Interesting Facts and Glossary of Terms: Criminology and Psychology

This assignment, completed during a Criminology and Forensic Psychology semester, presents a collection of interesting facts and a glossary of terms related to the field. It explores the distinctions between paedophilia and child sexual abuse, detailing the characteristics of each, and delves into the complexities of sexual attraction, including paraphilias and chronophilias. The assignment also examines the biological and psychological aspects of paedophilia, considering potential causes such as brain chemistry, trauma, and genetic predispositions. Furthermore, it addresses related topics like the relationship between pornography and sexual abuse, various types of sexual abusers (intra-familial and extra-familial), and the concept of polyvictimization. The author emphasizes the importance of clear definitions and understanding of the terms used to avoid confusion, and provides a list of references for further reading.

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Some interesting facts and glossary of terminology
Here are some interesting facts I learnt during my semester doing Criminology
and Forensic Psychology at uni. I found out some enlightening and fascinating
information which I’d like to share with you. This information gave me further
understanding of Paedophilia and other sexual behaviour. It gives a clearer
picture just to how insidious and complicated it all is.
According to Barbaree and Seto, 1997, Paedophiles are not the same as a
Child Sexual Abuser (Child Molester). So, what are the differences?
Paedophiles are attracted to only children but do not act on their attraction,
however, they can become a Child Molester which is the same as a Child
Sexual Abuser, whereas Sexual abusers are attracted to both adults and children
and only offend if the opportunity presents where child(ren) are available to
them (Seto, 2019).
What is paedophilia? Paedophilia is a persistent and main sexual
attraction/interest in prepubescent children (Wood, 2017).
A large percentage of Paedophiles have a low IQ (Rosburg and et. al., 2020)
A large percentage of Paedophiles are left-handed, so are right brain
dominant (Schinaia, 2020). Note well: - I want to make this very clear, just
because someone is left-handed does not mean they are a predator.

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 Paedophiles have a different brain chemistry to the rest of the
population (Huizen, 2020).
 There is some thought that Paedophilia may come about due to brain
trauma, resulting from unconsciousness (Bondrea, & DElCEA, (2019). Note
well: - I want to make this very clear, not everyone that has had a brain
trauma is a paedophile or a predator.
 A majority of paedophiles were born of mother’s who had suffered
mental illness, that this is due to neurodevelopmental problems on the
child during infancy, giving an understanding that some paedophilia is
genetically based (Gerwinn and et. al., 2018). Note well: - I want to
make this very clear that not every person born to a mother who had a
mental illness is a paedophile or predator.
 There is some thought that Paedophilia should be treated as a mental
disorder. Note well: - I want to make this very clear, not every person
with a mental disorder is a Paedophile or predator.
 There is no relation of Paedophilia with homosexuality (Leistedt & Thibaut,
2021).
 Paedophiles have biological chemistry genetically predisposed to
paedophile characteristics/behavior (Jimenez, 2020). Therefore,
Paedophiles are born and not made. Whilst I agree with this there have

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been many paedophiles that were taught/coached by other paedophiles
that abused them.
 Paedophilia is known as a psychological disorder (DIEMERT, (2020).
 Paedophilia is unchanging (Jara, & Jeglic, 2021).
 Paraphilla- means sexual interests (Kaplan).
 Chronophilia are different types of sexual preference; hebophilia,
infantfilia, ephebophilia, parthenophelia, gerontophilia, zoophilia,
gynephilia, androphilia, autogenophilia and teleiophilia (Mokros, 2017).
 Virtuous Paedophiles are non-acting paedophiles (Howland, (2020).
 Paedophilia- where an adult takes a persistent primary sexual interest in
prepubescent child (Shields and et. al., 2020).
 Infantfilia or Nepeophilia- where an adult that takes their primary
sexual interest on an infant of 0-4 years of age.
 Hebophilia- where an adult that takes a sexual interest in pubescent
children (Miletski, 2017).
 Ephebophilia- where an adult takes a sexual interest in adolescent boys in
the 15-19 age group (Amelia, & Dintasi, 2019).
 Parthenophilia- where an adult takes a sexual interest in late adolescent
girls (Beier and et. al., 2013).

