Criminology: A Reflective Essay on Course Insights and Shifts

This reflective essay examines the student's learning journey in a criminology course, focusing on three key topics that significantly altered their perspectives: "Class and Crime," "Women, Crime, and Social Control," and "The Media, Crime, and Moral Panic." The essay details how the course challenged pre-existing beliefs and provided new insights into the complexities of crime, criminals, and the justice system. It explores the misconceptions surrounding class and crime, highlighting that crime is not solely determined by social status, but by the mindset and motivations of the criminal. The essay also delves into the historical and contemporary issues of crimes against women, discussing the impact of societal control measures and the need for gender-neutral legislation. Finally, it analyzes the role of media in shaping public perceptions of crime, emphasizing the dangers of sensationalism and moral panic. The student concludes by stressing the importance of ethical media practices and a "cause and effect" model to better understand and address crime.

Running head: CRIME AND CRIMINOLOGY
Crime and Criminology
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s Note:

1CRIME AND CRIMINOLOGY
The term criminology has emerged as one of the most important ones in the context of
the modern world because of the increasing crime rate of the world (White, Haines &
Asquith, 2017). According to a report of UNODC (United Nations Office on Drugs and
Crime) (2018) there are currently more than 7.6 “intentional homicides per 100,000
inhabitants” in comparison to 6.2 per 100,000 inhabitants in the year 2012. In addition to this,
the crime rate for the other kinds of crimes has also increased in an exponential manner in
synchronicity with the increasing population of the world. However, at the same it is seen
that people hold various kinds of misconceptions related to the various criminals and also the
crimes committed by them (Cohen, 2017). The subject of criminology offers the opportunity
to individuals to undertake a study of the crimes, criminals and the justice system not from
the perspective of psychology but also on the basis of their cause and effect (Reid, 2015).
This reflective essay will discuss about the concept of criminology which I have learned in
this course in the light of the three topics “Class and Crime, Women, Crime and Social
Control and The Media, Crime and Moral Panic”.
I would like to say that I found the concept of criminology which formed the cruix of
this course a very interesting one. The course had some very interesting topics which not only
helped me to learn a great deal about crimes and the justice system of our nation but also
offered me to the opportunity to understand the concept of crime from the perspective of
“cause and effect”. Some of the topics of the course which I really liked were “Rational
Choice Theory and Crime Prevention, Class and Crime, Realist Criminologies, Women,
Crime and Social Control, The Media, Crime and Moral Panic, Punishment and Prisons” and
others.
In this paragraph I would discuss about the fourth topic of the course, namely, “Class
and Crime”. Prior to this course, I had the opinion that the various kinds of crimes are
correlated with the class or the social status of the criminal. However, the course and the

2CRIME AND CRIMINOLOGY
knowledge that I gained through the same changed my perception. Crime has nothing to do
with the class of the criminal rather it has to do with the experiences and also the mentality or
the character of the criminal. According to Reiman and Leighton (2015), people commonly
hold a misconception that the individuals who are financially unstable background and also
the ones who are less educated. It is true that recent crime statistics have shown that a
majority of the crimes are committed by people from these backgrounds however at the same
it is also seen that crimes have also been committed by the people who are not only highly
educated but also from financially well off families (Akers, 2017). This misconception of the
people as a matter of fact have given rise to the concept of Islamophobia wherein it is seen
that just because some of the major crimes of the world like the World Trade Center attack
and others have been committed by the Muslims, all Muslims are seen with skeptical eyes
because of this (Lee, 2015). I am personally of the viewpoint that class has got nothing to do
with the crimes that are being committed by the various crimes rather the motive and the
mindset of the criminals and also the factors which motivated them to perform the crime is
more important in this regard. Thus, the people need to come out of this mind and rather than
targeting some sections of the population for the reduction in the crime should try to focus on
making the law and order effective for the reduction in the crime rate of the world. I would
say that this topic of the course really helped me not only by changing my perception but also
by guiding me towards the right way of thinking in the context of the subject of criminology.
Another important topic taught in the course which interesting as well as helpful was
“Women, Crime and Social Control”. The crimes against women had become the order of
the day and the most interesting fact to note about this is the fact that this is not something
new (Naffine, 2015). As a matter of fact, women have been subjected to various kinds of
crimes like physical abuse, rape, molestation and others (Rafter, 2017). In the recent times, it
is seen that the crimes against women had reduced in a substantial manner because of the

