PPMP20011 Commercial Project Negotiation: Conflict Report

This consolidated portfolio provides a summary of learning outcomes from ten weekly modules focusing on commercial project negotiation. It includes evidence supporting these outcomes, such as artifacts and assignments, and reviews academic literature concerning negotiation procedures. The reflection highlights the understanding gained regarding negotiation processes, conflict management, stakeholder engagement, and the role of project managers in both government and private firms. The portfolio emphasizes the importance of communication in enhancing negotiation and driving business growth, concluding that the weekly modules have provided valuable insights into the application of negotiation in various contexts.

Consolidated Portfolio
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Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................2
Summary of each learning outcomes...........................................................................................................2
Evidence of supporting this learning outcome.............................................................................................3
Review of academic literature.....................................................................................................................3
Reflection....................................................................................................................................................4
Conclusion...................................................................................................................................................5
References...................................................................................................................................................6
Appendix.....................................................................................................................................................8
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Introduction
The paper will mainly highlight the summary of learning outcomes that have been discussed in
ten weekly portfolios. Also, the evidence of supporting these ten learning outcomes will also
provide in this paper. Apart from this, an academic literature review in concerning to the
negotiation procedures will also discuss in this context. Moreover, my learning aspects in
concerning this weekly portfolio will also be discussed in this paper.
Summary of each learning outcomes
The learning outcomes of all ten weeks provide knowledge regarding the commercial project
negotiation, and all these outcomes help to know about the different procedures of this
negotiation process (Cips.org, 2018). The learning outcomes of week one demonstrate the
operation of commercial projects and commercial planning in concerning the various range of
services, build agreement and ICT. The learning outcomes provide an idea regarding the various
types of agreements that related to ICT, building and also the complex non-government and
government operations respectively. This learning outcome can be achieved by thoroughly
studying the various concept relating to the negotiation process (Alfredson, T. and Cungu, 2018).
The second learning outcomes are related to the various theories of negotiation and its practices.
For completing all the aspects of this learning outcomes, all the theories of negotiation
procedures have to study and then applied it according to the context (William, 2010).
The third learning outcomes demonstrates the role of project manager in this commercial
negotiation procedure and for understand the role of manager it is essential to know the process
of negotiation because manager roles vary in concerning to different industries (Anbari,
Giammalvo, Jaffe, Letavec and Merchant, Date Unknown). The fourth-week learning outcomes
are based on the comparison between stakeholder's political interest and its commercial interests.
In achieving this learning outcome, a report has to be made where the difference between these
two interests are written and this help to understand the various approaches of this context
(Burke, 2013). The fifth, sixth and seventh-week learning procedures are based on the various
features of management authorities and in completing this outcome an idea about the
communicating process of both commercial negotiation and project communication should be
made (Kbmanage.com, 2008).
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The eight-week learning outcomes mainly based on the negotiation procedure that occurs in both
government and private organizations and for achieving this outcome, all the negotiation process
should be studied that occur in both government and non-government or private organizations
respectively (Kerzner, 2013). The ninth week is based on project framework and standards, and
for determining this project, a clear idea about the procedure of project management and its
relation with the negotiation procedures should be learned (Larson, and Gray, 2015). The last
week determine the contracts procedure because it considered as an important aspect of handling
project. For completing the understanding regarding the contract procedure, it is important to
learn the different types as well as stages of contract (O’Haire et al., 2018). Hence all these
learning outcomes provide an idea regarding the use and application of negotiation process.
Evidence of supporting this learning outcome
From this weekly module, a clear idea of reading each of the learning outcomes are determined
which mainly demonstrate the process of negotiation. In such situation, the evidence of learning
outcomes can only be accomplished from the artifacts as well as assignments from classes and
also through pieces of writings, exams, and projects (Wick wire, Driscoll, Hurlbut, and Groff,
1991). Hence in this condition, the evidence of achieving the learning outcomes can be generated
by the weekly portfolios and also other resources like direct and indirect measures (Peña-Mora
and Tamaki, 2001). Direct measures constitute the evidence that obtains through course
assignments, exam and also by learning the portfolios whereas indirect measures determine the
surveys, interviews, reflection components and course evaluation.
