Youth and the Criminal Justice System: A Comprehensive Analysis

This report analyzes the complexities of addressing youth in the criminal justice system, drawing on course curriculum and research. It begins by examining methods of inquiry, emphasizing the scientific method, ethical considerations, and the differences between quantitative and qualitative research. The report then explores organizational management within the criminal justice system, including mission statements, leadership challenges, and the role of grants and billing. Criminological theories, including classical and labeling theories, are discussed, along with their application to policy-making. Contemporary issues such as "stop and frisk," racial disparities in incarceration, and the need for procedural justice are also addressed. The report emphasizes the importance of evidence-based analysis in developing effective interventions and reforms for youth within the criminal justice system, offering a comprehensive overview of the subject.

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The act connected to the reform to the criminal justice structure involves several
amendments to the method that the system of criminal justice treats juveniles and young adults.
Massachusetts, in the year 2018, enacted reformation that is designed to minimize the rate of
incarceration to upgrade individuals instead of putting them in imprisonment the reformation is
intended to enhance public safety (Kappeler & Potter, 2017). The amendment involves targeting
appropriate treatment concerning youths in the criminal justice structure. Furthermore, it
involves advancing the liberal state of incarceration for juveniles, development of policy for
juvenile justice, and also safeguarding the confidentiality of young adults and juvenile records
(Cole, Smith & DeJong, 2018).
Many reformations are promoted and developed by juvenile justice development, which
suggested in consideration of identifying the brain of youth people and children that are still
changing in addition to that the reality request for an appropriate response to the unlawful
conduct by criminal justice processes. The reformation advanced by the juvenile advocates
rooted in the function of the “Mac Arthur Foundation. The research is demarcating the brain of
the adolescent from that of adult individuals (Peters, Wexler & Lurigio, 2015). The reform is
aiming towards the appropriate changing treatment concerning the youth in the system of
criminal justice. The reform package of the criminal justice makes the youth are entitled to the
restorative justice programming that is based on community. The voluntary program creates a
restorative justice norm that involves parties engage in crime or the community members for the

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purpose of formulating planning to repair that address the requirement of parties as well as to the
whole community. The legislation sanctioned the establishment of youth units as well as
correctional officers among the correction houses and prison to operate with the juveniles aged
about 18-24 and a description of youth probation officers to operate within the juveniles aged
about 18-24. The provisions recognize the advantage in answering in the diverse and appropriate
manner to the youths engaged in the system of criminal justice (Peterson-Badali, Skilling &
Haqanee, 2015).
Method of Inquiry
The researcher in the fundamental discussion with Magistrate of Juvenile Board and
Superintendent of Observation Home concerning the objectives and aims of the proposed
research as well as the intended outcome. The attention of research was the youth and also
rehabilitation. Thus it was suggested by authorities that the topic was improbable to affect
children and the case proceedings in any method. On the contrary, the new observation can
enhance the possibility for the rehabilitative actions for youths.
Moreover, it was assumed by the associate of the Juvenile Justice Board that research
employs study to the optimum interest of youth along with their ethical guidelines (Reiman &
Leighton, 2015). Nevertheless, the researcher had an obligation to consider the knowledge
generated. The methodology must have means and vision for transporting the vision in reality.
The research project facilitates a road map for conducting research rigorously to the best for
fulfilling specific objectives. The analytical study achieves profound understanding as well as
insights into the issues concerning juvenile crime. It examines the contextual elements and the
lives of youth who come on the structure as a juvenile in dispute with the statute. The
formulation of research issues might have reinforced both pragmatic and philosophical issues

