Unit 305 Research Project: Effects of Creatine Supplementation Studies

This research project investigates the effects of creatine supplementation through a systematic review of multiple studies. The methodology involves a detailed search strategy across databases such as PubMed, and inclusion/exclusion criteria are established to filter relevant articles. The project analyzes articles focusing on creatine's impact on anaerobic performance, body composition, muscle strength, and sprint performance in various athletic populations, including football players and college athletes. The methods include screening, selection, quality assessment, and synthesis of data, culminating in a discussion of findings and a conclusion. The report addresses the search strategy, inclusion and exclusion criteria, screening and selection processes, quality assessment, data synthesis, and the presentation of results. The project aims to provide a comprehensive overview of creatine supplementation's effects, synthesizing evidence from various sources to draw conclusions about its efficacy and potential implications for athletic performance and health.

Unit 305 – Research
Project

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
METHOD........................................................................................................................................1
Search strategy........................................................................................................................1
Inclusion and Exclusion criteria.............................................................................................3
Screening and selection..........................................................................................................8
Quality assessment tool........................................................................................................10
Method of synthesis/analysis................................................................................................11
Prisma Diagram....................................................................................................................12
RESULT........................................................................................................................................16
DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................17
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................17
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................19

INTRODUCTION
Creatine is defined as the natural substance which is used to turn the substance into
creatine phosphate in the body. This creatine phosphate usually help to make the substance that
used to produce the energy in body called as adenosine triphosphate (ATP). As per this, the ATP
help to provide the energy which is used by muscle in order to create the contraction in muscle.
In context with this, the creatine is self-produce by body in order to use. It also synthesis form
the protein rich food such as higher cholesterol food and fluid for example meat and fish. With
relation to this, they scientist used to discover the creatine supplement which help body to
improve the physical performance. In the context with this, the creatine is usually used by
number of people in order to increase their physical activity such as athletes. The creatine
became of the measure supplement in the field of sports. However, this help to gain more
popularity within the school, college and term of professional athletes, the sports which is
included are football and hockey and many more. Their player is used to take creatine in way to
enhance the physical activity (Kopsidas and et. al., 2019). Moreover, the side effect of creatine
are more which include factor such as they are active and contribute in the section of failure of
body organ because thy promote the hormonal activity of gland and other necessary organs. The
side effect which is associated with this kidney damage, liver damage, kidney stones, weight
gain, bloating, dehydration, muscle cramps, digestive problems and so on. In context with this,
the project is about various article that show the effect of creatine with various aspect. The
analysis of article with proper method are discussed.
METHOD
Search strategy
ARTICLE 1: “Effect of in season (5 weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on
anaerobic performance and body composition on American football player”.
For this article the systematic search was conducted in order to know the relevance of
article (Amatori and et. al., 2020). This is completed by using the PubMed.gov including the
essential of MEDLINE, HUMAN KINETICS JOURNALS, Europe PMC and also from the
Springer Link for the interrogation for the research which is published until the year 2018. In
this, the PubMed.gov have huge database in the field of research and this help to create the
spectrum which is broad and wide. The HUMAN KINETICS JOURNALS provide the research
1

in the appropriate way with the core in biomedical and complementary and essential medicine
such as orphan drug and other which is related with this. This also used to provide the brief
knowledge about the effect of creatine in season and how the pyruvate used to enhance the
properties of body and measure their possible side effect in the body. The Europe PMC and
Springer Link used to contribute in supplementation which is associated with the clinical
decision making with the prior of high quality of clinical trial and their surveillance (Udobi and
et. al., 2019).
ARTICLE 2: “Long term effect of creatine mono hydrate on strength and power”.
The systematic search which is used to conduct by using the various mode of matter such
as some relevance website are health line, Journal of strength and conditioning Research,
American physiological society and NCBI PMC for a research which is published until the year
2019. whereas NCBI PMC used to develop the advance data base which is having the collective
research paper that have broad knowledge about the factor which us used to provide the
knowledge in wide range. Health line and Journal of strength and conditioning research are used
to specify the article and this used to provide the proper information of creatine and their effect
for longer period of time. As per this, the American physiological society used to provide the
factor which is usually help in making the decision which is helpful for the synthesis of matter
(Gepner and et. al., 2019).
ARTICLE 3: “Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition. Strength and sprint
performance”
As per this. This article is systematically done by conducting the approach which is
create the relevance on the substance of various website which have proper information that is
appropriate optimization from the national library of medicine which is linked with the national
centre of biotechnology and their information. In context with this, they are supposed to use the
PubMed.gov, Research gate and the sports Journals. However, they are used to analyse by using
this because they have huge data base which allow a person to take the essential decision in their
measurable thought which is effective and used to treat possibly. The sport journal provides the
factor which is necessary for the other factor which is help to create the research on the various
topic. This all are used in form of knowledge for acquiring the more and more information which
is useful in the process of decision making and free trails (Stone and et. al., 2019).
2