Review of academic literature
All topics of this weekly portfolio mainly related to the commercial negotiation procedures in
concerning planning and projects respectively. Several contractual agreements are related to
building agreements and managed devices and this help to determine the complex government
and non-government operations (Kerzner, 2013). The author suggested that negotiation is an
interpersonal skill that are used to handle different conditions while communication helps to
maintain the good relationship with others and thus it defines as the key to success for any
project. Also, commercial negotiation is an important aspect of management that helps a
manager to manage the project (PMI, 2008). There are several aspects of project management,
and this depends on different perspectives that includes complexity, pace, novelty, and
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technology. The author states that commitment and trust help an organization to maintain their
working function and for this negotiation is necessary (Project Management Hacks, 2018). A
difference is noted between the negotiation procedure of both government and non-government
firm and this depends on their actions of interest. Hence these academic literature provide a view
of negotiation procedures in different contextual purposes.
Reflection
From this learning outcome, I have learned the various aspects of negotiation procedures, and I
have understood that it possesses different results in the different contextual matter. In other
words, I have gained knowledge regarding the complex non-government and government
operations in concerning to various agreements. Besides this, from this learning outcomes, I have
clearly understood the difference between conflict management, stakeholder engagement, and
project negotiation procedures (Snyder, 2013). Also, I have clearly understood that being an
interpersonal skills negotiation help in conflict resolution and it also helps to manage various
work-related matters (Walker, & Walker, 2015). The learning outcomes help me to understand
the role of project manager in commercial negotiation and also in managing the project (Turner,
2014). I have learned that in both government and private firm the role of commercial
negotiation is different and it depends on the organization's functions. Hence from all these
learning outcomes I have learned that good communication enhances the negotiation process
which thereby increases the business growth.
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Conclusion
The paper concluded that all these weekly portfolios depend on the negotiation process and this
helps me to learn about the use of this process in the different contextual matter. Also, all the
theories of negotiation provide an idea regarding its importance in both government and non-
government organizations. Furthermore, it is noted that all these weekly portfolios provide me
knowledge regarding the complex behavior of both government and private firm and its relation
with different agreements.
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References
Alfredson, T. and Cungu, A. (2008). Negotiation Theory and Practice A Review of the
Literature. [ebook] John Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA: Easypol. Available
at: http://www.fao.org/docs/up/easypol/550/4-5_negotiation_background_paper_179en.pdf [Acc
essed 25 Jul. 2018].
Anbari F.T., Giammalvo P., Jaffe P., Letavec C., and Merchant R. (Date Unknown) “The
Chunnel Project”. PMI Case Studies in Project Management.
http://www.pmi.org/~/media/PDF/Academic/case%20studies/Chunnel%20Project.ashx
Burke, R., 2013. Project management: planning and control techniques. New Jersey, USA.
Cips.org. (2018). Negotiations in Procurement - The Chartered Institute of Procurement and
Supply. [online] Available at: https://www.cips.org/en-AU/knowledge/procurement-topics-and-
skills/strategy-policy/negotiation/negotiations-in-procurement/ [Accessed 4 Aug. 2018].
James, G. and Zack (2017). Management of Variations & Construction. [ebook] Sydney:
Navigant. Available
at: http://projectcontrols2017.com.au/wp-content/uploads/2017/04/Management-of-Variations-
Construction-Claims-Jim-Zack-complete.pdf [Accessed 25 Jul. 2018].
Kbmanage.com. (2008). Negotiations in Procurement - What is it? Definition, Examples and
More. [online] Available at: https://www.kbmanage.com/concept/negotiation-in-procurement
[Accessed 4 Aug. 2018].
Kerzner H. 2013. Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and
Control, 11th Edition. Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons, pp.1712-1730.
Larson, E.W. and Gray, C.F., 2015. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge:
PMBOK (®) Guide. Project Management Institute.
O’Haire, C., McPheeters, M., Nakamoto, E., LaBrant, L., Most, C., Lee, K., Graham, E.,
Cottrell, E. and Guise, J. (2018). Descriptions of Stakeholder Engagement Methods.
[online] Ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Available
at:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK62556/[Accessed 25 Jul. 2018].
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Peña-Mora F., and Tamaki T. 2001. "Effect of Delivery Systems on Collaborative Negotiations
for Large -Scale Infrastructure Projects”. Journal of Management in Engineering. Vol:April 2001
pp.105-121
Kerzner H. 2013. Project Management: A Systems Approach to Planning, Scheduling, and
Control, 11th Edition. Hoboken, USA: John Wiley & Sons.
