Offender Profiling: Understanding Criminal Behavior and Motivations

This report provides an overview of offender profiling, a crucial aspect of criminology used to analyze criminal behavior and infer attributes of offenders. It discusses the classification of crimes into organized and disorganized categories, focusing on serial killers and rapist typologies. The report elaborates on different types of murder, including visionary, hedonistic, and power/control, and examines the psychological factors driving such crimes. It also delves into the demographics of unknown offenders, considering gender, age, profession, and IQ. Furthermore, the report explores psychological theories of crime, emphasizing the role of thoughts, feelings, and psychosexual development. Finally, it outlines measures to control offender actions, such as analyzing crime scene locations and understanding the modus operandi of serial offenders, highlighting the importance of recognizing patterns and fantasies to identify and apprehend criminals. This document is available on Desklib, a platform offering a range of study tools and resources for students.

Offender Profiling

Table of Contents
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................2
Main Body............................................................................................................................................3
Conclusion ...........................................................................................................................................9
References .........................................................................................................................................10
Introduction
The major aspect of criminology is offender profiling which also known as analysis of criminal
background to know the nature of crime from its uniform pattern or behaviour inferring about its
attribute and various character of offender(Amankwaa and McCartney, 2018). The effect of such
theory is not applicable in court of law due to following as firstly, it only gives brief about
personality of such offender but does not constitute actually identify such individual specifically.
Secondly, the factual description is not supported reason being lack of evidence. But is proved to be
essential and helpful source in case where police conducts investigation. The application indeed
aided in many exceptional cases holding value as forensic instrument. Variety of criminal suits
dealt under this are psephology post-mortem including profile of victim, where person committed
suicide or being questioned for attempting it. This report mainly covers classification and forms of
crime. It elaborates various types of murder and rapist typology in committing such act with respect
to case. Further talking about key factors to recognize such criminal by analysing its gender, race,
IQ, residence, profession, vehicle used and suggesting measure by adopting means revealing
identity of offender.
Main Body
The word crime refers to an unlawful act which is totally not acceptable by the society. The crime is
an act which is against the law and order of the country. The crime hinders the development of the
society and the country as a whole(Abreu Minero, et.al, 2018). So, in order to maintain peace and
order in the country, the legislature had made several laws. These laws provide for the punishments
relating to that particular crime done by the criminal.
Crime can be classified into two categories as follows-
1. Organised Crimes: The organised crimes are those crimes that are done in an organised

way. These are the crimes that are pre planned by the offender. The organised criminals are
very clever. They do crime in such a way that they do not left any evidence at the scene of
the crime. They are the experts in doing crime. They are generally friendly in nature in
starting(Davies and Woodhams, 2019)..
The organised crime can be further classified into different categories namely human trafficking,
drugs abuse, organised illegal emigration, counterfeiting, cyber crime, serial killing, etc.
2. Disorganised crimes: The disorganised crimes are those crimes that are not pre planned as
in the case of organised crime. The offenders in case of disorganised crimes are not experts.
They have poor skills while doing crime. They have difficulties while talking to people and
are not friendly in nature. They are generally introvert people who are not having the skill to
do crime regularly. They are anti social and don't live at one place for too long.
In the given case, the offender is a serial killer and had done an organised crime. The serial killer is
a type of criminal who commit the same crime in the series due to some psychological disorder. The
necessary condition for the serial killer is the criminal must murder at-least three people in a series
with the same techniques. Here, the offender did the same offence of rape and murder in a series
with four girls belonging to same age group. Further, the crime done by the offender is organised
crime in nature. The offender was pre planned while committing the crime. This can be ascertain by
the case as all the girls belongs to the same age group with same hair colour blonde. All the girls
were working professionals. They were firstly taken to a private place where they were brutally
raped by the offender. The offender neither used his own vehicle while committing the crime nor he
used his own place. Moreover, all the girls were taken to the forest after they were raped and
murdered. This shows that the offender was pre planned. Hence, it was an organised crime(Fox and
Farrington, 2018).
There are basically four types of murder typologies namely visionary, mission oriented, hedonistic
and power/ control. They are generally the serial killers typologies that are discussed below-
1. Visionary- In this type of murder, the person committing the offence believes that some
other person is commanding him to murder. Generally, in these types of cases the person
commanding is suffering from some psychological disorder. The person who is committing
the offence is forced to do such crime. Moreover, these type of people suffers from
hallucinations , hearing unreal voices which is the result of stress in their minds after
committing such type of serious crimes. These type of people also believe in
delusions(Almond, Matin and McManus, 2021)..
2. Hedonistic Serial Killer: These are the most common type of criminals now a days. These

