Creative & Ethical Leadership in Construction: 360 Degree Appraisal

This report delves into the critical role of creative and ethical leadership in the construction industry, with a specific focus on the construction manager position within companies like Bechtel. The study employs a 360-degree appraisal method, utilizing questionnaires to assess the necessary skills for effective leadership. It reviews the target industry and job, emphasizing the importance of leaders who can motivate teams, manage projects, and foster innovation while adhering to ethical practices. The literature review explores creative ethical leadership, the 360-degree appraisal process, and the relevance of these concepts to the construction sector. The report presents data analysis from questionnaires and evaluates the findings in relation to the target job, ultimately aiming to identify key skills for construction managers to enhance operations and production within the construction industry. The conclusion summarizes the importance of these leadership traits for sustainable business practices.

CREATIVE & ETHICAL
LEADERSHIP

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
RESEARCH METHOD FOR 360 DEGREE..................................................................................1
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................2
Review of target industry and target job......................................................................................2
Creative ethical leadership...........................................................................................................4
360- degree appraisal...................................................................................................................5
QUESTIONNAIRE.........................................................................................................................6
DATA COLLECTIONS AND SOURCES.....................................................................................8
DATA ANALYSIS.........................................................................................................................9
Analysis of questionnaire............................................................................................................9
Evaluation in light of target job of construction manager in construction industry..................10
RESULTS......................................................................................................................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................12
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13
Appendix........................................................................................................................................14
Career Development Plan..............................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
The study aim to analyse the critical and ethical leadership which aid value in providing
suitable assistance to the business in enhancing their operations and production. Therefore,
leadership is all about termed as the form of leadership where individual demonstrate the
execution of the common good which is acceptable and appropriate in every area of their life.
(Duan, Liu and Che, 2018). The construction businesses mainly execute the building and
infrastructure work, therefore, if something is on the drawing sheet they make it actual by
constructing it for an amount on which both the client and business are agree. The chosen
business for this analysis is Bechtel. This is an American engineering procurement, construction
and the project management business which was founded in the year of 1906 by the efforts of
Warren A. Bechtel. The headquarter of the firm is in Reston, Virginia, United State. The firm is
committed for carrying out business practices in transparent addition to an ethical ways by
adhering effective corporate governance. Key focus of the car organisation is to make the
enterprise a sustainable luxury venture with the help of promotion responsibility together with
sustainable economic developments.
My target job in this industry is to work in construction business of a top repopulated
brand as a construction manager whose main role and responsibility is to manage production of
buildings as well as manage workforce working in construction department. It is determined that
construction manager of a construction business such as Bechtel is required to be a creative ad
ethical leader as well who can not only lead rather also motivate employees working under them
in manufacturing department so that production of cars can be increased.
Leadership is an art of motivating a group of people so that they can work together in
order to achieve a common goal and objective (Liu and et. al., 2020). In car factory, it is
extremely important for production manager to be effective, creative and ethical leaders so that
they can motivate their workforce in order to increase production and high- quality cars can be
manufacturers as per the needs and demand of end target customers. This project will lay
emphasis upon importance of creative and ethical leadership in car factory and skills required by
production managers working in car factories in order to become creative and ethical leaders.
