Evaluation of the Criminal Justice Process and Stakeholder Roles

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the criminal justice process, detailing its various stages, including investigation, arrest, prosecution, and sentencing. It examines the roles and responsibilities of key stakeholders such as the police department and courts, emphasizing their collaborative efforts in delivering justice. The report outlines different methods for measuring the effectiveness of the criminal justice process, such as amendments, judgments, and imprisonment rates. Furthermore, it evaluates the effectiveness of stakeholders in reducing reoffending through specific case studies, analyzing how their actions impact recidivism rates and contribute to a safer society. The report aims to provide a thorough understanding of the criminal justice system's complexities and its impact on society.

Unit 7 - Law & Legal Systems

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY..................................................................................................................................3
Describe the main stages of the criminal justice process............................................................3
Explore how stakeholders work together in the delivery of justice;...........................................5
Outline and explore the different methods of measuring the effectiveness of the criminal
justice process..............................................................................................................................7
Evaluate stakeholders’ effectiveness in reducing reoffending using specific case studies.........7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Law & Legal System is defined as one of the most important rules and regulation which has
been derived by legislature. There are the basic rules of legislation which is to be followed and
considering them can allow to maintain peace and silence and even goals can be achieved. The
concept of law is very useful but it is lengthy too and in order to follow all of the guidelines it is
essential to understand that there is the requirement of different department of law. It will
directly help to guide people to decide about what is right and what is wrong. In context of the
file, detail procedure will be explained which is related with criminal justice. other topics like
role of different stakeholders can be helpful in declaring the decision. Different methods of
evaluating the justice system is also necessary. Also, stakeholders effective in reducing
reoffending will be discussed.
MAIN BODY
Describe the main stages of the criminal justice process
In present scenario, it is necessary to understand that criminal justice process is one of the
most important process which allows to distinguish between rights and wrong. The process
which it has adopted for declaring the decision is quite important as it consider legislative rules
and\ regulations for declaring any of the decision. While talking about the Criminal Justice
process, it is one of the crucial process which helps to make people follow the policies and any
of the defaulter is found the legal actions are being taken under this particular process
(Hatzimihail, 2016). Within Criminal Justice process there are several stages under within
multiple number of sub process are there which is executed for declaring any of the particular
decision for obtaining the result. The different types of stages are:
 Firstly, crime is required to be reported
 There is the required of investigation by police
 Court Procedure is important
 Different stages of trail are to be consider with presenting evidences
 Result
Whenever there is the discussion about declaring the result, it is important to take the help of
multiple steps so that positive results can be obtained.

Investigation: It is the police investigation of the crime. The main aim of investigation is
to collect evidences so as to recognize culprit and to arrest them. An exploratory examination is
conducted in the process of research of the person or their possession. Possible reason is the
usual evidence which is demanded for an investigation.
Arrest: This is the procedure of taking custody of a suspect by the cops. This process involves
arresting the individual which may be the culprit till the final orders by court (Main stages of
criminal justice process. 2020). A reasonable explanation is major legal requirement of arrest.
This means the individual is having direct connection with particular crime.
Prosecution: This involves charge of a plaintiff with the help of a head prosecutor. At the
time of concluding that the individual is culprit or not the judges keep managing various factors
which include the significance of the crime and the proofs quality.
Indictment: This includes charge which is hold by bench of judges or recording of the
data with the help of an examiner. An indictment is requisite as in capital crimes. The
investigator officer is having choice of prosecution or the data in which violations deserving of
detainment is included.
Arraignment: This includes prosecution by an agreed authority. Before the trial, the
plaintiff is presented to the court and put on an appeal. The most general identified prayers are
liable and not liable.
Pre-trial detention and/or Bail: Detainment is referred as the time of provisional
authority as before opening of primary case. Bail is refereed as the monetary payment which is
given by the guarantor with the guarantee that the person will appear in the next court trial.
Plea Bargaining: This involves the procedure where appeal to switch within the
confrontation lawyer and the investigator (Lindeboom, 2018). As the rule says, in appeal of
switching, consent of respondent to allow in return for the charge or sentence decrease.
Trail/adjudication of guilt: This is performed with the help of a prosecution and defense
lawyer. In front of the judges this process starts. Beyond the reasonable doubt the evidence of
criminal sentence is the assumed in a standard manner. If any doubt occurs then the accused is
required to entitle as not guilty.

Sentencing: This is given by the judges. When the offender is proven to be guilty then
this will be provided to him. The nature of crime is the major factor in deciding possible
sentences. It could be jail, probation of sentence to fill fines or observation in the communal and
imprisonment.
Appeals: This includes the request which is documented by lawyers in court and then it
is managed by re assessing the agreed authority. When the investigative court upsets the decision
then the case goes back for retrial in primary court. With a reversal, the primary court gets
arguable. Following inversion, an investigator summaries that the charge is required to refile or
drop. The case of plaintiff may be arraigned in the later time for which the applicant is held
responsible has not run out.
Punishment: This is given by state, local of central authorities. Release to the culprit is
given when the tenure of punishment is completed which was sentenced by bench of judges.
Parole and pardon is the mechanism of early release.
Explore how stakeholders work together in the delivery of justice;
In any of the case, it is important to have a team which can allow to understand the depth
of a question and according to that decision is required to be filed (McCorquodale, 2016). While
talking about the team it includes different stakeholders who has been connected to the case from
the first day. But, directly or indirectly the role of stakeholder is to identify about the facts which
is related with the case so that fair judgement can be given in the case. For the purpose of
understanding about the stakeholder and how they are working as a unit for fair decision has
been mentioned beneath:
Police Department: The department of any nation which has been formed by the
government in order to maintain peace and silence within the country. The main agenda of police
department is to find the person who is not performing the work as per the requirement of law.
Also, there work is not limited here as number of other roles and responsibilities has been
delegated to them which is discussed below:
It is agency which has been developed as per the guidance of legislation. It is among the
department which allows to maintain the law and regulation within the nation. They have been
given number of roles and responsibility and they are:

Roles:
 They are needed to ensure that everyone follows the law as per the guidelines.
 In order to keep nation safe and secure, they are required to give proper protection to the
local as well as international people on a daily basis (Barton, 2017).
 The one of who breaches the law must be kept within the prison by the department of
police
 It becomes necessary for the department of police to find out the best way to decide that
how any of the criminal activity can be controlled in best manner.
Responsibilities:
 Whenever any of the wrongful activity is being performed then in that respective
situation, it is the department of police whose major responsibility is to ensure and
determine about the detail knowledge of the case.
 It is essential to provide 24*7days service for the public and teach them about the
importance of law.
 There must be the availability of support team which can help the public for ensuring
about their safety.
Courts: In any of the circumstance the roles and responsibility of court is placed at the top
position. It is because they have the responsibility of deciding what is right and what is wrong
within the case (Raz, 2017). The role and responsibility of court is:
Role:
 Court has the role to play by looking at the scenario of the case, whether bail can be
given to the offenders or not.
 By interpretation the situation in best possible manner and in accordance to that they
must be able to decide whether case can be entertained or not.
 After having the detail analysis on case, the jury is required to decide whether
punishment should be given or not and if it is to be given then what can be the
appropriate one.
Responsibilities:
 As per the presented scenario, it becomes equally important for the judges of the court to
take the use of suitable laws and policies.

 Any of the case which are presented must be solved within the short time duration with
appropriate judgements.
 They are needed to follow the guidelines of House of Parliament who plays the
supportive role in declaring the decision.
Outline and explore the different methods of measuring the effectiveness of the criminal justice
process
In each and every nation, there is the requirement to bring amendment because it is the
only way to manage every single activity. Evaluating the effectiveness always provides the
solution to cover the loop holes which create major problem in attaining the goals. There are
some of the situation where problem can increase but measuring different sector will not allow to
raise the issue at greater speed (Hough, 2017). While talking about the UK, they are one of the
nation which has been controlling the situation in effective manner because they have a strong
Parliament System. It is helpful for them in bringing changes as per the situation. Different ways
of measuring are:
Amendments: It is one of the process which can easily determine about how
improvement with the system can be brought. In UK, amendment are mainly conducted in those
laws and regulations where there high probability of increasing the problem.
Judgements: There are number of judgement which are being declaring by the judges in
order to improve the level of legislation (Čyras, Lachmayer and Schweighofer, 2016). It is
because it is not possible to commence number of laws at a single time and in that particular
situation judges can bring new law to give correct judgement.
Imprisonment: It is one of the process through which effectiveness can be brought
within the law. It is because giving right judgement to the defaulter will allow to develop the
right mindset of the people that what can be the outcome if laws are not followed properly.
Evaluate stakeholders’ effectiveness in reducing reoffending using specific case studies.
Reoffending is explained as the process where person don’t overview the situation and
performs the similar form of problem again and again. This types of situation always create
issues for the one who is found guilty in it. In any of the case, the stakeholder can play the
crucial role in controlling the cases related to reoffending. It is because stakeholder of the law are

those people who have good knowledge regarding law and in this respective situation they can
guide that what is wrong and what is rights to the defaulter. Once of the case study which is
related with the case of reoffending is about Mr. Jacob. In this particular case, he is one of the
thief who is found to be guilty again and again. In this respective situation the stakeholder like
Policeman can inform about this particular people in different community and his working style
(Smits, 2017). Secondly, judge can give strict punishment which will not give the opportunity to
perform same mistake again and again.

CONCLUSION
It is concluded from the file, that criminal justice is one of the important area for declaring
the judgement. It does not give rights to the people to commit any of the crime. Stakeholders are
the one who can easily guide the people who doesn’t follow the laws and regulation. It becomes
essential for any of the government body to bring frequent changes because it doesn’t give
opportunity to defaulter to perform any of the unlawful activity.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Hatzimihail, N. E., 2016. Reconstructing mixity: sources of law and legal method in Cyprus.
In Mixed Legal Systems, East and West (pp. 94-119). Routledge.
McCorquodale, R., 2016. Defining the international rule of law: defying gravity?. International
& Comparative Law Quarterly. 65(2). pp.277-304.
Barton, R. F., 2017. Ifugao law. In Man in Adaptation (pp. 127-134). Routledge.
Raz, J., 2017. The rule of law and its virtue. In The Rule of Law and the Separation of
Powers (pp. 77-94). Routledge
Hough, C., 2017. Legal and documentary writings. A Companion to Anglo‐Saxon Literature,
pp.170-187.
Čyras, V., Lachmayer, F. and Schweighofer, E., 2016, October. Views to legal information
systems and legal sublevels. In International Conference on Information and Software
Technologies (pp. 18-29). Springer, Cham.
Smits, J. M., 2017. Enforcing Corporate Social Responsibility Codes Under Private Law: On the
Disciplining Power of Legal Doctrine. Ind. J. Global Legal Stud.. 24. p.99.
Lindeboom, J., 2018. Why EU Law claims supremacy. Oxford Journal of Legal Studies. 38(2).
pp.328-356.
Online
Main stages of criminal justice process. 2020. [Online]. Available Through: <
https://www.justice-ni.gov.uk/sites/default/files/publications/doj/flowchart-of-the-
criminal-justice-process.pdf>