type of criminal commits the crime only for pleasure. The crime of rape is the most common
crime under this category. Many criminals also do crime in this type for earning more and
more money through which they can earn more and more money. The hedonistic serial killer
can be further sub divided into three categories namely lust, thrill and comfort.
In the given case, the offender is Hedonistic Serial killer sub categorised with lust killer. The
offender was the lust killer as in all the four cases, he murdered the girls only after raping them
brutally. He selected all the girls of same age group from 25 to 35 years of age. All the girls had
blonde hairs with similar looks which shows that he was a serial killer. The offence that he
committed was of rape and he did so only to satisfy his needs of pleasure. There were no other
reasons for doing such a serious offence like rape and then murder(Davies and Woodhams, 2019).
The classification of typologies of rape are of various kinds which permits the interrogator to look
at whole picture of offence. With furtherance to examine the uniform behaviour of criminal. The
nature of rapist is observed to research and investigate crime in terms of hostility being through
tools or expression(Fox, et.al, 2020). Under the expressive hostile behaviour are discussed which
closely infer with the scenario-
Power Assertive Rapist: Such offenders have very less aggression and pleasure
does not play important role in committing crime. Criminals in this aspect of rape generally
shows selfish behaviour. The main root cause of such attack is due to lack of confidence and
sense of security in rapists. They use sex as an object in securing their manhood, strength
and supremacy. It mainly engages with victim inflicting bodily harm sexually. The intention
of individual is to cause injury, demean, mortify the person. It also lacks its psychological
senses by doing brutal act like dragging and grasping etc. There is absence of humanity and
empathy using victim as tool of pleasure authorising its dominance over it. The theory is
related with case as in the recent scenario also the pattern of offender showed the
psychological behaviour of unsubscribed criminal. Targeting certain kinds of woman and
inflicting its action without having any concern towards them. For instance hanging in
forest, stabbing after killing them, washing and trimming their hair so that no evidence is
found.
Anger Retaliation Rapist : It mainly show bodily ferocity in form of aggression,
disrespect, hatred towards a particular community as most commonly woman become
victims in such case. They practice violence and have highly impulsive attribute without any
pleasure. The main aim of such offender is to inflict punishment by degrading and harming
them. Their abhorrence is very strong. It can go to any extent for fulfilling their emotional

desires via destroying victim, Sexual intercourse does not excite them in spite used as
weapon for inflicting pain(Almond et.al, , 2021).
The general demographics or criminal profiling of unknown offender can be described on following
factors as given below-
On basis of gender being male between age of 25 to 35 years. The profession or occupation in
general constitutes either engaged in unqualified. In some cases having spouse or sexually involved.
The IQ of offender must be above standard intelligence. The vehicle used by accused is possessed
by it for such time being. The history of alleged revealing its engagement in certain department of
crime like misappropriating property, committing sexual act etc. The criminal residing in flat or
single storey house.
This identification of pattern constitute such person to be serial offender holding value it helps and
assist hugely simplifying to recognize identity of offender. But every criminal exhibit individual
distinct trait such as threatening or using weapons dominating the victim where the communication
among them is one sided forcing to engage in sexual act. In some cases offenders targeting their
victim assures to remove evidence and does not reveal their identity and engages in crime by
keeping it low key(Almond, McManus and Curtis, 2019).
The psychological theory of crime explains the crime is the result of thoughts and imagination of
one's mind. The thoughts and feelings of one person binds him to do any act. For instance, if one
person is living in a place where domestic violence is normal in the house. Then, there are the
chances of commitment of crime of domestic violence in the nearer future. Hence, the mind plays
an important role while committing any offence. The feelings and experience of the childhood also
plays an important role while doing any illegal act.
The psychosexual theory deals with the development of child in the childhood where the child
experience the pleasure in an erogenous areas. An erogenous areas are those areas of the body that
are sensitive to stimulation. There are five stages of psychosexual in the body namely oral, anal,
latent, phallic and genital. Further more, each stage gives pleasure to the person. If at any stage the
person is unsatisfied, then he will feel anxious and frustration. As a result of this, the person suffers
from psychological disorder which motivates to commit serious types of crime such as rape.
In the given case scenario, the offender was a psychopath. This is clear from the style of committing
rape of similar types of girls in a analogous manner . The way he used to rape and after the rape he
used to cut all the hairs and eyelashes. This shows that he was a psychopath who only wanted to
satisfy his needs. The offender only wanted to feel pleasure by doing such illegal acts. The offender