ARTICLE 4: “Effect of 8 weeks of creatine supplementation on exercise performance and fat
free weight in the football player during training”
In context with this the researcher used to research their data in order to know the fact
and figure which help to analyse the various truth which providing information regarding the
topic that is associated with the researcher. As per this, the information is collected by website
such as ELSEVIER which is based on research, research gate, international journal of sports
studies for health, and also from the journal and research paper from the Creighton university
and this is also reviewed by the Journal of the international society of sports Nutrition. As per all,
the ELSEVIER is a software which used to provide the information which is based on various
factor such as they used to provide the simulator of surgery and other hypothesis which is
measured. Research gate are used in order to minimise the issue which is essential for the better
formulation of higher sense of decision making. The international Journal of society of sports
nutrition provide the effective diet plan for an individual who is using this in a way by which
they can learn more and more knowledge. This all knowledge is help to gain more skill and also
support in the process of decision making.
ARTICLE 5: “Creatine supplementation during resistance training in college football
athletes”
This is a systematic approach which is used in the section to explore the various factor
such as there are number of website which is access to complete the search strategies. Some of
the sites are pubmed.gov, Europe PMC, research gate, springer Link which is associated with
microbial ecology and semantic scholar. As per this, the website is used in such a way which
help to configure the essential factor. There is enormous factor which is used during the research
face. In context with this, the Pubmed.gov have the largest and huge data base in the field of
medical science and in medicine. This factor is connected with the research topic which help to
provide the extra knowledge and skill while researching. The Europe PMC and springer Link are
used in such a way to collect more relevant data and evidence to fulfil the effect and other
deviation that is perform to measure the data.
Inclusion and Exclusion criteria
ARTICLE 1: “Effect of in season (5 weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on
anaerobic performance and body composition on American football player”.
The inclusion criteria were:
3

1- Primary control which is essential in order to control the trail of English language.
2- Human who use supplement below 18 years.
3- The participants are randomised in various group which is taken at least one group who used
to get a supplement which is based on creatine and pyruvate phosphate.
4- Published in the last eight years.
5- Increase the rate of activity by using the creatine supplement.
The exclusion criteria were:
1- Human less than 18 years are using supplement.
2- Human without the creatine supplement.
3- Administration of creatine and pyruvate phosphate together with other compound which is act
as the creatine supplement in order to enhance the activity of body.
4- The research studies are older than 8 years (Bernat and et. al., 2019).
5- The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics studies were held and their treatment options are
verified.
Table 1: Inclusion and Exclusion criteria
Inclusion Criteria Exclusion Criteria
RCT's in English language No RCT is required
Adults which is more than 18 years with
creatine and pyruvate phosphate.
Children and adults which is less than 18 years
without using the creatine and pyruvate
phosphate.
Creatine and pyruvate phosphate Creatine and other compound which act as
similar
Published last eight years Study which is older than eight years
Creatine and pyruvate phosphate level are
measured.
Creatine and pyruvate phosphate level are not
measured.
Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetics
treatment options.
ARTICLE 2: “Long term effect of creatine mono hydrate on strength and power”.
4

