Western Sydney University: Sex Trafficking and Globalisation Essay

This essay examines the intricate relationship between globalization, neoliberalism, and sex trafficking, focusing on how these forces facilitate and exacerbate this global crime. The introduction establishes the significance of sex trafficking as a global issue and highlights the need to understa...Read More

Running head: CRIME, DEVIANCE AND SOCIETY
WESTERN SYDNEY UNIVERSITY
Crime, Deviance and Society
Noorhan Mutar
Analyse the role of ‘globalisation’ and ‘neo-liberalism’ of Sex Trafficking

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Introduction
The purpose of the following essay is to determine the role of the
globalization and neo-liberalism in the facilitation of sex trafficking. Sex
trafficking has become a global problem with many countries and their
respective governments trying to cope with this matter in the hardest way
(Siskin and Wyler 2012). The emphasis of the government has always been
to find out the root cause of the problem, analyse them properly and make
recommendations on how the problem could be solved. It has been noticed
in some cases that some of the organisations are engaged in the practice of
using the cheap labour for their operations. The discussion will be aiming at
understanding the problem of sex trafficking and the manner in which
globalization and neo- globalization plays a role influencing the organized
crimes. Lastly, the discussion will be including preventive measures that
might be considered by the government organizations in order to avoid sex
trafficking.
The problem of sex trafficking and the organized crime
The sex trafficking has been condemned as a crime in several countries in
the world.
Sex trafficking is human trafficking, which is undertaken with the purpose of sexual
exploitation. The two aspects that characterizes trafficking are supply and demand. The sexual
exploitation is dependent on the direct or channeled interaction between the trafficker and the
customers with the objective of enhanced monetary gains of the trafficker and the satisfaction of

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the customers. The movement of the sex trafficking crimes is defined as acquisition, movement,
and exploitation.
. As the researchers have observed, women and children who do not have
the normal social advantages are the most vulnerable to being trafficked.
Apart from the women and children, some men can also be included in this
list of the trafficked human beings (Alvarez and Alessi 2012). It is very
important to note that these women and children are always in search of
some working opportunities to run their livelihoods. This need for the
working opportunities exposes them to potential exploitation by the agents
of the human trafficking industry (Lee 2013).The criminal syndicates very
often lure the young aged and middle-aged women to live a better life with
modern lifestyle and finally they land as the trafficked women indeed. These
widely varied job opportunities have been very much deceptive, and they are
mostly found in the foreign countries. These susceptible job opportunities
have been much luring and they are left with no other option but to grab it.
This can largely be called or termed as the ‘web of deceit’ (Alvarez and
Alessi 2012). The sex trafficked men, women and children find it already too
late to escape from this deceitful situation. The job opportunities in the
foreign countries are techniques to attract the women into this sex
trafficking industry where they are then subjected to slavery and forced labor
(Shelley 2013).

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Role of globalization in sex-trafficking
The sex trafficking industry is a huge one and the culprits have been running
the business exceptionally well (Weitzer 2014), ‘globalisation’ is crucial to
this successful trafficking across multiple countries. Globalization is the process of
increasing the interaction and integration among people from different regions, customs and
cultures. The development of communicability and transportation facilities has helped the
businesses undertaking their growth in the diverse fields. The growth of interactions and
integrated functioning has helped businesses in enhancing the scopes of expansion beyond the
boundaries of their respective nations (Weitzer 2014).
Enhanced communicability and transportation facilities have enhanced the crime rates
relating to sex trafficking. Enhanced communication with the clients helps the traffickers in
establishing sound interactions with the customers. On the other hand, the enhancement in the
transportation networks helped the traffickers in supplying the human commodities to the target
customers more feasibly. Globalization has supported the growth of the organized crimes
through the different amendments like enhanced communicability and transportation, which
helped the traffickers in adhering to the sex related demands of the high profile customers.
The entire world is no more limited by the cross borders of the nations.
The multinational organisations in different countries always like to expand
and they are in need of the cheap labour resources to run their operations in
a smooth manner (Cecchet and Thoburn 2014). In order to cope up with the
challenges the government has to be much prominent indeed.. According to

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the critics, it can be said that the organisational managers always look to
make the most of the resources as they thrive to make the most profits.
The Role of Neoliberalism in sex trafficking
While globalisation makes sex trafficking possible on a global scale it is the
“neoliberal” global economy that makes sex trafficking profitable and is one
of the most important factors of human or sex trafficking.The global
economy is an important influence for the betterment of the life living
standards, but it can also have negative consequences.
The concept of Neo- liberalism refers to the 20th-century revival of 19th-century ideas
associated with laissez-faire economic liberalism. The idea of neo- liberalism refers to the
different elements of deregulations and free trades, which has helped in the growth of the
different enterprises across the globe. The policies that were focused during the neo –liberalism
age was focused on the privatization of the business operations and reductions in different
government spending (Kempadoo, Sanghera and Pattanaik 2015). The neo- liberalistic society
focused on the growth of the private sector enterprises against the functioning of the government
enterprise, which has brought about significant changes in the social structure and functioning.
Neo- liberalism supported the growth of organized crimes like human trafficking as
slaves and for sexual purposes due to the privatization of the social structure and organizations
and enhancement of the free trade options. It has helped the traffickers in cutting costs while
supplying the human commodities to the clients. Minimization of government interventions
through tax and excise duties has helped in the growth of the organized crimes.