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 Gerontophilia- where an adult takes a sexual interest in the elderly (Ball,
2015).
 Zoophilia also known as bestiality- where an adult has a sexual interest in
animals (Sendler, 2019).
 Pederast- is an adult taking a sexual homosexual interest in adolescent
males (Monroe, 2017).
 Pedovestism- an adult dressing like a child for erotic purposes (Fedoroff,
2019).
 According to Dr Phil Mc Graw, Paedophilia is the affliction and Child
Molestation is the action (Shekhar, 2018).
 The nurturing from the mother helps to shape a child into a Paedophile
(Music, 2016).
 Paedophiles should not be demonised. True they shouldn’t be
demonized, but should they offend, become a Child Molester, they
then need incarcerating (Parker, 2017).
 Pornography does not have any relation to sexual abuse. I have a really
tough time in agreeing with this one and some of the other facts they put
forward (Grubbs, and et. al., 2019).
 . There are many who read or watch pornography who are not sexual
abusers, however, porn can and has been used in the sexual abuse and
denigration of their victims. And I don’t believe porn would be helpful
for those who offend. Then there are many who abuse that probably
aren’t into porn. So, seems a very slippery slope to my thinking.

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Whilst I partially agree with the above, I think that the waters have been too
muddied up and that we need a far clearer distinction of what and what is not
Paedophilia.
 Intra- familial Sexual Abuser is an abuser within the family, a parent, a
sibling, uncle, aunt, grandparents, cousins (Koçtürk, & Yüksel, 2019).
 Extra-familial Sexual Abuser is someone outside of the family- close
family friend, acquaintance, babysitter etc (Loinaz, Bigas & de Sousa,
(2019).
 Polyvictimisation is where one person can be experiencing several
different types of abuse at one time or throughout their lifetime (Cyr and
et. al., 2013).
It seems very hard for many to get their heads around the idea that
Paedophiles are non-acting sexual person’s, and that Child Molesters are
different. For too long the term Paedophiles has been so loosely used to define
sexual predators/offender or molesters if you like (Winters & Jeglic, 2017).
That being said it seems that the word Paedophile has long been associated with
being sexual abusers and far too deeply entrenched in our society, is it that it
may be necessary for the name of person’s sexually attracted though non-acting
on their sexual interest to be given a different name and the long-held name of
Paedophile for Sexual Abusers being kept? Otherwise, it is all confusing.
 There may also be noticeable signs of a smile on the face of a Sexual
Abuser, as is they have got away with something the smile, smirk or
dubious comment is known as ‘Duper’s Delight.’ It is a psychological
unconscious thing that criminals do when they feel chuffed that they have

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duped others and got away with the crime. They may be unaware or
unconscious of the fact that they are doing Dupers Delight, it is one-way
law enforcement can pick up on lies or wrongdoing by looking at a
person’s body language. Eyes blinking often, poor eye contact, gulping
air, hands under the table or in pockets, fidgeting, bouncing their legs,
twisting or tapping feet, deflecting conversation and changing the subject
and more are strongly indicative of telling lies. Although possibly not in
every instance. But it’s a good yardstick-body language because it is
something very hard for them to control.
 Whenever there are group photos, be aware of wandering
hands, especially when a predator thinks everyone’s eyes
are on the camera. In large groups, hands of abusers can
and do wander getting very touchy-feely this is behaviour
is known as Frottage or Toucherism (Trump, 2019).
Frottage or Toucherism are non-consensual touch and
is also a chargeable offence