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(Mears, Cochran & Lindsey, 2016). The research issue identifies the method of inquiry. The
approach of the mixed method has been implemented. The research issues are oriented to the
quantitative method, and other issues tend to the qualitative method. Henceforth the issues called
for the integration of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The mixture of both the
methodologies involves the advantages of qualitative and quantitative method satisfy the aims of
the research. Whereas the issues responsible for the integration of quantitative and qualitative
methods (Daly, 2016). The mixed approach engages the analysis or collection of qualitative and
quantitative data in a single study where data are accumulated sequentially or concurrently and
also engage the integration of information at the phase in the research process.
The case study fundamentally faulty for the deficit of representativeness. At the phase of
purposive sampling, there might be probable bias on the portion of the researcher as boundaries
of the case were identified by the researcher (Roberts, 2018). The self-reported conducts, the
degree of the genuineness of reply, and also the data accuracy were debatable. The respondents
can be disposed to partiality and provide a limited version of reality. The perspective of the role
and interview of the researcher within the system of criminal justice can have an impact on the
matter of the response of participants. In order to evaluate the profile of youth, it is necessary to
rely on secondary data. The benefit of secondary data lies in that it was available and collected
for analysis.
CRIMINAL JUSTICE ORGANIZATIONAL MANAGEMENT
The members of the institution generally parted with mutual missions, visions, values, as
well as strategic targets (Hudson, 2016). The mission of the correctional institution involves
statements concerning the safeguards of the staff members, the public, and inmates. Furthermore,
to facilitate avenues for rehabilitation in addition to that aiding in the procedure of reintegration

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of the offenders in the community as soon as they are discharged. The statement of the common
mission of the police department might involve the stages that aid safety to the public,
functioning with the community and citizen and also to minimize offenses. The employees in the
agency of criminal justice are not motivated to think beyond the box that often occurs due to the
legal and constitutional constraints as well as training mandates.
Therefore it can be held that the leadership in the system of criminal justice may be
restricted by the environmental elements (Berk et al., 2018). The budgeting constraint, union
contract, court rulings, legislative decisions, and the deficit of assistance from the community
may restrict the quantum of charge that the leader can achieve in policing or correctional
organization. The elements might identify the method that is implemented and concluded as little
leader might do for challenging the structure. The questions that are encounter by profit, as well
as non-profit institutions, involve the necessity for the good leaders who possess the capability to
lead and manage the team with skill, vision, adequate resources to achieve the strategic aim that
is determined by the agency (Pyrooz et al., 2016). Thus formulating realistic aims that are
complicated to challenge workers; however, not so complicated that they did not reveal impacts
is also the issue. Thus focusing on the development and allocation of financial and human
resources involving the planning, training, assignment, and promotion. The organization must
enhance productivity by means of training, selection, and planning of the task as well as
employees (Hawkins & Weis, 2017).
The four fundamental zones of the criminal justice system comprising of correction,
police, courts as well as scrutiny. The legal right that the case upon policing organization is the
enforcement of the law by reacting to the calls concerning the infringement of laws, arrest the
individuals who are suspected or witnessed to be guilty of violating the legislation, and also

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imposes other sorts of restriction. Parole, probation, and treatment programming are not
especially as the structure for the policing department as well as courts. The employers are
tasked with formulating decisions on the rehabilitation alternatives that utmost fulfill the
requirement of the individual. Grants are considered a fundraising attempt in the system of
criminal justice. They are provided by the governmental organization that is the state or federal
government, corporation, and foundation to function a particular initiative or program. The grant
monies facilitated upfront, in addition to that, need auditing to the end of the period of grant
exhibiting failure or success at concluding the aims that are identified in the application of a
grant (Pakes, 2019). The billing amount might not shield the total expense od service; however,
it compensates non-profit organizations for the money that is spent on clients and not need the
federal government to establish the commitment as relevant as a grant. For instance, the
counseling assistance that is ordered by the court wherein the client obtained individualized
counseling of mental health for free of cost from the non-profit organization, as mentioned by
court.
THEORY OF CRIMINOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION
The objective of the criminological theory is to assist the individual in attaining the
comprehension of crime as well as criminal justice. The theories embodied the establishment and
violation of statutes, deviant, and criminal behavior in addition to that the pattern of criminal
conduct. The individual theory might be micro or macro. The theories may be implemented to
regulate policy-making as well as can be assessed on the number of criteria involving scope,
clarity, testability, parsimony, empirical validity, and practical usefulness (Maxfield, 2015). The
classical criminology was intended to facilitate logical, rational, and philosophical substitute to
what is cruel, arbitrary, the abusive structure of criminal justice. The real-world implementation