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As per the scholars, it can be said that the various states and nations are
largely dependent on each other and they have to exchange the various
commodities for the betterment of their operations (Weitzer 2014). Only this
exchange of the commodities will lead to the profitable business outcomes
for the global business managers. This creates a global demand for the
‘commodity’ of sex, and therefore the demand for this sex trafficking
industry is prominently insatiable. This is why it is very much important to
note that the sex traffickers belong to the big criminal syndicates.
Protection and prevention against globalized sex trafficking
The protection and prevention are most relevant things in order to cope up
with the problems of the human trafficking.
Key challenges and solutions
Trafficking transgresses state borders and state jurisdiction. In the context of
globalisation all governments around the world must make the collective
efforts in this juncture as the sex trafficking do not abide by the state
boundaries anymore. It is challenging for the national governments of all the
countries to take the preventive measures against this. As this is a crime,
new legal frameworks should be designed in order to stop these people from
engaging in this sort of practice (Jonsson 2012). Various internal Non-
Government Organisations (NGO)s should come up forward and join hands

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with the national and state law-enforcement agencies so they can design
some new laws that will be a hammering blow to these human traffickers.
The implementation of the laws will be very much important for successfully
eradicating this social evil of the sex trafficking all over the world. The law
enforcement institutions should also make the proper arrangements for the
betterment of the situation in numerous ways. As this affects the humanity in
large ways, the government organisations will have to take the proper strict
actions.A second problem here is it is difficult to identify the source of the
problem as traffickers may work across multiple jurisdictions. Counter
trafficking measures would need to identify all the culprits who are indulged
in this sex trafficking industry and manipulating the children and women
towards the slavery. The Governments in the several countries will surely
increase the counter-trafficking efforts and this will cater to the betterment
of the situation (Goodhart 2016The governments and the United Nations will
have to work together to form a law-enforcement network that would
seriously cater to the betterment of the situation (Michalowski and Kramer
2013). According to the critics, this network will help to identify the several
opportunities by which the police force will identify the culprits.Finally, The
Governments of the several countries must note the fact that local poverty
and job opportunities makewomen vulnerable to being trafficked. Therefore,
some critics have shared their opinions in this light and they have opined
that the Government must put in the efforts to provide the education to the
little children and create job opportunities for all the classes in the society

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(Kempadoo, Sanghera and Pattanaik 2015).The equal education
opportunities will have to be provided to the women and children of the
society. It will protect the women from going foreign countries and get
deceived.
Conclusion
As per the above discussion, the essay can be concluded that the human and
sex trafficking has been one of the biggest social evils in this century. The
responsibility lies largely on the government on how they would cope up with
this challenge and save the numerous men, women and children. This has
affected the humanity and the future of many people within the world. This is
why the social evil practice should be eliminated from the society that should
lead to the betterment of the surrounding and new hopes for the upcoming
times could be transpired.
References

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Alvarez, M.B. and Alessi, E.J., 2012. Human trafficking is more than sex
trafficking and prostitution: Implications for social work. Affilia, 27(2), pp.142-
152.
Brysk, A. and Choi-Fitzpatrick, A. eds., 2012. From human trafficking to
human rights: Reframing contemporary slavery. University of Pennsylvania
Press.
Cecchet, S.J. and Thoburn, J., 2014. The psychological experience of child
and adolescent sex trafficking in the United States: Trauma and resilience in
survivors. Psychological trauma: theory, research, practice, and policy, 6(5),
p.482.
Goodhart, M. ed., 2016. Human rights: politics and practice. Oxford
university press.
Jonsson, A. ed., 2012. Human trafficking and human security. Routledge.
Kempadoo, K., Sanghera, J. and Pattanaik, B., 2015. Trafficking and
prostitution reconsidered: New perspectives on migration, sex work, and
human rights. Routledge.
Lee, M., 2013. 1 Introduction: Understanding human trafficking. In Human
trafficking (pp. 13-37). Willan.
Michalowski, R. and Kramer, R., 2013. Transnational environmental crime.
In Handbook of Transnational Crime and Justice. SAGE Publications Inc..

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Shelley, L., 2013. 6 Human trafficking as a form of transnational crime.
In Human trafficking (pp. 128-149). Willan.
Siskin, A. and Wyler, L.S., 2012. Trafficking in persons: US policy and issues
for congress. Washington, DC: Congressional Research Service.
Vlassis, D. and Williams, P., 2013. Combating transnational crime: concepts,
activities and responses. Routledge.
Weitzer, R., 2014. New directions in research on human trafficking. The
ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 653(1),
pp.6-24.