RESEARCH METHOD FOR 360 DEGREE
There are two main types of data collection methods that can be used for 360- degree
appraisal, that are: primary and secondary data collection methods. Secondary data is a data that
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has already been published and can be collected from magazines, journals, government updates,
websites etc. Whereas primary data is a kind of data which is collected for the first time with the
help of survey, questionnaire, focus group and by many other techniques (Shapiro and
Stefkovich, 2016). Research method that will be used for 360- degree appraisal is primary data
collection method in which questionnaire will be used for data collection. There are various
methods with the help of which questionnaire can be filled some of the main methods used for
filling questionnaire are as follows: questionnaire filled by oneself, Psychometric test results
which is done online for evolution of one’s own skill set, questionnaire filled by peer or
classmates, filled by supervisor, customers, asking for formative feedback from tutors and many
more. Using one of these methods for questionnaire appropriate feedback can be collected so that
evaluation of one’s own skill can be done. Questionnaire will be consisting of few questions that
will be answered by us in order to identify skills required to become a creative and ethical leader
in production managers and will further help in identify current skills present and skills that are
required to be developed. This questionnaire for 360- degree appraisal will be filled by me and
my co-worker so that I can identify and evaluation my own qualities and skill set in Aston
martin. Other than this, for this project and evaluation of skills induction method which is used
for asserting truth of general preposition by considering a particular care that support it. So,
using questionnaire, skills required to be developed within production manager for becoming an
effective, creative and ethical leader will be identified. Induction method is basically used for
building theory so it can be used for developing theory for identification of opportunities for
production manager and skills required to become an ethical leader.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Review of target industry and target job
According to the view of Jürgens and Krzywdzinski, (2016) The construction business
execute the building and infrastructure work, whatever is there on drawing sheets, they make it
real through constructing it for an amount agreed upon before their clients construction business
concerned through buildings, bridges, dams and so on. Construction business are one of the most
important part of construction business as these are kind of factories where distinguished
technologies are used by organizations for designing of building, institutional and commercial
building, specialised industrial construction and infrastructure and heavy construction. Different
organizations in this construction industry have their own construction business for managing
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construction of their building production. Bechtel is a leading engineering business which
provides suitable building construction operations to the customers and the targeted job in this
field is construction manager as the manger is the individual who is responsible for managing all
the operations of the business and providing assistance to the employees to execute their efforts
in right manner to generate significant results. Construction results within the UK are more than
£110 billion per annum and the contributes in around 7% of the over all GDP therefore, this is
stated as per the guidance provided by Government Construction Strategy. Thus, this is around a
quarter of construction output is public sector and three-quarters is private sector. Construction is
encompasses over a industry which incurred high cost, high risk, long term activities and the so
its performance is a good indicator of the health of the wider economy. In the situation when the
economy falters, construction investment grinds to a halt but in case the economy brings to
recover, the construction business can easily overheat. According to O’Connor (2021), the
construction businesses in UK has experienced a solid return to the development in February
after the setback at the start of 2021, this presents as per the latest PMI information which is
complied through the IHS market.
Jürgens and Krzywdzinski, (2016) explains that construction are one of the most
important part of this industry organizations because if construction of the building constructed
by them is not good, appropriate and high quality then it will directly impact their overall sales
and customer satisfaction level. In order to maintain high quality constrction of the building,
house, government buildings and so on is important to be focused upon and for this it is
important for organizations to use advance digital technologies and high quality raw material to
ensure the safety and security of the construction. Jürgens and Krzywdzinski, (2016) further
explains that, It is important for construction businesses, because today due to advancement in
technology expectation of people from construction business is increasing as a result these
organizations need to focus upon adopting advance technology and raw materials like bricks,
iron, cement, and so on so that construction of building can be done as per their target customers
expectations. In context to Bechtel Corporation, reviewing target industry along with target job
by construction manager enables them for mindlessly pivot so to convert them into realities.
When thoughts become actions then it becomes easier for an occupational position to reach goals
along with objectives faster. Similarly, reviewing target market determines about the type of
methods to use so that production managers are able to design and produce something which
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potential addition to prospective consumers are expecting. This aid them to have knowledge
about best fit for business and breaking complex things down. Due to this, importance of
construction managers within construction business increases because construction need to not
only motivate workforce so that they can work together for development of high- quality
buildings but they are also responsible for enhancing their construction process, adopt advance
technology or raw material in an effective manner. This will help them to identify ways in which
they can reduce risk of building damage, reducing carbon footprint and ensuring safe
accommodation as well. Construction managers are required to be creative and ethical leaders so
that they can manage construction process effectively, motivate workforce, reduce energy
consumption, and enhance sustainability.
