David Game College HND: Crime Reduction and Safety Detailed Report

This report delves into the multifaceted aspects of crime reduction and community safety. It begins by outlining the methods police use to record crime, differentiating between incident reporting and the use of tools like incident logs. The report then contrasts these methods with alternative approaches like the Crime Survey for England and Wales, highlighting the strengths of official statistics, victim surveys, and offender surveys in measuring crime. A significant portion of the report is dedicated to the impact of crime and disorder, both on individual victims, exploring physical, psychological, and social effects, and on communities, including economic and social consequences such as rising insurance premiums and declining property values. Furthermore, the report examines the legislative framework that defines organizational responsibilities in crime reduction, emphasizing the roles of various public services and agencies, including the police and courts. The report also outlines key factors underpinning crime reduction strategies and describes local and national strategies used to tackle crime and disorder, emphasizing the importance of a multi-sectoral and integrated approach. Overall, the report provides a comprehensive overview of crime recording, its impact, and the various strategies employed to mitigate its effects on society.

CRIME REDUCTION
AND SAFETY

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................3
P1 Describe how crime is recorded by the police.......................................................................3
P2 Explain how the Crime Survey for England and Wales offers an alternative method of
measuring crime..........................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
P3 Describe the impact of crime and disorder on victims..........................................................5
P4 Explain the impact of crime and disorder on communities...................................................5
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
P5 Outline the main legislation that sets out organisations’ responsibilities in crime reduction6
P6 Explain the role and responsibilities of a range of public services and related agencies in
addressing crime and disorder.....................................................................................................7
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................7
P7 Outline the factors that underpin crime reduction strategies.................................................7
P8 Describe a range of local and national strategies used to tackle crime and disorder.............8
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
This report is based on the different methods which are used to record crime and help in
understanding work of public services which includes several obligations implemented to
address crime. This report help in understanding roles and responsibilities with regards to crime
reduction strategies and developing suitable model for the society in order to prevent from any
type of crime. This report focuses on how crime is recorded by police and how crime affects the
community. It includes several points to tackle crime and disorder as it is important to implement
suitable strategies for prevention of crime in society (Berlusconi, 2017).
TASK 1
P1 Describe how crime is recorded by the police
There are several points which are included in recording the crime by police and these
points are mentioned below which are included in process of recording the crime:
Incident reporting and recording
Incident or crime which are reported to police are related with safety of public and welfare of the
society. There are various ways by which crime can be recorded by police which are mentioned
below:
 Victims, Witnesses or other third parties can report to police officer or member of police
staff on the street or at the counter of police station.
 Victims and Witnesses can report crime by reporting at police control rooms
 Report of crime or incident can be reported by online mode
 There are social service agencies which can help victims and witnesses in reporting crime
to police.
All reports related to crime or incident which are reported by victims or witnesses should be
registered as an incident report by police whether it is related with crime or not. It should be
recorded on authenticated system which can be incident log or a record on crime system. When

police records an incident or crime, police staff gives an code to the incident log (Braga and et.
al., 2019). Opening codes help in understanding nature of incident and opening codes are
considered important as it help in staff members of police to understand the nature of crime and
incident. It also helps in prioritizing the resources according to nature of incident. During
recording an incident, police staff members have to specify the nature of incident such as
violence, robbery, burglary etc.
P2 Explain how the Crime Survey for England and Wales offers an alternative method of
measuring crime
There are several methods which are used by England and Wales to measure crime as
there are several alternative methods used by police to understand the nature of crime and also
focusing measuring crime effectively and efficiently.
One way of measuring crime is official statistics which is explained as measuring and comparing
statistics of provided by government agencies and bodies which includes police, courts and
prisons. This method help in attaining accurate data for measuring the crime and its authenticity
is considered at high level. This method help in understand nature of crime which is occurring
most in country and help in framing suitable strategies and plans to control the crime and
disorder. This method is consider effective due to its reliable data as it is gained from trusted
government agency (Chalfin and et. al., 2021).
Another method that is used for measuring crime is Victim Surveys as it help in collecting first
hand data from the victims which experienced crime or incident in past scenario. British Crime
survey is the example of this as this agency measures the amount of crime in England and Wales.
This survey is based on the people who have experienced crime or incident in the past and
whether they have reported it to police or not. Strength for this method is that it is used for large
number of people and it help in analysing rate of crime and help in understanding how much
people are affected by this.
Another method for that is used for measuring crime is offender surveys as it help in
understanding behaviour and attitudes of offenders or people which committed crime in the past.
This method help in understanding behaviour of offender in relation with use of drugs and
alcohol. This method helps in identifying risk factors and focusing on preventing individual from
developing offender thinking (Crowl, 2017).

