Capital Budgeting Analysis: CQU Printers' Printer Investment Project

This project report analyzes a financial decision-making scenario for CQU Printers, focusing on whether to invest in new printers. The report begins with an introduction and case overview, explaining the need to replace old printers. Part A calculates initial investments, operating cash inflows, and terminal cash flows for two new printer options (Printer A and Printer B). Part B calculates relevant cash flow streams, and Part C assesses each printer using payback period, net present value (NPV), and internal rate of return (IRR). The analysis includes detailed calculations and working notes. Part D involves drawing graphs, and Part E discusses conflicting project rankings and recommendations based on the financial metrics. The report concludes with final recommendations in Part F and references. The analysis reveals that Printer B has a shorter payback period and a higher IRR compared to Printer A, suggesting it is the more financially attractive investment for CQU Printers. The report utilizes financial concepts such as capital budgeting and cash flow analysis to provide recommendations to the company.

Running Head: Finance
1
Project Report: Finance

Finance
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Contents
Introduction.......................................................................................................................3
Case Overview..................................................................................................................3
Part A................................................................................................................................4
Initial investment..........................................................................................................4
Operating cash inflows.................................................................................................5
Terminal cash flow.......................................................................................................7
Part B................................................................................................................................8
Relevant cash flow stream:...........................................................................................8
Part C..............................................................................................................................11
Payback period............................................................................................................11
Net present value........................................................................................................12
Internal rate of return..................................................................................................12
Past D..............................................................................................................................15
Draw the graph...........................................................................................................15
Part E..............................................................................................................................16
Conflicting ranking of projects...................................................................................16
Recommendation........................................................................................................16
Part F...............................................................................................................................17
Recommendation........................................................................................................17
References.......................................................................................................................18

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Introduction:
In the given case, a company, CQU printers is looking to make few changes into its
operations and the printers to enhance the production and to reduce the cost. This case
explains that the few changes have taken place in the market and for competing with these
factors; it is required for the company to replace the old printers with new one. New manager
of the company has suggested to the management of the company to evaluate the old printers
and two new printers and evaluate that which new printer would be best for the company and
which printer would offer high return and high internal rate of return to the company. For
evaluating both the printers and their outcome in the company, capital budgeting techniques
have been evaluated and it has been found that how much return could be got by the
company.
Case Overview:
Case explains that the company is required to produce 50,000 units annually. Old
printers must be replaced by the company by new printers. The sales value of the old printer
is $ 1,50,000 which express that if the company would sell the old printer right now than the
revenue of the company would be $ 4,20,000 whereas if the company would hold the old
printer than after 2 years it would be sold in $b 1,16,000. Further, the new printers have been
explained by the company and it has been found that the installed cost of printer A is $
8,70,000 and printer B is $ 6,60,000. Further, it explains that the Sales value of the printers
after 5 years would be $ 4,00,000 and $ 3,30,000 and the book value after 5 years would be $
43,500 and $ 33,000. Further, it has been explained that the life of both the projects would be
5 years. More, it has been found that the cost of capital of the company is 30% and the tax
rate of the country is 14%. Further, a table has been given about the profits of old printer,
new printer A and new printer B which is as follows:
Profit before depreciation and taxes for CQU printers
Year Old printer Printer A Printer B
1 $ 1,20,000 $ 2,50,000 $ 2,10,000
2 $ 1,20,000 $ 2,70,000 $ 2,10,000
3 $ 1,20,000 $ 3,00,000 $ 2,10,000
4 $ 1,20,000 $ 3,30,000 $ 2,10,000
5 $ 1,20,000 $ 3,70,000 $ 2,10,000

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Part A:
It is required for the company to evaluate the installed cost, total cash flows and
terminal cash flows of the project before investing into the project. It assists the company to
evaluate that which project is best and how much cash inflow would be got by the company
from a particular project after a particular time period (Chittenden & Derregia, 2015).
Following is the study of Initial investment, cash flows and terminal cash flows after 5 years
of both the projects:
Initial investment:
Initial investment is the total amount which has been invested by an organization to
acquire machinery. In the given case there are two machineries and their calculation of initial
investment is as follows:
Calculation of initial investment
New Mach
(A)
New Mach
(B)
Installed cost $ 8,70,000 $ 6,60,000
Less: Selling
Price $ 4,20,000 $ 4,20,000
Initial
Investment $ 4,50,000 $ 2,40,000
It explains that the initial investment of the Printer A would be $ 4,50,000 and for
Printer B, company would have to invest $ 2,40,000. It explains that the initial investment of
printer B is lesser than the other project proposal (Lorenz, 2015). Following is the working
note:
Working Note:
Calculation of current net profit
Installed cost $ 4,00,000
Less: Depreciation of 3 years $ 1,50,000
Value after 3 years $ 2,50,000
Current Selling value $ 4,20,000

