Criminology Learning Journal: Victims, Police & Collaborative Work

This learning journal explores key aspects of criminology through three distinct modules. The first module delves into victimology, examining the definition of a victim, the rise of victimology, government policies for victims of crime, and the concept of victim blaming. It highlights the evolution of public opinion through positivist, radical, and critical victimology. The second module focuses on the role of the police within the criminal justice system, emphasizing their responsibilities in maintaining order, preventing crime, and upholding human rights. It analyzes the police's statutory powers and the importance of adhering to legal guidelines. The third module discusses collaborative work with other law enforcement agencies, stressing the need for formal partnership strategies, information sharing, and proactive planning. It identifies key partner agencies and resources and emphasizes the importance of internal collaboration within agencies. The journal concludes that effective collaboration reduces costs, improves resources, and enhances the overall effectiveness of law enforcement efforts.

Portfolio
Semester 2 – Learning Journal
Module No. and Name:
Week No. 2 Title: Criminology - victims
1. What did you learn?
From this module I have leaned about victims and victimology, rise of victimology and the
examination of the government policy for victims of crime. In which situations a person is
treated as a victim. In this we also learn about wide term of victim, the victims are a person
who suffers the damages form any act or omission which is operated within the state. The
relation between victims and crime is fixed, how the victimology emerges. The victim
blaming have to find connection with different type of crimes. Nature of victimology and
repeat victimisation is also mentioned. The policies for victims have been carried out

through government.
2. How/why did you come to this opinion?
In this study of victims and victimology the government plays different role in changing
the approach of everyone is fixed between victim and crime. Both of these have described
in the form of positivist victimology. Victimology methods are of three types: Positivist
victimology, Radical victimology, and Critical victimology, and all played a significant
role in the evolution of public opinion. The Act made it easier to defend victims' rights.
3. How did this change your approach/thinking?
This knowledge has changed my perspective on victims and victiomology; there are some
techniques that can help improve this concept. In the past, the term victim was used to
describe a wide range of misfortunes in which the suffering was not caused by the crime.
The victims were categorised based on how likely they were to become victims and how
guilty they were. The early victimisation act, on the other hand, aids victims as a means of
better understanding crime. This can encompass a variety of things, such as seeking to
evaluate the level of victimisation and attempting to comprehend the impact.
4. What might you do next as a result of what you have learnt?
In this learning the criteria of victim is mentioned, in which the victim is categorised and
through the learning of victimisation, this is to be used in daily life and I try to find some
loophole and write done a report for altering this concept. UN also gives definition for
victim, there should be more reforms as the situation present in the society. I will do an
implied research and let other people of society know about this, so this helps other to
relate. This concept is to be put in legal awareness program and everyone should know
about their legal rights.
5. Any references that are relevant to this piece of learning
de Froideville, S.M., 2021. Storied experiences of the Havelock North drinking water crisis: A case
for a ‘narrative green victimology’. International Review of Victimology, p.02697580211005013.
Davies, P., Leighton, P. and Wyatt, T. eds., 2021. The Palgrave Handbook of Social Harm.
Springer International Publishing..
6. Overall Conclusion:
This learning outcome concludes the meaning of victim and victimisation. The changes in
victimology is being mentioned in this, the major factors which contributes for rising
public profile for victim and issues of victimisation is there. Victim blaming is still there
and found in connection with different form of crime. The early victimisation work is used
as the another means of understanding crime. Repeat victimisation is one of the important

facet for uneven social and geographical distribution of crime. This also includes rights of
victims and have charter published for this in the year 1990 and 1996 and in year 2002 the
government publishes a white paper justice for all which state for rebalance of system in
favour of victims.

Semester 2 – Learning Journal
Module No. and Name:
Week No. 4 Title The role of police within the criminal justice system
7. What did you learn?
To protect the values of their civilised society, all civilian governments have a criminal
justice system. This system is in charge of enforcing the standards of behaviour that are
necessary to keep people safe in society. The criminal justice system functions by
apprehending, prosecuting, convicting, and punishing members of society who break basic
social laws. Because the police officer is the first to arrive at the crime scene, his or her
role is critical. The police focus their efforts on maintaining order and preventing crime,
making preventive arrests, conducting investigations and investigations, crowd
management, crowd control at festivals, preventing riots, and regulating vehicle traffic,
among other things. In this approach, the police can perform a wide range of tasks. In this
circumstance, the researcher have being tried to explain in the analytical way very aspects
of the police force in United Kingdom.
8. How/why did you come to this opinion?
The job of the police is to maintain discipline and enforce the law. Therefore, the
administration department shows respect for human rights by conducting investigations
and appointing police officers before investigating and prosecuting those who break the
law to legislate to protect people’s human rights. It is the duty of the state to protect and
promote human rights in a democratic society. It is the responsibility of the police,
military, judiciary or civil affairs to respect the human rights of all state institutions,
prevent human rights violations and take positive action to promote human rights. In this
case, the role of the police is particularly important.
9. How did this change your approach/thinking?
The police’s job is to prevent and solve crimes. They have responsibilities to maintain
public order, protect VIPS and play a vital role in the security of the state. The police have
extensive statutory powers to carry out these tasks. This includes the power to arrest people
and to search their person and property. Call them to the police station for investigation and
take lawful actions necessary for the fulfillment of their duties. To ensure that the people
properly exercise these powers, the law has imposed various restrictions on the police.
With the emergence of democratic institutions, the people have become the source of
power and the state has recognized their fundamental rights. In other words, the basic duty
of the police today is to uphold the “rule of law” that is the essence of a democratic state.