3CRIME AND CRIMINOLOGY
active intervention of the national governments of the various nations and also the support
that they are getting from the various cauldrons (Abramovitz, 2017). The course besides
highlighting the various crimes committed against women, discuss about the diverse control
measures which have been taken to curb this evil menace. An interesting fact to note is that
the contrary to the popular belief which sees women as the victims of male oppression as well
as dominance in the recent times various cases has come to light which point otherwise. This
is perhaps one of the major reasons for the increasing number of crimes which are being
committed by women in particular. Furthermore, the course also made me realize the fact that
there is a need for change in the legislations of almost all the nations of the world since they
have been either formulated on the basis of the male perspective or the female perspective.
However, as per Baskin (2018), the demand of the modern society is the kind of judicial
system wherein the men and the women would be subjected to the same kind of legislations.
This would not only help the world to come out of the cocoon of gender inequality and give
equal status or position to both men and women but at the same time ti reduce the crime rate
of the world in a much effective manner (Naffine, 2015).
“Media, Crime and Moral Panic” is another topic which I not only found very
relevant in the context of the course but also really helpful. The tool of media has emerged as
one of the most important ones in the contemporary times and helps to convey the important
news to large proportion of the population at a much faster rate (Jewkes, 2015). However, at
the same time, it is seen that because of the processes of yellow or pulp journalism and
sensationalism, various news and also the crimes are being misrepresented to the people
(Schildkraut, Elsass & Stafford, 2015). As per Poynting, Noble and Tabar, 2017), this creates
much undesired as well as unnecessary panic among the general population which in-turn
leads to various kinds of problems that would not have arisen in the first place had the news
not been misrepresented.

4CRIME AND CRIMINOLOGY
I personally believe that because of the process of yellow journalism the news related
to the various kinds of crimes are portrayed in such a manner that it generates unnecessary
chaos and also moral panic among the general masses of people. This in-turn leads them to
make wrong decisions which aggravate the problem even more. I would like to say that prior
to the commencement of this course I really thought that all the news items shown in the
media were completely true however the course and particular topic made me realize
otherwise. For example, I have come to realize the fact that the media agencies by
misrepresenting the various are not only accessories to the crime but at the same time to a
great extent facilitate the crime and its adverse effect as well. In this regard, it can be said that
the various media agencies need to take the onus for the diverse news stories that they cover
and represent them in a way which is not only ethically correct but also does not create
unnecessary moral panic among the people (Ferrell, 2017).
To conclude, the high number of crimes that the citizens of the modern world are
subjected to has necessitated a detailed study of not only these crimes but also the justice
system of the contemporary times. It is precisely here that the subject of criminology gains
prominence since it not only tries to analyze the various crimes but also suggests the manner
in which the justice system of the modern times can be improved. In this regard, the role
played by the contemporary media is an important one and thus they should refrain from
sensationalizing the news and thereby create unnecessary moral panic among the people.
Rather the focus of the contemporary media should be on the ethical as well as moral
portrayal of the news stories. In addition to these, people also needs to get rid of their
misconceptions and rather than trying to eliminate the criminals should focus on eliminating
the crime by undertaking an analysis of the various criminals and also the crimes on the basis
of the “cause and effect” model. This is likely to help the various nations to overcome this
problem in a much effective manner.

5CRIME AND CRIMINOLOGY
References
Abramovitz, M. (2017). Regulating the lives of women: Social welfare policy from colonial
times to the present. Routledge.
Akers, R. (2017). Social learning and social structure: A general theory of crime and
deviance. Routledge.
Baskin, D. (2018). Casualties of community disorder: Women's careers in violent crime.
Routledge.
Bradley, T., & Walters, R. (2011). Introduction to Criminological Thought (2nd ed).
Auckland: Pearson.
Cohen, S. (2017). Against criminology. Routledge.
Ferrell, J. (2017). Making Trouble: Cultural Constraints of Crime, Deviance, and Control.
Routledge.
Jewkes, Y. (2015). Media and crime. Sage.
Lee Miller, B. (2015). Social Class and Crime. The Encyclopedia of Crime and Punishment,
1-5.
Naffine, N. (2015). Female crime: The construction of women in criminology. Routledge.
Poynting, S., Noble, G., & Tabar, P. (2017). Middle Eastern Appearances:" Ethnic Gangs",
Moral Panic and Media Framing. In Gangs (pp. 171-194). Routledge.
Rafter, N. (2017). Partial justice: Women, prisons and social control. Routledge.
Reid, S. T. (2015). Crime and criminology. Wolters Kluwer Law & Business.

6CRIME AND CRIMINOLOGY
Reiman, J., & Leighton, P. (2015). Rich Get Richer and the Poor Get Prison, The
(Subscription): Ideology, Class, and Criminal Justice. Routledge.
Schildkraut, J., Elsass, H. J., & Stafford, M. C. (2015). Could it happen here? Moral panic,
school shootings, and fear of crime among college students. Crime, Law and Social
Change, 63(1-2), 91-110.
Unodc.org (2018). Reports on world crime trends. [online]. Retrieved from
https://www.unodc.org/unodc/en/data-and-analysis/statistics/reports-on-world-crime-
trends.html
White, R. D., Haines, F., & Asquith, N. L. (2017). Crime and criminology.