TASK 2
P3 Describe the impact of crime and disorder on victims
Crime and disorder make negative impact on victims as it can affect their perception,
thinking, attitude etc. There are several points under impact of crime and disorder on victims
which are mentioned below:
 Physical effects on the body of victim due to the crime which included violence.
 Inconvenience to victim due to theft or direct costs due to damage of victim property.
 Guilt of becoming the victim of crime and it creates negative feeling which cannot be
prevented.
 There are several psychological effects of crime which can be developed in victim such
as anger, fear, depression and anxiety. In serious cases, victim can experience
sleeplessness, flashback of incident etc.
 Victims may suffer anxiety due to the crime and it can affect feelings of victim which can
leads to shock and worries about revictimisation.
 Crime or incident can affect the social life or work life of victim. It also affects the
lifestyle of victim and create fear among victim of being revictimisation.
It is very unpredictable to understand impact and effects of crime on victim and how victim will
react to it. Individual react different to crime or incident as people react in different ways to
similar crime (Lim and Wilcox, 2017). Effects of crime can be felt by individual which also
includes its family members. Victim suffers with fear of revictimisation and it can spread shock
among victim and its family members. Sometimes effect can only be short-term as victims may
find different ways to cope with their fears and it can be possible with help of friends and family
of victims. Sometimes victims suffers with long-term effects which can overcome by psychiatric
or psychological help.
P4 Explain the impact of crime and disorder on communities
Crime can affect communities in negative way and it can make major impact on
communities (Piza and et. al., 2019). Crime can create social and economic problems to
individuals and communities. Crime does not just affect individuals. It also affects communities
in several ways which are mentioned below:
 High crime rates may affect people of society as it can create fear among their mind.

 Life insurance and home insurance premiums can rise due rise in crime rate.
 Property prices may be affected by crime and disorder in community.
 High crime rate can affect new businesses and it can affect existing businesses also due to
increase in crime and incidents.
It can affect the desire of people to move to higher mobility of actual residents as people will
think negatively about the mobility which have high crime rates. It can affect the house values
and affects local involvement of people in society. Crimes such as robbery in banks and
insurance companies have decline trust of people in it and it is affecting business of organisation
(Visconti, 2020).
TASK 3
P5 Outline the main legislation that sets out organisations’ responsibilities in crime reduction
Crime reduction and prevention is explained as strategies which is used to reduce the risk
of crimes which are occurring and reducing the effects of those crimes in order to make society
better for individual. Crime prevention and reduction is considered as multi-sectoral, multi-
disciplinary and integrated endeavour. In 2008, Economic and Social Council have its resolution
2008/24 Strengthening prevention of urban crime and takes and integrated approach.
Organisation which are contributing in crime prevention have to focus on betterment of society
by effective campaigns and by making the society better for living. Organisation contributes
actively in prevention and reduction of crime as organisation are putting up efforts for
controlling crime (Walters, 2017). Organisation works with several national and local agencies
which includes UN, civil society organisation, business sector etc. Government have vital role in
reducing crime and prevention of crime and there are basic principle for reduction of crime such
as:
 Social and economic development and inclusion
 Cooperation and partnership
 Sustainability and Partnership
 Knowledge base
 Human rights
These principles which are followed by