The inclusion criteria were: this is used to create the control for the measurement which
is based on trial of English language, there are various factor which is based on and for the
human less than 18-year-old with factor long term effect of creatine mono hydrate. As per this,
the participants are used in order to know the fact which is one group got a creatine mono-
hydrate which is based on several type custom creatine factor. In this, there are various research
article which is published in the last ten years which is must be reviewed in way to know the
effect which is associated for the longer period of time with this. The creatine effect can lead
various dysfunction that is caused and this must be measured to retaliate the issue (Zhao and et.
al., 2017).
The exclusion criteria were: the human which is less than the 18-year-old. As per this, the
human which is excess without the compound which is create component such as creatine mono-
hydrate. There is various factor such as creatine mono-hydrate which is administrated by the
loop of factor. The measurable plan for the plasma which is adore in term of creatine mono-
hydrate and this was not measured. The pharmacological studies and their treatment options are
reviewed (Kaviani and et. al., 2020).
Table 2: Inclusion and Exclusion criteria
Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria
Used proper English language in term of RCT There is no any requirement of RCT
The adults must be less than the 18 years old
with the creatine mono-hydrate.
Children are which is less than the eighteen-
year-old are without creatine mono-hydrate.
Intake of creatine mono-hydrate Creatine and other substance which is used as
compound which act as same.
Published in last teen years Studies which is persist is established for ten
years approx.
Pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic
studies were held
Pharmacological studies are inter-vent
5

ARTICLE 3: “Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition. Strength and sprint
performance”
The inclusion criteria as per this article is based on the effect of creatine supplementation
on the body composition. In this the people random are selected with order to control the basic
trail of English language. The human and the adults who is below than the 18-year-old with the
creatine supplement. There are number of participants which is used to select where the least one
group and got a supplementation which is based on various factor such as they are provide the
essential factor of the creatine supplements. The idea of article and their research process are not
less than 10 years. The proper supplement of creatine were measured in the body.
The exclusion criteria of this article are human are less than eighteen-year-old. As per
this, they are used in such a way which without the creatine supplement and other compound
which is act as the creatine matter which is compound are phosphate and sulphate. In context
with this, the studies which is conducted in order to not less than 10 year older studies. The
creatine supplement are used to measure the essential factor. The pharmacological treatment that
is based on pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties are used to provide the
medication.
Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria
Language is based on RCT English No proper RCT language is used
The people which is used creatine supplement
are less than eighteen.
The people that are may be adult or children do
not use the creatine supplement or other then
this.
Intake of proper creatine supplement There is various factor which is used in
creatine and this is not regularise by number of
people due to their effect and factor.
Intervention is based on pharmacodynamic and
cokinetics.
ARTICLE 4: “Effect of 8 weeks of creatine supplementation on exercise performance and fat
free weight in the football player during training”
6

The inclusion criteria were primary which is randomised in nature and this all are must
control by the trail of English language. There is various factor which is more than eighteen-
year-old with the creatine supplement on exercise and that is based on the performance and fat
free weight which is usually help to measure the supplement which is intake by the individual in
order to increase the activity of physical and other aspect. There is various factor that is
published in the core of last ten years. There is measurement which is used to create the fasting
and supplement and as per this how it helps to enhance the property of performance in order to
create the virtue and power of football player. The creatine factor and their additive are used to
measure.
The exclusion criteria were there are number of human which is less than eighteen-year-
old. The human without the creatine supplement in order to enhance the performance in the
athletes. The administration which is based on the proper measurement which allow to complete
without the creatine factor and as per this they do not take this as a pulverisation because they do
not measure the other supplement. The studies are conducted which is older than the ten year.
There is various aspect by which the measurement is to be held and the pharmacological
treatment and their option are measurable.
Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria
RCT and their proper No RCT is required in order to make it proper
language.
Intake of creatine which is less than 18-year-
old.
There are number of people and number of
children. At this they are used to take down
and create the factor which age is more than 18
years old.
Formulation and process of creatine
supplement.
No regular use of creatine is followed for those
who is less than the age of eighteen-year-old.
Pharmacological aspect of view which is
taking into consideration.
7

ARTICLE 5: “Creatine supplementation during resistance training in college football
athletes”
The inclusion criteria are used to take the primary randomised proper of an English
language that is used. The human which is totally primary oriented and this is more than 18-year-
old which is used to follow the factor with creatine supplementation during the resistance in
college which is based on football athletes. The participants that is based on randomised in group
which is least one group got a creatine supplement and their additional additive that are act as
creatine elements (Sheikholeslami-Vatani and et. al., 2018).
The exclusion criteria which is more than other but less than 18-year-old. The human
which and without the creatine supplement have a proper manner of doing this. There are
number of pros and cons. In this the studies are usually older than the ten years which is
measured and counted. As per this, creatine level of was not usually measurable. There are
number of intervention of pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic treatment are taken.
Inclusion criteria Exclusion criteria
Proper English is required in order to create
the RCT
RCT is not required. As per this, they used to
create number of factor for the English
language.
Intake of the creatine supplement Not proper accumulation of creatine is measure
who is using the proper carbohydrate rather
than creatine.
More than 18 year with creatine supplement There are various number of supplement which
is act as creatine and their substitute.
Intervention which is based on various
pharmacological.
Screening and selection
ARTICLE 1: “Effect of in season (5 weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on
anaerobic performance and body composition on American football player”.
8