PMI. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge (PMBOK Guide) (2008)
4th ed. [ebook] Pennsylvania,USA.: PMI, p.240. Available
at:https://www.works.gov.bh/English/ourstrategy/Project%20Management/Documents/Other
%20PM%20Resources/PMBOKGuideFourthEdition_protected.pdf [Accessed 25 Jul. 2018].
Project Management Hacks. (2018). Conflict Management Techniques From the PMBOK Guide.
[online] Available at: http://projectmanagementhacks.com/conflict-management-techniques-
pmbok/ [Accessed 25 Jul. 2018].
Snyder, C., 2013. A User's Manual to the PMBOK Guide. Wiley.
Turner, J.R., 2014. Handbook of project-based management(Vol. 92). New York, NY: McGraw-
hill.
Walker, B., & Walker, D. (2015). Collaborative Project Procurement Arrangements. [ebook]
Newtown Square: PMI, pp.1-3. Available at:
https://www.pmi.org/-/media/pmi/documents/public/pdf/research/research-summaries/
walker_collaborative-project-procurement.pdf [Accessed 4 Aug. 2018].
Wick wire, J.M., Driscoll, T.J., Hurlbut, S.B. and Groff, M.J., 1991. Construction scheduling:
Preparation, liability, and claims (p. 158). Wiley Law Publications.
William T., C. (2010). Five Things Every Project Manager Should Know about
Negotiation. [online] Pmi.org. Available at: https://www.pmi.org/learning/library/negotiate-
success-element-communication-managers-6504 [Accessed 4 Aug. 2018].
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Appendix
Week 1
Description of
topics
including
reading
samples
Learning
outcomes of
the unit
Learnings from your experience, this and prior
unit reading, assignments
Week 1 Topic:
Commercial
Planning and
Commercial
Projects.
Wikipedia article
Channel Tunnel;
Peña-Mora F.,
and Tamaki T.
2001. "Effect of
Delivery Systems
on Collaborative
Negotiations for
Large -Scale
Infrastructure
Projects”;
21 Apr 2016
Channel Tunnel's
unique status
confirmed;
29 June 2016
Brexit
negotiations:
Four ways to get
a good deal;
YouTube:
The Chunnel -
World's Longest
Underwater
Tunnel - History
Channel.
1. Describe the
operation of
diverse and
complex
government
and non-
government
project
contractual
arrangements
relevant to a
range of
managed
services, ICT,
and build
agreements.
The assignment experience helped me to understand the various types of
contractual agreements that are related to building agreements, ICT and a
number of managed devices. I came to understand the complex government a
well as non-government operations and how their expertise are listed. The
assessment also helped me to know about a number of contractual agreemen
3. Differentiate After reading the assignments and the unit learning courses, I was able to mak
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Description of
topics
including
reading
samples
Learning
outcomes of
the unit
Learnings from your experience, this and prior
unit reading, assignments
methods of project
negotiation, conflict
management, and
stakeholder
engagement across
projects consisting of
differing technology
standards and asset
lifecycles.
out the difference between stakeholder engagement, conflict management an
project negotiation. I learnt about how the process of communicating
continuously to reach a joint agreement of ideas is necessary for complex
projects with a number of asset lifecycle and a number of technology standard
I also understood the importance of stakeholder engagement and how it heps
identifying and mitigating issues in an effective and balanced way. Due to the
complexity of the project, stakeholder engagement is also important as it affe
the people due to particular decisions taken by the institution.
4. Explain and apply
methods of
identifying and
reconciling
inconsistent and
conflicting objectives
and drivers that
develop, maintain,
mange relationships
and communication
with key
stakeholders.
After evaluating the unit, I understood the importance of addressing the vario
conflicting and inconsistent objectives that are responsible fir managing,
marinating and developing communication and relationships. I learned about
the methods of confronting where the parties are asked to collaborate face to
face for an agreement. To reach a decision, both parties have to compromise
something in order to reach a satisfaction level. Moreover, I also learned abou
the process of smoothing, avoiding and forcing if the issue turns out to be a w
lose situation.
5. Explain the
consequences of
project delays,
disruptions, and
changes to planned
activities and the
methods for claims
variations, liquidated
damages, contract
entitlements, and
arbitration.
After prior reading of the assignment, I got a sound idea about the list of cause
of project disruptions and delays. The delays can be caused by the client,
contractor, consultant, lack of material and equipment, labours and external
factors. The Chunnel Tunnel case helped me to assess the various consequenc
of the project delays such as lack of proper negotiation, dispute, cost overrun
and time overrun. I also came to know about the various methods of claim
variations such as risk, shared contracts and owner practices. The methods of
contract entitlement also helped me to learn several types of contracts such a
period, verbal and written contracts.