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Profit $ 1,70,000
Net profit $ 1,70,000
Operating cash inflows:
Total operating cash inflow is the total amount which has been received by an
organization after investing into a particular project through its operating activities (Renz,
2016). In the given case there are two machineries and their calculation of operating cash
flow is as follows:
Differential Cash
Flows from
Operations
Initi
al
YEAR
1
YEA
R 2
YEA
R 3
YEA
R 4
YEAR
5
DIFFERENTIATED
DEPRECIATION
$
-
1,15,3
00
##
##
##
#
$-
1,15
,300
$ -
1,15,
300
-
1,15,
300
Cash inflows from new
machinery
$
2,50,0
00
$2,7
0,00
0
$
3,00
,000
$
3,30,
000
3,70,
000
Cash inflows from old
machinery
$
-
1,20,0
00
##
##
##
#
$-
1,20
,000
$ -
1,20,
000
-
1,20,
000
DIFFERENTIATED
Earnings Before Interest
&Taxes
$
14,70
0
$
34,
700
$
64,
700
$
94,7
00
1,34,
700
TAXES
$
-
4,410
$ -
10,4
10
$ -
19,4
10
$
-
28,4
10
-
40,41
0
DIFFERENTIATED EBIAT
$
10,29
0
$
24,2
90
$
45,2
90
$
66,2
90
94,29
0
DIFF Operational CF
$
1,25,
590
$1,
39,
590
$
1,6
0,5
90
$
1,81
,590
2,09,
590
Changes in operating
assets and liabilities

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Changes in cash
$
-
25,4
00
Changes in Accounts
Receivable
$ -
1,20,
000
Inventories
$
20,0
00
Changes in Accounts
Payable
$
35,0
00
$ -
90,40
0
$
1,25,
590
$1,
39,
590
$
1,6
0,5
90
$
1,81
,590
$
2,09,
590
Total Operational Cash flows
7,26
,550
The above table explains that the operating cash inflows of the company would be $
7,26,550 in case of printer A. It explains that the good cash inflows would occur in case of
printer A.
Differential Cash
Flows from
Operations
Initi
al
YEAR
1
YE
AR
2
YEA
R 3
YEA
R 4
YEAR
5
DIFFERENTIATED
DEPRECIATION
$
-
75,40
0
$ -
75,
400
$ -
75,4
00
$
-
75,4
00
$
-
75,40
0
Cash inflows from new
machinery
$
2,10,
000
$2,
10,
000
$
2,10
,000
$
2,10,
000
$
2,10,
000
Cash inflows from old
machinery
$ -
1,20,
000
$
-
1,20,
000
##
##
##
#
$-
1,20
,000
$ -
1,20,
000
$
-
1,20,
000
DIFFERENTIATED
Earnings Before
Interest &Taxes
$
14,60
0
$
14,
600
$
14,6
00
$
14,6
00
$
14,60
0
TAXES $ $ $ $ $

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-
4,380
-
4,3
80
-
4,38
0
-
4,38
0
-
4,380
DIFFERENTIATED
EBIAT
$
10,22
0
$
10,
220
$
10,2
20
$
10,2
20
$
10,22
0
DIFF Operational CF
$
85,62
0
$
85,
620
$
85,6
20
$
85,6
20
$
85,62
0
Total Operational Cash flows
$
4,28,1
00
The above table explains that the operating cash inflows of the company would be $
4,28,100 in case of printer B. It explains that the good cash inflows would occur in case of
printer B. Though, in comparison of Printer A, cash inflow of printer B is quite lesser (Otley,
2016).
Working Note:
Years 1 to 5
Differential Depreciation
DEPRECIAT NEW
MACHIN
-
1,65,300
-1,25,400
DEPRECIAT OLD
MACHIN
50,000 50,000
Differential Depreciation -
1,15,300
-75,400
Terminal cash flow:
Terminal cash flows are the total amount which has been received by an organization
after terminating a project or machinery. This amount is calculated at the end of a project. In
the given case there are two machineries and their calculation of terminal cash flows are as
follows:
Calculation of terminal cash flows
Printer A Printer B
Salvage
Value
$
43,500
$
33,000
Book Value $ $