Creative ethical leadership
As per the view of Sternberg, (2016) leadership is a kind of action though which a group
of people within an organization are led towards success of towards achievement of a common
goal. Creative and ethical are two most important aspects of leadership that helps a leader to
become successfully and successfully lead their employees or staff members. Creative ethical
leadership can be defined as a kind of leadership that helps in promoting and demonstrating
normatively appropriate conduct through which employees’ actions can be maintained, effective
relationship with employees or followers can be maintained as well as creatively of followers or
employees can be enhanced. It is extremely important for construction manager working in
construction business to be creative ethical leaders so that they can led employees working in
construction department or construction of buildings to work effectively, maintain overall quality
of final construction and think of creative ideas though which improvement within overall
activities of can be brought and make the construction more effective. Sternberg, (2016) further
elaborates that, Creative and ethical leaders working in construction needs to manage and lead
people under them, take effective leadership decisions so that employees can work on thinking of
creative ideas though which improvement within work of employees can be brought, creativity
within construction process can be brought so that resource usage can be reduced and
sustainability can be achieved. Not only this, such kind of leaders also thinks of creative ideas
though which interest of all the stakeholders and shareholders of organization can be maintained.
Construction business, for example Bechtel Corporation need to have creative ethical leaders so
that organization can remain innovative, by working on innovative and creative ideas for
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bringing improvement within overall services or activities in ethical manner. Such kind of
leaders tends to be creative, develop creative conditions under which all the employees can work
ethically.
360- degree appraisal
According to the view of Iordanoglou, (2018) 360- degree appraisal is a kind of process in
which feedback is provided to an individual from colleagues, supervisors, staff members for
sometimes though self- evaluation on gathered. 360- degree appraisal can help in gathering and
evaluating feedback so that one can understand their own behaviour from variety of sources in
order to bring improvement within one self. It is one of the most effective tool which is used by
managers or leaders of senior or top level for employees so that they can evaluate overall
performance of employees, provide feedback to them so that employees can bring improvement
within their overall performance and achieve defined goals and objectives in an appropriate
manner. Iordanoglou, (2018) further explains that, it is further used by managers or leaders for
development of proper and effective training and development program so that creativity within
employees can be enhanced, improvement within their overall performance can be brought so
that desired objective or goal can be achieved. Within car factories this, 360- degree appraisal
method is extremely important to be used because using this method leaders can make their
employees understand skills that are required to be developed by them in order to bring
improvement within themselves and they can also develop skills that can help an individual in
becoming effective ethical and creative future leaders and can further help in opening future
career growth opportunities for them. Within Bechtel Corporation, 360 degree appraisal have
high chances for enhancing self awareness, building confidence, devising culture of openness,
increasing accountability and fostering continuous improvements. Therefore, the construction
manager of business is more able to recognise own faults and weaknesses and work over them to
resolve in more effective manner and generating effective construction for enhancement of
business operations.
According to the view of Iordanoglou, (2018), it can also be said that 360 degree is an
evaluation process in which information can be gained from multiple sources like from oneself,
colleagues, supervisors, sub ordinates etc.
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QUESTIONNAIRE
Questionnaire below will be filled by oneself in order to evaluate oneself, our own skills,
capabilities, behaviour and performance in order to understand whether one is capable of
becoming an ethical leader or not. Below questionnaire will help oneself to evaluate their own
ethical, creative and general leadership capabilities.
Please fill below questionnaire for self- evaluation:
 Do you think you can help others to gain control over their emotions and behaviour even
when they are involved in high- pressure situations within construction business?
 Needs improvement
 Could benefit from development
 Performance as expected
 Above average
 expert
 Do you think you work as an ethical or creative leader in construction business to being a
construction manager?
 Needs improvement
 Could benefit from development
 Performance as expected
 Above average
 expert
 Do you learn from others mistakes and how do you use them to gain learning?
 Needs improvement
 Could benefit from development
 Performance as expected
 Above average
 expert
 Do your colleagues or sub-ordinates get motivated or influenced from your opinion while
working on a construction process?
 Needs improvement
 Could benefit from development
 Performance as expected
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 Above average
 expert
 Do you tend to take responsibilities of your own actions or decisions in relation to
construction business to being a construction manager?