had unsatisfied psychosexual needs during the childhood which resulted into commitment of such
severe acts like rape and murder.
There are various aspects through which actions of unsubscribed offender are controlled like its
presence at crime scene, threatening verbally or displaying weapons etc. These are certain measures
which can be adopted to curb attacks. Further elaborating these aspects on basis of –
Choice of location plays important role in determining whether attack took place within closed
doors or at public place to know modus operandi and classify such act. The assumption herein
confers commission of crime undertaken at residence or place fixed operating it. This exhibit
reasoning to examine range of offender being familiar or secures in specific area or travelling in
such place. It mainly deliberates two model in examining serial r rapist as commuter hypothesis
and marauder hypothecation.
Criminals engaging in such action twice or more becomes expert and proficient or sophisticates
over time . It depends on factor of conducting such attack by preparing blueprint using different
tools or weapons and how it comes in effect. The pattern of serial offender indicates criminal profile
laying its background , dominance and commission of crime via detecting and concealing its
identity.
Pleasure and uniform behaviour of criminals which arises in case where person is sexually attracted
or infatuated towards woman comprising mental imagination driving in such direction. This reveals
distinct behaviour of criminal approaching its target giving brief description about offender which
maybe simplified or complicated. Such fantasy is not risky until the application is enforced in
certain direction and to what extent. The internal pattern shows practice of certain rituals by accused
in committing crime symbolising its nature. It can occur either by exercising violent force,
engagement of verbal communication or certain signature pattern adopted by rapists(Amankwaa,
and McCartney, 2019).
In this case it was seen that offender was serial killer and rapist who adopted similar pattern in
commission of attack targeting women of particular age group , personality and interest. It
concludes its act by hanging in forest leaving no evidence with prior planning like stalking over and
over again with each victim. Further it can be concluded that to reveal identity of offender its
necessary to inquire place of crime scene, nature of offender and pattern adopted by such person
committing attack.
The main goal of behavioural profiling is to prepare a framework introducing key factors to
recognize pattern behaviour of serial rapist complying under various division of patterns at time of
interrogating and contrasting class of crimes conducted in particular manner. Certain measures are

taken by offender at time of preparing and committing attack classifying various evidence
constituting its unique identity. Moreover it covers features like modus operandi, ritual and fantasy
orientation and signature conduct. One of most important method to interrogate criminal is by
linkage analysis.
This procedure of law integrated data into three facets of identifying pattern of crime linked with
one another which are modus operandi, signature , fantasy and ritualistic feature. In case where
commission of offence is executed by individual assessing elements like-
 Collecting details varying from documents and records constituting rape
committed by offender of numerous victims examining police statement, medical
examination and map detecting location of crime scene.
 This helps the investigator to know capacity of offender committing such
offence and gets in touch of evident information and sources locating it without searching
in old data.
 It examine the nature of attack assessing elements comprising in such
conduct including modus operandi and sexual fantasies of criminal.
 This also monitors whether there was any uniform behavioural context in
relation to commission of offence in series.
 Last step comprises views and opinions prepared listing factors of crime
classified in numerous categories of attack expressly written in prescribed format.
It has been inferred by many scholars where individual fails to analyse link between series of crime
conducting investigation in definite or uniformed pattern by way of victimology, geographically
indicated, modus operandi, signature behaviour . These factor must be recognised to reconstruct
evidence in events to examine crime scene, directing place or time specifically. Such as proof can
be acquired through sequence, function carried, directed in certain way, related through in
concluding action(Hollis and Hankhouse, 2019) .
The term Modus Operandi is used while investigating the crime and understanding the strategies
used by the offender. It is generally used to study the psychology of the criminal. This can assist the
police officer in identification, verification of the evidences present on the crime scene. This
basically specifies the links between the crimes that are done by the same offender. So, this will
help the investigating officer to solve the case in an efficient and effective manner. It explains about
the behaviour of the criminal in which he do things on regular basis. It is very helpful in the cases of
serial killer as it provides the behavioural traits of the criminal which assists the investigating
officer to investigate in the correct direction.

Modus Operandi is used in this case scenario as it is a case of serial killing. The offender had
several behavioural traits in the case. The way the offender rapes all the girls is similar. The
offender took all the girls of same age with similar looks. All the girls had blonde hair which shows
that the offender liked the blonde hair girls of 25 to 35 years of age. This also shows that the
offender liked professional working girls as all the girls were of same category. The offender did
rape of all the girls in the same manner.(Blake, 2018)

Conclusion
This report confers analysis of criminal behaviour in case where the identity of offender is not
revealed in order to obtain it is necessary to create profile including background and general
description of accused unknown. This case study elaborates classification of crime discussing
various types of murders in criminology. Further elaborating varied forms of rapist indicating
their nature of act and mind set committing such attack. It also talks about psychological
inferences in determining crime discussing its theories monitoring structure of criminal.
Moreover it discuses demographics like age, gender, race, residence, vehicle, occupation in
preparing profiling of criminal behaviour giving certain recommendation and suggestion to
approach the criminal and stop crime. Furthermore, elaborates instrument used to investigate
attack through various instruments and tools also giving brief analysis about modus operandi.

References
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