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4,00,000 3,30,000
Capital Gain
$
3,56,500
$
2,97,000
Net cash
flow
$
3,56,500
$
2,97,000
The above table explains that the net terminal cash flow of Printer A would be $
3,56,5000 and in case of printer B, terminal cash flow of the company would be $ 2,97,000. It
explains that the position and performance of Printer A would be better (Cooper, Ezzamel &
Qu, 2017).

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Part B:
Relevant cash flow stream:
Cash flow stream is equal to the total of value of the cash flow. It evaluates the
present value of the future cash flows to evaluate the best project. The calculations the part A
has been evaluated and the relevant cash flows have been calculated on the basis of that:
Cash Flows Stream Initial
YEAR
1
YEAR
2
YEAR
3
YEAR
4
YEAR
5
Initial Investment
$ -
4,50,00
0
DIFFERENTIATED
DEPRECIATION
$ -
1,15,3
00
$ -
1,15,3
00
$ -
1,15,3
00
$ -
1,15,3
00
$ -
1,15,3
00
Cash inflows from new
machinery
$
2,50,0
00
$
2,70,0
00
$
3,00,0
00
$
3,30,0
00
$
3,70,0
00
Cash inflows from old
machinery
$ -
1,20,0
00
$ -
1,20,0
00
$ -
1,20,0
00
$ -
1,20,0
00
$ -
1,20,0
00
DIFFERENTIATED
Earnings Before Interest
&Taxes
$
14,700
$
34,700
$
64,700
$
94,700
$
1,34,7
00
TAXES
$
-4,410
$
-
10,410
$
-
19,410
$
-
28,410
$
-
40,410
DIFFERENTIATED
EBIAT
$
10,290
$
24,290
$
45,290
$
66,290
$
94,290
DIFF Operational CF
$ -
4,50,00
0
$
1,25,5
90
$
1,39,5
90
$
1,60,5
90
$
1,81,5
90
$
2,09,5
90
Changes in operating
assets and liabilities
Changes in cash
$
-
25,400
Changes in Accounts
Receivable
$ -
1,20,00
0
Inventories
$
20,000

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Changes in Accounts
Payable
$
35,000
$ -
5,40,40
0
$
1,25,5
90
$
1,39,5
90
$
1,60,5
90
$
1,81,5
90
$
2,09,5
90
Salvage Value
$
43,500
Book Value
$
4,00,0
00
Capital Gain
$
3,56,5
00
Tax on capital gain
Net cash flow
$
3,56,5
00
Total Operational Cash
flows
$ -
5,40,40
0
$
1,25,5
90
$
1,39,5
90
$
1,60,5
90
$
1,81,5
90
$
5,66,0
90
$6,3
3,05
0
Present value factor 1 0.8772 0.7695 0.6750 0.5921 0.5194
Present value
-
540400
11016
6.6667
10740
9.9723
10839
3.6758
10751
5.8576
29400
9.4072
1,87,
096
It explains that the cash flow stream of Part A is $ 1,87,096 which means the present
value of future cash flows of the company is $ 1,97,096 (Kotas, 2014). Further the cash flow
stream of project B has been calculated which are as follows:
Cash Flows Stream Initial
YEAR
1
YEAR
2
YEAR
3
YEAR
4
YEA
R 5
Initial Investment
$ -
2,40,0
00
DIFFERENTIATED
DEPRECIATION
$
-
75,400
$
-
75,400
$
-
75,400
$
-
75,400
$ -
75,40
0
Cash inflows from new
machinery
$
2,10,0
00
$
2,10,0
00
$
2,10,0
00
$
2,10,0
00
$
2,10,
000
Cash inflows from old
machinery
-
12000
0
$ -
1,20,0
00
$ -
1,20,0
00
$ -
1,20,0
00
$ -
1,20,0
00
$ -
1,20,
000

