Criminal Justice Unit 4: In-depth Analysis of Criminal Justice Issues

This report provides an overview of several crucial topics within the realm of criminal justice. It begins by exploring the concept of less-lethal weapons, including their types, advantages, and disadvantages, as well as concerns surrounding their misuse. The report then delves into the significance of national identity cards, discussing their role in identifying citizens and addressing issues such as illegal immigration. Furthermore, the report examines ASF gene testing for identifying antisocial behavior, including its potential benefits, the actions that might be taken based on test results, and the safeguards that must be in place. The report also discusses private police forces in the United States, outlining their structure and function. Finally, it provides insights into the privatization of prisons and the personality profile of a cyber criminal, exploring the motivations and traits associated with such individuals. The report is supported by references to relevant scholarly works.

Running head: CRIMINAL JUSTICE 1
Unit 4 Criminal Justice Outline
Name
Institutional Affiliation

CRIMINAL JUSTICE 2
CRIMINAL JUSTICE
1. LESS LETHAL WEAPONS: A BOON
In unit one, less lethal weapons were covered as a special topic in criminal justice. They are
described as conventional weapons used by the police to enforce law and order. Less lethal
weapons include the electronic control weapons (Tasers) in USA, batons made of solid steel and
pepper spray which is painful but harmful. These weapons might cause serious injuries if used
inappropriately
2. NATIONAL IDENTITY CARD
It identifies the citizens in the United States. Passports are also used. These cards assist to tackle
illegal immigration and information gathering about citizens from all corners of the country. It
gives access to services like health care and security (Andrews & Bonta 2010). Identity cards and
passports are crucial requirements during national elections.
3. ASF GENE TESTING FOR IDENTIFYING ANTISOCIAL
BEHAVIOR
Genes are involved in controlling the behavior and emotions of a person. Americans believe that
ASF Gene testing determines whether a person is or not antisocial. The Federal Bureau of
Investigations (FBI), is adopting this test policy to detect criminals. They claim that ASF genetic
testing showed results that teens who test positive develop antisocial behavior hence have high
chances of turning into criminals later in life. Researchers say that criminals with this genetic
character are not fit for sound legal judgement after trails in court of law and should face reduced
sentences for their crimes. They suggest investigation of child’s experiences in early years which
might have provoked antisocial behavior. The ASF test should be conducted to know the child’s

CRIMINAL JUSTICE 3
attitude and behavior as well as determining any psychological disorders. ASF test results rely on
gender status and also the type of environment in which the child is raised.
A criminal with antisocial disorder behavior as a result of ASF gene factor, is not considered fit
to undergo legal judgement proceedings so the USA government ensures that criminals are tested
to determine their status. Also they should be of sound mind.
5. Private Police Force
In the United States of America, private police security forces are regarded as law enforcement
bodies. They operate privately because they are owned, managed and administered by private
Non-Governmental Organizations and private security agencies (Maxfield & Babbie 2010)
The ‘Pennsylvania State Military Reserve Inc.’ 1985, located in south-eastern Pennsylvania, is a
private police force. They have always acknowledgement and recognition of Pennsylvania’s
commonwealth (Ashworth 2015).
The ‘Ohio Defense Force’ is a private militia established in 1989. It was aimed at delivering
emergency services and boosting security in Ohio local community. The militia was managed
and administered by local citizens (Ashworth 2015)
The ‘New York Light Foot Militia’ led by George Curbelo, which was said to be against ‘White
Supremacy’, is incorporated by non-Christians and non-Whites (Maxfield & Babbie 2014).
‘Militia of Montana’s founder John Trochmann, established the paramilitary organization
‘United Citizens for Justice’ (1992), so as to strengthen his force.
UNIT 3: PRIVATIZATION OF PRISON
In united states, prisons privatization started as early as 1852. Since then it has been claimed that
the private sector had been more efficiently managing prisons than public sector.

CRIMINAL JUSTICE 4
James Blumstein says that if prisons were privatized, then the state would be able to save around
fifteen million dollars every year. Private prisons provide good infrastructure and better hygiene
and diets. This is met because they are not after making profits like public ones which count
prisons as assets.
Public prisons provide inmates with technical skills and proper rehabilitation facilities.
Personality Profile of a Cyber Criminal
The cyber criminals are distinguished on the bases like motivation and their personal traits.
Several crimes committed by these criminals include online harassment, cyber stalking, phishing
scams, money laundering, identity theft and pornography. According to Walklate (2013) these
criminals operate from the remote areas of USA, where their computers can’t be tacked. The
government together with FBI are working closely to come up with policies to curb cybercrime.
References
Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2010). Rehabilitating criminal justice policy and
practice. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law, 16(1), 39.
Ashworth, A. (2015). Sentencing and criminal justice. Cambridge University Press
Maxfield, M. G., & Babbie, E. R. (2014). Research methods for criminal justice and
criminology. Cengage Learning
Walklate, S. (2013). Gender, crime and criminal justice. Routledge.