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REFERENCES
Books & Journals:
Seto, M. C. (2019). The motivation-facilitation model of sexual offending. Sexual
Abuse, 31(1), 3-24.
Wood, H. (2017). Paedophilia or paedophilic breakdown? The impetus to seek illegal images
online.
Rosburg, T., and et. al., (2020). Indirect and neuropsychological indicators of
pedophilia. Sexual Abuse, 1079063220931822.
Schinaia, C. (2020). On paedophilia. Routledge.
Huizen, J. C. (2020). The Ideo-Politics of Paedophilia: The Controversial Case of the Child-
Like Sex Robot (Master's thesis, University of Twente).
Bondrea, A. M. A. L. I. A., & DElCEA, C. (2019). Sexual deviations. Considerations
regarding paedophilia–myth and reality. Int J Advanced Studies in Sexology, 1(1), 133-142.
Gerwinn, H., and et. al., (2018). Clinical characteristics associated with paedophilia and child
sex offending–Differentiating sexual preference from offence status. European
Psychiatry, 51, 74-85.
Leistedt, S., & Thibaut, F. (2021). The concept of paedophilia. Part 1: Historical background
and nosology. Revue medicale de Liege, 76(3), 195-201.
Jimenez, E. (2020). Introduction to Evil: Therapist Working with Perpetrators. iUniverse.
DIEMERT, B. (2020). tears it apart. McEwan’s other stories and, indeed, his first two novels,
The Cement Garden (1978) and The Comfort of Strangers (1981), continue to deal with the
perverse: incest, extreme sadomaso-chism, paedophilia, mutilation, and murder. That. The
Wiley Blackwell Companion to Contemporary British and Irish Literature, 209.
Jara, G. A., & Jeglic, E. (2021). Changing public attitudes toward minor attracted persons: an
evaluation of an anti-stigma intervention. Journal of Sexual Aggression, 1-14.
Mokros, A. (2017). The chronophilia conundrum: Continuum or epiphenomenon?. Archives
of sexual behavior, 46(1), 43-45.
Howland, T. (2020). The Multi-State Responsibility for Extraterritorial Violations of
Economic, Social and Cultural Rights. Denver Journal of International Law & Policy, 35(3),
4.
Shields, R. T., and et. al., (2020). Help wanted: Lessons on prevention from young adults
with a sexual interest in prepubescent children. Child abuse & neglect, 105, 104416.

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Miletski, H. (2017). Zoophilia: Another sexual orientation?. Archives of sexual
behavior, 46(1), 39-42.
Grubbs, J. B., and et. al., (2019). Pornography problems due to moral incongruence: An
integrative model with a systematic review and meta-analysis. Archives of Sexual
Behavior, 48(2), 397-415.
Amelia, D., & Dintasi, F. D. (2019). Ephebophilia suffered by the main
character. Teknosastik, 15(2), 81-86.
Beier, K. M., and et. al., (2013). Hebephilia as a sexual disorder. Fortschr. Neurol.
Psychiatr, 81, 128-137.
Ball, H. (2015). Gerontophilia. The International Encyclopedia of Human Sexuality, 427-500.
Sendler, D. J. (2019). Contemporary understanding of zoophilia—A multinational survey
study. Journal of forensic and legal medicine, 62, 44-51.
Monroe, J. T. (2017). The Pederast (Zajal 133). In The Mischievous Muse: Extant Poetry and
Prose by Ibn Quzmān of Córdoba (d. AH 555/AD 1160) (pp. 1171-1209). Brill.
Fedoroff, M. E. (2019). Perspectives and Paradigms. The Paraphilias: Changing Suits in the
Evolution of Sexual Interest Paradigms, 1.
Shekhar, D. (2018). A Legal Re-defination of the term Pedophilia.
Music, G. (2016). Nurturing natures: Attachment and children's emotional, sociocultural and
brain development. Psychology Press.
Parker, I. (2017). Narratives of Perversion in the Time of the Psychoanalytic Clinic.
In Perversion Now! (pp. 231-239). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Angelides, S. 2004 Issue No. 08—Regions of Sexuality Paedophilia and the Misrecognition
of Desire.
Koçtürk, N., & Yüksel, F. (2019). Characteristics of victims and perpetrators of intrafamilial
sexual abuse. Child abuse & neglect, 96, 104122.
Loinaz, I., Bigas, N., & de Sousa, A. M. (2019). Comparing intra and extra-familial child
sexual abuse in a forensic context. Psicothema, 31(3), 271-276.
Cyr, K. and et. al., (2013). Polyvictimization and victimization of children and youth: Results
from a populational survey. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(10), 814-820.
Winters, G. M., & Jeglic, E. L. (2017). Stages of sexual grooming: Recognizing potentially
predatory behaviors of child molesters. Deviant behavior, 38(6), 724-733.
Trump, D. J. (2019). Frotteuristic Disorder. The Paraphilias: Changing Suits in the Evolution
of Sexual Interest Paradigms, 97.

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