 Needs improvement
 Could benefit from development
 Performance as expected
 Above average
 Expert
 What are some ways through which you evaluate your self as a construction manager?
 Mentoring
 Gathering Feedback
 Video or audio recording
 Is self evaluation helpful in achieving personal goals for a professional career like
construction manager?
 Yes
 No
 Did you set as well as maintain high standards for yourself while working as a construction
manager?
 Yes
 No
 With whom you communicate when your need help for guidance in the profession?
 Senior authorities
 Peers
 Family Members
 How do you examine best practice for similar work?
 Knowledge sharing tools
 Note taking Apps
 Corporate consultation
 Is your working is something that you are proud of as well as would show to larger
audience?
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 Yes
 No
 How often do you openly share your feelings and thoughts with others?
 Always
 Sometimes
 Rarely
 How you would like to relate your potentials at the time of receiving instructions from the
higher authority?
 Far above average
 Above average
 Average
 Below average
 Which systems combine superior along with self evaluating systems in the enterprise?
 Graphic rating scale
 Management By Objective
 Forced Choice
 How do you see recognition in the venture by making?
 Promotion
 Assignment of complex and interesting tasks
 A pat on back on an employee
DATA COLLECTIONS AND SOURCES
For data collection primary data collection method will be used. In order to collect
primary data questionnaire as a tool has been used so that one can do evaluation on self-
appraisal. This questionnaire will be filled by 360- degree appraisal method and will be filled by
oneself and my co-worker. I will fill this questionnaire using 360- degree method in order to
evaluate myself for understand whether I have ethical, creative and general leadership
capabilities in order to become an ethical and creative leader or not. So it can be said that data
collection method chosen for this self- evaluation is questionnaire of 360 degree and source of
data collection is oneself. The questionnaire is designed hypothetically
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DATA ANALYSIS
Analysis of questionnaire
 Do you think you can help others to gain control over their emotions and behaviour even
when they are involved in high- pressure situations within construction business?
Me: Performance as expected
Co-worker: Above average
 Do you think you work as an ethical or creative leader in construction business to being a
construction manager?
Me: Performance as expected
Co-worker: could benefit from development
 Do you learn from others mistakes and how do you use them to gain learning?
Me: expert
Co-worker: could benefit from development
 Do your colleagues or sub-ordinates get motivated or influenced from your opinion while
working on a construction process?
Me: expert
Co- worker: Above average
 Do you tend to take responsibilities of your own actions or decisions in relation to
construction business to being a construction manager?
Me: Expert
Co- worker: Above average
 What are some ways through which you evaluate your self as a construction manager?
Me: Mentoring
Co-worker: Video or audio recording
 Is self evaluation helpful in achieving personal goals for a professional career like
construction manager?
Me: Yes
Co-worker: No
 Did you set as well as maintain high standards for yourself while working as a construction
manager?
Me: No
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Co-worker: Yes
 With whom you communicate when your need help for guidance in the profession?
Me: Senior authorities
Co-worker: Family Members
 How do you examine best practice for similar work?
Me: Knowledge sharing tools
Co-worker: Corporate consultation
 Is your working is something that you are proud of as well as would show to larger
audience?
Me: Yes
Co-worker: No
 How often do you openly share your feelings and thoughts with others.
Me: Always
Co-worker: Rarely
 How you would like to relate your potentials at the time of receiving instructions from the
higher authority?
Me: Above average
Co-worker: Average
 Which systems combine superior along with self evaluating systems in the enterprise?
Me: Management By Objective
Co-worker: Forced Choice
 How do you see recognition in the venture?
Me: A pat on back on an employee
Co-worker: Promotion
Evaluation in light of target job of construction manager in construction industry
As a construction manager it is my first and the foremost responsibility to motivate my
sub- ordinates so that they can work upon their performance, participate within raining and
development program in order to enhance their current skills and qualities so that desired goal
can be achieved. I do have ability to influence and motivate my colleagues or sub ordinates so
that they can focus upon bringing improvement within their own skills and qualities. Another
important skill that a construction manager working in Bechtel Corporation posses is to help
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