6. Evaluate project
management tools
that help avoid or
provide conflict
resolution via
negotiated solutions.
The case study of Central Artery and Tunnel (CA/T) Project helped me to
understand the various types of management tools that are used to address
conflicts and bring up solutions through negotiations. The case study helped m
to assess the various types of tools that were used such as JIRA, Basecamp and
Scoro. I was impressed by how the tools helped not to solve the symptoms bu
the underlying problem in general.
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Week 2
Description of
topics
including
reading
samples
Learning
outcomes of
the unit
Learnings from your experience, this and prior
unit reading, assignments
Week 2 Topic:
Theory of
Negotiation and
Negotiation in
Practice.
Alfredson T., &
Cungu
A. 2008. Negotia
tion Theory and
Practice;
Kerzner (2013)
Section
25.5 Managing
Troubled
Projects;
William Ury and
Robert Fisher
(2012) GETTING
TO YES:
Negotiating an
agreement
without giving
in;
YouTube:
Popular Videos –
Negotiation;
3. Differentiate
methods of project
negotiation, conflict
management, and
stakeholder
engagement across
projects consisting of
differing technology
standards and asset
lifecycles.
Based on my learning of unit material I have understood the importance of
negotiation in the life cycle of a project and also on the success and failure of a
project. Negotiation can be understood as an attempt to reach an agreement
and satisfaction of both the parties. Negotiation requires superior interperson
skills of the project manager and other stakeholders involved in negotiations.
There are many different methods or tools that are used to handle and
negotiate different situations. There is something called as Win-Win method in
which all the parties agree on a mutually agreed upon terms that keeps all the
parties satisfied. Both the parties win in a way. There is something called as W
lose in which one party win or loses completely. The viewpoints of one party i
negotiated against the other. This results in win-lose situation.
Conflict resolution and stakeholder engagement are other important aspects o
a project and has many tools in them to handle conflicts.
Are any of the
activities above
relevant to your
reflections for
the learning
outcomes on the
right?
4.Explain and apply
methods of
identifying and
reconciling
inconsistent and
conflicting objectives
and drivers that
Communication is a key to a success of any project. There could be
communication happening at various levels in a project. Communication could
be with various stakeholders outside and inside the purview of a project.
Communication is also an important tool for stakeholder engagement. The
project manager needs to ensure a proper communication plan is in place to
ensure smooth running of the project all the time. Communication decides ho
well are the relationships with various stakeholders and how that will translat
in to completing the project on time.
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Description of
topics
including
reading
samples
Learning
outcomes of
the unit
Learnings from your experience, this and prior
unit reading, assignments
develop, maintain,
mange relationships
and communication
with key
stakeholders.
Are any of the
activities above
relevant to your
reflections for
the learning
outcomes on the
right?
5. Explain the
consequences of
project delays,
disruptions, and
changes to planned
activities and the
methods for claims
variations, liquidated
damages, contract
entitlements, and
arbitration.
The readings I did made me understand the difference between delay and
disruptions and how they can severely affect various other aspects of the
project. When a project is delayed it means it will be completed at a later stag
than what has been planned and when there is some disruption it means the
project has not been able to follow the action plan as was decided earlier by t
project management teams which could involve various stakeholders. These
variations could have severe affect on the time and cost variables of the proje
which could be and in most cases most certainly would be claimed. These claim
could turn a project into success or failure and sometimes requires a project
manager to even stop the project and in some cases the project cannot even b
stopped as there are some government regulations that needs to be followed
Not being able to stop a project means further losses.
Are any of the
activities above
relevant to your
reflections for
the learning
outcomes on the
right?
6. Evaluate project
management tools
that help avoid or
provide conflict
resolution via
negotiated solutions.
Conflicts are a very usual in a life cycle of a project and depending on how wel
or poorly they are handled it will have serious impact on many other key
variables on a project. Conflicts are usually among various stakeholders and it
important to handle them at a very early stage before they escalate further an
affect other aspects of the project. To prevent this there is a conflict resolution
plan and there are many tools that are used to handle any conflict that arises
any point of time in the life cycle of a project. Some of the most common are
Forced way, collaborate, smooth, withdraw and compromise.
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