After the proper search and as per the resulting the references list was manually
formulated for the trial and surveillance which is inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied in
order to this. The appropriate abstract and keywords are used to create irrelevant trails. The
inclusion is 292 and their duplicate is 210 were it is excluded and remaining 57 were looking for
their eligibility. As per this, the number of article are used to side effect for the creatine and
pyruvate phosphate and calcium which is up to 70 percent. That create the effect in athletes.
ARTICLE 2: “Long term effect of creatine mono hydrate on strength and power”.
There is various analysis which is used to add more coded and analysed for energy that is
used in carbohydrate, fat and protein composition by using the Nutricia dietary analysis
application. As per this, results express as the mean deviation which is resolve in the evaluation
that was performed by using the paired test and unpaired test. The level of the statical
significance was set at partially which is less than 0.05 percent (Mielgo-Ayuso and et. al., 2019).
ARTICLE 3: “Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition. Strength and sprint
performance”
As per this, it is well established that the addition of creatine to the glucose, taurine and
electrolyte supplement are used to promote the efficieny that help to meausre the various
outcome. There are greater chances which is gain more fat and bone free mass in order to gain
isotonic lifting volume and they are lifting and they are used to sprint the resistance, agility and
which is based on their training.
ARTICLE 4: “Effect of 8 weeks of creatine supplementation on exercise performance and fat
free weight in the football player during training”
There is no any study which is conducted in the evaluation of the this which is measure
by statistically. In order to this, the effect which is based on their short term creatine
supplementation which has been reported and confined improve the maximal power and their
strength (Ellerbroek and et. al., 2018). That is up to the 5 to 15 percent. There is various work
which is used to perform in order to create the set of maximal repetitive sprint performance.
However, there are number of creatine supplement which have single efforts sprint performance.
They are actively reported in order gain more strength, fat free mass and performance which is
primary of high intensity exercise task. In context with this, the all studies which is helpful to
make the significant results. The effective nutritional ergogenic for the variety task in the number
of athletic and clinical popularity.
9

ARTICLE 5: “Creatine supplementation during resistance training in college football
athletes”
As per this, the repetitive measure which is indicated by the technique of INNOVA
which is used to occur between the Cr group and the other group which is totally depend on the
body weight, lean body mass and cell hydration. That used to create the strength which is peak a
torque up to 300 degrees. This all are recreated by the knee flexion and other percent during the
extension at 60 and 180 degrees. The globular muscular strength and they are used to content the
fluid remained statistical that is unchanged in nature for all the groups. Our finding which help to
indicate the supplement which is with resistance and anaerobic training which is used in such a
way that make to configure various augmentation that is seen with the loop of training
individually.
Quality assessment tool
ARTICLE 1: “Effect of in season (5 weeks) creatine and pyruvate supplementation on
anaerobic performance and body composition on American football player”.
The quality and the risk of the bias of the five factor of inclusive studies which used to
formulate the assessment using the various method such as critical appraisal skill programme
which is used to help to developed the evidence based approach in health and social care. As per
this, working with local and national and international groups which is used to this to maintain.
Critical appraisal skill programme aims to help individuals to synthesise develop to form the skill
and this is used to make the sense of creation in research gate and this help to apply the evidence
in practice (Curt and et. al., 2018).
ARTICLE 2: “Long term effect of creatine mono hydrate on strength and power”.
The quality of the risk of the factor of bias which is assessed in order to gain the better
and served research in which they help to give more knowledge and skill. This is a checklist was
chosen because it helps to discover the various essential factor which is used to generate more
and more selection that is based on performance, detection, attrition and used to provide the
factor that use to provide information regarding this (Mihic 2018).
ARTICLE 3: “Effect of creatine supplementation on body composition. Strength and sprint
performance”
10