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DIFFERENTIATED
Earnings Before Interest
&Taxes
$
14,600
$
14,600
$
14,600
$
14,600
$
14,60
0
TAXES
$
-4,380
$
-4,380
$
-4,380
$
-4,380
$
-
4,380
DIFFERENTIATED
EBIAT
$
10,220
$
10,220
$
10,220
$
10,220
$
10,22
0
DIFF Operational CF
$ -
2,40,0
00
$
85,620
$
85,620
$
85,620
$
85,620
$
85,62
0
Salvage Value
$
33,00
0
Book Value
$
3,30,
000
Capital Gain
$
2,97,
000
Tax on capital gain
Net cash flow
2970
00
Total Operational Cash
flows
$ -
2,40,0
00
$
85,620
$
85,620
$
85,620
$
85,620
$
3,82,
620
$
4,85,1
00
Present value factor
$
1
$
1
$
1
$
1
$
1
$
1
Present value
$ -
2,40,0
00
$
75,105
$
65,882
$
57,791
$
50,694
$
1,98,
721
$
2,08,1
93
Further, the cash flow stream calculations of printer B explains that the cash flow
stream of Part B is $ 2,08,193 which means the present value of future cash flows of the
company is $ 2,08,193. Further the cash flow stream of printer A and printer B explains that
the value of printer B is far better than printer A (Fullerton, Kennedy & Widener, 2014).

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Part C:
After evaluating the cash flows of both the projects, the NPV, IRR and payback
period of both the printers have been calculated to evaluate the best project. Capital
budgeting techniques makes it easy for the company to measure the changes and make a
better decision:
Payback period:
Payback period explains about the total time in which the total amount which has
been invested by the company could be got back. Following is the calculations of the payback
period of printer A and Printer B.
Calculation of Payback period (Printer A)
Year Cash Outflow Cash Inflow C.F
0 $ -5,40,400 $ -5,40,400
1 $ 1,25,590 $ -4,14,810
2 $ 1,39,590 $ -2,75,220
3 $ 1,60,590 $ -1,14,630
4 $ 1,81,590 $ 66,960
5 $ 2,09,590 $ 2,76,550
Payback Period 2.37
(Burns & Walker, 2015)
The study of payback period of printer A explains that the amount could be got back
by the company after 2.37 years. Further, it has also been found that after 2.37 years, the
company would be able to make profits.
Calculation of Payback period (Printer B)
Year Cash Outflow Cash Inflow C.F
0 $ -2,40,000 $ -2,40,000
1 $ 85,620 $ -1,54,380
2 $ 85,620 $ -68,760
3 $ 85,620 $ 16,860
4 $ 85,620 $ 1,02,480
5 $ 85,620 $ 1,88,100
Payback Period 1.20

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Further, the study of payback period of printer B explains that the amount could be
got back by the company after 1.20 years. Further, it has also been found that after 1.20 years,
the company would be able to make profits. It explains that the position and the performance
of Printer B are way better than printer A (Abor, 2017).
Net present value:
Net present value explains about the total profit of the company which could be got
by the company through a particular project. Following is the study of NPV of printer A and
printer B:
Net present value (Printer A)
Year Cash Outflow Cash Inflow P.V. Factor P.V.
0 $ -5,40,400 1 $ -5,40,400
1 $ 1,25,590 0.877 $ 1,10,167
2 $ 1,39,590 0.769 $ 1,07,410
3 $ 1,60,590 0.675 $ 1,08,394
4 $ 1,81,590 0.592 $ 1,07,516
5 $ 5,66,090 0.519 $ 2,94,009
Net present value $ 1,87,096
It explains that the NPV of Printer A is $ 1,87,096.
Net present value (Printer B)
Year Cash Outflow Cash Inflow P.V. Factor P.V.
0 $ -2,40,000 1 $ -2,40,000
1 $ 85,620 0.877 $ 75,105
2 $ 85,620 0.769 $ 65,882
3 $ 85,620 0.675 $ 57,791
4 $ 85,620 0.592 $ 50,694
5 $ 3,82,620 0.519 $ 1,98,721
Net present value $ 2,08,193
(Bas, 2014)
Further, the above calculations express that the total NPV of the company is $
2,08,193. The calculations express that the printer B is far better than Printer A in case of
profits.
Internal rate of return:

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More, the study has been done over internal rate of return and it has been found that
how much the return could be got through these projects by the company. Following is the
calculations of IRR:
IRR
Year Cash Outflow Cash Inflow
0 $ -5,40,400
1 $ 1,25,590
2 $ 1,39,590
3 $ 1,60,590
4 $ 1,81,590
5 $ 5,66,090
IRR 24.40%
It explains that the IRR of printer A is 24.40% and the cost of capital of the company
is 14% which means the company would be able to earn a great profit (Andor, Mohanty &
Toth, 2015).
IRR
Year Cash Outflow Cash Inflow
0 -240000
1 85620
2 85620
3 85620
4 85620
5 382620
IRR 37.93%
Further, the same study over Printer B explains that the IRR of printer A is 37.93%
and the cost of capital of the company is 14% which means the company would be able to
earn a great profit. The comparison study of Printer A and Printer B explains that the printer
B is way better (Zhang, Huang & Zhang, 2015).
The capital budgeting study of printer A and printer B explains that the position of
Printer B is way better in all the cases (IRR, NPV and pay back). Though, both the projects

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are doing well in the market but the profitability rate and his position of printer B is better
than printer A.

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Past D:
Draw the graph:
Further, the IRR and NPV of both the projects have been evaluated through drawing a
graph. In IRR graph, both the projects have been drawn on the same axes:
It epxlains that the IRR rate of printer B is quite higher than the IRR rate of printer A.
In next grpah, NPV has been evalauted.

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The above graph expalins that the NPV of printer B is way higher than the Printer A.

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Part E:
Conflicting ranking of projects:
Further, both the projects have been evaluated to identify the performance of the
company and it has been found that the ranking of Printer B is way better than the raking of
printer A. The study of payback period of printer A explains that the amount could be got
back by the company after 2.37 years and in case of Printer S, it is 1.20 years. It explains that
the position and the performance of Printer B are way better than printer A.
Further, it explains that the NPV of Printer A is $ 1,87,096 and the total NPV of the
Printer B is $ 2,08,193. The calculations express that the printer B is far better than Printer A
in case of profits. In addition, it explains that the IRR of printer A is 24.40% and the cost of
capital of the company is 14% which means the company would be able to earn a great profit.
Further, the same study over Printer B explains that the IRR of printer A is 37.93% and the
cost of capital of the company is 14% which means the company would be able to earn a
great profit (Levi & Welch, 2014). The comparison study of Printer A and Printer B explains
that the printer B is way better.
The capital budgeting study of printer A and printer B explains that the position of
Printer B is way better in all the cases (IRR, NPV and pay back). Though, both the projects
are doing well in the market but the profitability rate and his position of printer B is better
than printer A.
Recommendation:
Further, the projects have been evaluated and it has been found that the decision of the
company could be different in unlimited funds case and capital rationing. Unlimited funds are
the case in which it is expressed that the cost of the projects is hardly matter to the company
and the company’s do not care about the total risk to the investors (Brooks, 2014). In case of
printer A and printer B, it has been evaluated that both the projects are way better and
offering a good return to the company. Company could adopt both the projects and grab the
more opportunity form market by it.
At the same time, if the company is approaching the case of capital rationing, than
capital rationing express that an organization keep a budget and invest into the projects
according to that budget only (Daunfeldt & Hartwig, 2014). It explains that the company

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should go for project B as it would offer high return to the company and the initial investment
of the company is also lower.
Part F:
Recommendation:
Lastly, the study has been done over risk and return factor and it has been evaluated to
investigate the best project for the company in context with the operating cash flows.
Basically, the study of operating cash flows explain that the printer A is the best opportunity
for the company but if the project A is quite risky than the company should try Printer B as
well. The above calculations explain that the operating cash inflows of the company would be
$ $ 7,26,550 and 4,28,100 in case of printer A and B. It explains that the good cash inflows
would occur in case of printer A and B both. Though, in comparison of Printer A, cash inflow
of printer B is quite lesser but if the Printer A is risky project than the company should go for
project A.

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