10. What might you do next as a result of what you have learnt?
The guidelines are given to the police from time to time in order for the police to carry out
their duty in a good manner, there is an increased need to follow the rules prescribed by
law to determine the importance of the police in the criminal justice system by the police
so that the law and Order can be maintained without violating human rights.
11. Any references that are relevant to this piece of learning
Wilson-Kovacs, D., 2021. Digital media investigators: challenges and opportunities in the
use of digital forensics in police investigations in England and Wales. Policing: An
International Journal.
Newman, D. and Dehaghani, R., 2022. Experiences of Criminal Justice: perspectives from Wales
on a system in crisis. Policy Press.
Afridi, N., 2021. The Current Status of Forensic Science and its Impact on Administration
of Criminal Justice System in Pakistan: An Analytical Study. Available at SSRN 3781586.
12. Overall Conclusion:
After analyzing the above data, it is concluded that the police play an important role in the
criminal justice system in the UK. Facts show that the work of the police often contradicts
the standards set out in various penal laws. Police harassment is simply to establish the
“what” of the crime. As the investigative authority, the police bear full responsibility for
identifying the perpetrator of the accused. The police developed a strategy to correct the
accused through collusion or slander in any case.

Semester 2 – Learning Journal
Module No. and Name:
Week No. 14 Title Collaborative work with other law enforcement agencies
13. What did you learn?
It should be considered to involve partner agencies in traffic accidents and use their special
equipment. Formal partnership strategies should be negotiated, jointly monitored and
regularly updated. The police have priority in incidents involving: Injury or death,
Criminality, Threats to public order and safety, Significant coordination of emergency
responders. Local incident classification policies should reflect the Association of Chief
Police Officers (ACPO) National Call Handling Standards (2005), which define the
classification of emergency calls and non-emergency calls. Partner agencies and resources
include: ambulance and paramedic service (including air ambulance), British Transport Police
(BTP),Crown Prosecution Service (CPS), Department for Transport (DfT), Air Accident
Investigation Branch (AAIB), Marine Accident Investigation Branch (MAIB) and Rail Accident
Investigation Branch (RAIB)
14. How/why did you come to this opinion?
Police performance in implementing the National Police Plan is monitored through the
Police Performance Assessment Framework. This includes recording the number of people
killed or seriously injured in police stations in relation to the volume of traffic. The armed
forces are encouraged to develop a collaborative work ethic and common operating
procedures and protocols with external response and investigative agencies. This ensures
that roles, responsibilities and expectations are clearly defined.
15. How did this change your approach/thinking?
Interagency law enforcement collaboration takes a more proactive approach. Agencies
actively plan potential situations, share information, discuss potential issues, create
common protocols and lines of communication. Collaboration happens before an incident
occurs. Sometimes it is formalized, for example in interagency committees. In other cases,
this happens more informally, as members of different agencies build relationships, share
expertise and suggest ways for their agencies to work together.
16. What might you do next as a result of what you have learnt?

We will regularly review collaboration agreements to ensure they remain effective and
offer good value for money despite changing circumstances. Independence. It is absolutely
clear that each force will retain its own identity and responsibility for local policing. The
resources required to do this can be provided as part of a collaborative approach that
improves interoperability and resiliency. We expect to work together on all issues unless
there is a clear reason not to. We will take a long-term approach to developing
collaborative programs and recognize that it takes investment and commitment to reap
benefits.
17. Any references that are relevant to this piece of learning
Onditi, F., 2022. Collaboration and Partnerships. In Gender Inequalities in Africa’s Mining
Policies (pp. 183-198). Springer, Singapore.
Clover, J., 2022. Defund, Dismantle, or Define. In Law Enforcement and Public Health (pp. 37-52).
Springer, Cham.
Gaither, M.L. and Wood, H.J., 2022. 9 The Road Ahead A Call to Action. Recovering the
US Mental Healthcare System: The Past, Present, and Future of Psychosocial Interventions
for Psychosis, p.206.
18. Overall Conclusion:
This learning concludes that, to work with other agencies, you need to make sure your
agency is working well internally. Make sure the different entities within your agency are
actively collaborating, sharing information and training, and building relationships and
trust. Good internal collaboration forms the basis for effective external collaboration. Done
well, cross-agency law enforcement collaboration benefits everyone involved. It helps
reduce costs, improve information and training resources, and make agencies more
effective overall. When trying to build cross-agency collaborations, remember that it's
about effective collaboration, not which agency is best.