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of the theory suggests or purpose as well as the capability to implicate the applications. In order
to accomplish maximum efficiency, the theories should make logical consistency and also
describe the scope of crime and parsimony. Most importantly, the theory should have validity.
The theory should have an implementation on the real situation for attaining the
objectives and policy implementation. The labeling theory had the informal and formal
implication of stigmatizing as well as deviant tags or labels that are implemented to the
individuals by the community will not put in deterrence however instigate upcoming criminal or
deviant acts. The deviance action recommended in the non-presence of or the preceding
implementation of deviant labeling for the activity. The historical, biological theories consider
criminal behavior as the impact of the defect in people. The flaw may be genetic or biological in
nature in addition to that cater to demarcate the criminal from the individuals who are law-
abiding. The modern biological theory focuses more on the variation in biological and genetic
elements in interacting with the environment as well as less probable to mention abnormalities or
biological defects. The punishment caters to diverse goals in the biological theory; however, I
might be proper to safeguard the community. It will not have a deterrent impact as there is an
abnormality or inherent defect within deterrence, individual or intimidation of punishment that
affect behavior.
CONTEMPORARY ISSUES IN THE CRIMINAL JUSTICE SYSTEM
The contemporary issues obtain growing concentration because of the events, for
instance, the attempt to eradicate the usage of “stop and frisk” in the city of New York, the
release of those accountable for murder. The experience of the individual with the criminal
justice structure initiates communication with the police officer. The practice of “stop and frisk”
put an impact on the whole societies, which develop weary of continuously being questioned,

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presumed to be the culprit until innocence is proved otherwise. It is evident from surveys that are
conducted in the late 1990s that whites sold and use drugs at the same proportion as that of other
ethnicities and races; however, blacks were imprisoned charging on drug crime more than twice
in comparison to whites. The penal population in the country of the United States since the 1980s
elevate from 300,000 to about two million making higher rate off incarceration worldwide
though the rate of crimes had actually reduced. It has been marked by Alexander that no other
nation in the world incarcerates so many ethnic or racial minorities. The rate of incarceration in
the United States is mainly focused on the black population. It is reported by the Equal Justice
Initiative that half of 3,095 individuals on the death row in the United States are individuals of
race, and 42% are African American. Thus on considering the insight of literature on the
procedural justice to establish viable substitutes to the status quo of the juvenile detention, the
focus must be put on the procedure that inclined to sentence and detention of juveniles (Tankebe,
Reisig & Wang, 2016).
The alternative method is the application of restorative justice for addressing the issue of
youth misbehavior. The various observation to the research of behavioral decision has exhibited
that the individuals are subject to the “bounded ethicality.” The literature had formulated
procedural, retributive and restorative justice, justification theory as well as an intergroup
relationship that can assist in addressing as identifying why there is little protest as well as the
method to progress forward.
Thus it can be concluded from the above-mentioned discussion that legislation of
criminal justice reformation stops the youth offenders’ crimes to be entertained in juvenile court
from being the portion of adult crime records of that persons. It also stops crimes that not obtain
the accused from destroying as entries of record for both adult and juvenile. Thus the main goal

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for reform the criminal justice structure is to advance evidence based, justified youth justice
structure that holds the youth offenders responsible for actions that enhance rehabilitation and
upgrade public safety as well as reduce the cost to the taxpayers.
References
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assessments: The state of the art. Sociological Methods & Research, 0049124118782533.
Cole, G. F., Smith, C. E., & DeJong, C. (2018). The American system of criminal justice.
Cengage Learning.
Daly, K. (2016). What is restorative justice? Fresh answers to a vexed question. Victims &
Offenders, 11(1), 9-29.

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Hawkins, J. D., & Weis, J. G. (2017). The social development model: An integrated approach to
delinquency prevention. In Developmental and life-course criminological theories (pp. 3-
27). Routledge.
Hudson, B. (2016). Justice Through Punishment?: Critique of the Justice Model of Criminal
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Pakes, F. (2019). Comparative criminal justice. Routledge.
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Ideology, class, and criminal justice. Routledge.
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