P6 Explain the role and responsibilities of a range of public services and related agencies in
addressing crime and disorder
To resolve issues related to crime, communities need to understand problems and how to
tackle them. In order to prevent crime police play vital role as it is the body which closely works
with public and communities in order to prevent the crime. It is possible through encourage
collaborative approaches between police and citizens in order to prevent and control crime in
society. After police, courts play vital role in restoring justice as prosecutors contribute in
prevention and controlling of crime by lawyers, legal aid providers and volunteers which assists
in to provide justice. Community participation plays vital role in preventing and controlling
crime. Justice also needs active participation of citizens and local organisation as it helps in
preventing the crime. Community involvement is considered essential for crime prevention in
current scenario. Law enforcement agencies around the world are focusing on strengthening their
relationship with communities as it help in preventing crime and controlling crime. Police and
courts are vital part in controlling crime and disorder as these bodies are important in
maintaining peace in the society. Citizens believes in their work and trust their justice system
which is important in controlling crime.
TASK 4
P7 Outline the factors that underpin crime reduction strategies
Crime reduction strategies are implemented in order to control and prevent crime in a
society. Crime reduction strategies are based on goals and objectives of providing justice to
individuals of society and to focus on reducing the crime in society. Police and courts plays vital
role in implementing effective crime reduction strategies by collaboration of society and
individuals. There are several crime prevention strategies that can be used to reduce
opportunities for crime which are mentioned below:
 Installing electronic alarms, CCTV, patrolling parties and neighbourhood watch as these
equipments help in increasing formal surveillance.
 Natural surveillance can be improved by improving street lighting.
 Increasing controls of both access and exit.
 Concealing or removing targets that is easy to steal such as jewellery, cash, mobile
phones etc.

Another prevention strategies which can be implemented to maintain physical security and
focusing on natural surveillance.
P8 Describe a range of local and national strategies used to tackle crime and disorder
High levels of crime pose threat on the people of society as it can lead to loss of life or
property. Crime results in the deprivation of rights as rights and freedom which constitution are
threaten by victim of crime. The local and national strategies aims to tackle crime and disorder
and it also helps in sharing the vision and mission of government towards prevention of crime in
society. These strategies are implemented in order to maximize civil society participation and in
maintaining crime prevention activities. Strategies are based on the analysis by conducting
different survey and collecting data from by the help of victims and offenders. These analysis
helps in understanding mindset of victims and offenders as data is used to understand crime rate
and focusing on preventing crime rate growth.
CONCLUSION
This report help in concluding about importance of crime reduction strategy in
development of society and its individuals. This report includes information about different
crime reduction strategies which are implemented by UK and how these strategies help in
prevention of activities related to crime and importance in controlling crime. This report
concludes about the effects of crime on victims and society as it can be analysed by gathering
data which is possible through through various survey such as victim survey, offender surveys.
This report also concludes about the roles and responsibilities of public organisation in
controlling crime.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Berlusconi, G., 2017. Social network analysis and crime prevention. In Crime Prevention in the
21st Century (pp. 129-141). Springer, Cham.
Braga, A.A., and et. al., 2019. Hot spots policing of small geographic areas effects on crime.
Campbell Systematic Reviews, 15(3), p.e1046.
Chalfin, A., and et. al., 2021. Reducing crime through environmental design: Evidence from a
randomized experiment of street lighting in new york city. Journal of Quantitative
Criminology, pp.1-31.
Crowl, J. N., 2017. The effect of community policing on fear and crime reduction, police
legitimacy and job satisfaction: an empirical review of the evidence. Police Practice and
Research. 18(5). pp.449-462.
Lim, H. and Wilcox, P., 2017. Crime-reduction effects of open-street CCTV: Conditionality
considerations. Justice Quarterly. 34(4). pp.597-626.
Piza, E. L., and et. al., 2019. CCTV surveillance for crime prevention: A 40‐year systematic
review with meta‐analysis. Criminology & Public Policy. 18(1). pp.135-159.
Visconti, G., 2020. Policy preferences after crime victimization: panel and survey evidence from
Latin America. British Journal of Political Science. 50(4). pp.1481-1495.
Walters, R., 2017. THE" DREAM" OF MULTI-AGENCY CRIME PREVENTION: PITFALLS
IN POLICY AND PRACTICE. Perspectives on Crime Reduction, p.273.