Probation, Mass Incarceration, and Criminal Justice System

This assignment provides an overview of probation within the criminal justice system, emphasizing its role in managing offenders and its cost-effectiveness compared to incarceration. It explores the Virginia criminal justice system, highlighting the significance of probation officers and the legal framework governing probation orders, as outlined in the Code of Virginia � 19.2-303. The assignment discusses the process of probation, including the handling of violations and the common defenses used. It also touches upon the concept of mass incarceration and the role of probation in addressing it, referencing relevant literature such as Kemshall (2019) and Deering (2016).

Running head: QUESTION 0
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
JULY 15, 2019
STUDENT DETAILS:

QUESTION 1
The probation in particular is the key driver of mass incarceration. The main objective of
probation is to assimilate an offender. The probation is helpful to secure the society from further
criminal behaviour by the offender and to provide security to the victim’s rights. The court
normally give probation for first-time or lower-risk defenders. The Probation, which is the
leading form of correctional control, permits the individual to stay in communities in a control of
the probation office, apparently instead of incarceration. Further, the probation is considered as
best substitute to incarceration. There are various notable advantages of probation. It is cost-
effective in comparison of the incarceration. With call to reduce mass incarceration, this can
make sense primary to place more people on probation in pace of incarcerating them. It appears
like the well-intentioned objective (Kemshall, 2019).
Moreover, directing Virginia criminal justice system may be frightening and annoying for
anybody, even the people who have understanding in relation to this process. The knowledge of
requirement of probation may be complex and challenging. In case of transferring
the probation to Virginia, the person will come under the control of probation office of Virginia.
In Code of Virginia § 19.2-303, a reason behind probation order is rendered. When convicted of
a criminal offense in the state of Virginia, the court may provide probation in the supervision of
probation officer. The officer is assigned by department of Correction or by a nation that would
impose probation order. At the time of charging someone for violating his or her probation, the
prosecution should render evidence of violation. In addition, requirements of violation to be
intended or because of serious inattentiveness. Mistakenly violating probation is the normal
defence for avoiding the severe penalties, which can follow (Deering, 2016).

QUESTION 2
References
Deering, J. (2016). Probation practice and the new penology: Practitioner reflections. New
York: Routledge
Kemshall, H. (2019). Risk in probation practice. New York: Routledge