A Literature Review of Crisis Management and Employee Performance

This literature review examines the impact of crisis management on employee performance, drawing from peer-reviewed journals over the past eleven years. It covers data collection methods such as interviews, questionnaires, and observation, highlighting their differences and applications. The review defines crisis presentence as organizational planning involving resource allocation based on the nature of the crisis and crisis prevention as a method involving early warnings and scanning of identified crises. It further explores employee performance, emphasizing its importance in the oil and gas industry, and reviews studies on the impact of crisis management on employee performance in these companies. The literature review also touches on the dimensions of crisis management, particularly the pre, during, and post-crisis phases.

Data Collection method
There are two types of data collection method including primary and secondary
method of data collection. The primary research method consists of raw data which help the
researcher to gather data on the structured questions. The collected data provides in-depth
analysis of the selected title. The raw data are also required to validate data sources with
respect to validity and reliability (Sutton & Austin, 2015).
The three method of data collection method have been Interview, Questionnaire and
Observation:
Interview: An interview is a type of data collection method that include in-depth
conversation between interviewer and respondent happen (Silverman, 2016). This method can
be done over phone or face-to-face interview.
Questionnaire: Questionnaire has been referred to research instrument that include
series of questions types or printed along with selection of answers expected to be provided
by respondents of survey and statistical study (Brace, 2018). It contains series of close ended
questions based upon research topic and delivered to respondents.
Observation: Observation is a kind of data collection in which researcher used to
observe and interact with participants and become their part of community (Chu, 2015). This
help in analyzing various aspects of participants including demographic, ethnography and
sociology part of participants.
There have been differences among these three types of data collection method.
Questionnaire is a written based process whereas interview can be done over phone or orally.
The nature of questionnaire is objective and that of interview is subjective. Questions arte

close ended in questionnaire and open ended in interview (Brace, 2018). Observation have
been different from these two. Researcher used to observe participants about the research
topic. Researcher used to observe and interact with participants and become their part of
community (Chu, 2015).
Definition (with newest references)
2.1 Crisis presentence
Bahadori et al., (2015) stated that crisis presentence is entailed organizational
planning tasks which can involve proper resources to support the resources are made
depending on nature of the crisis.
2.2 Crisis prevention
Crisis prevention is a method which put early warnings as well as scanning of the
identified crisis. This prevention process can entail to make audits and scan through the
business environment (Jackson, 2017).

References
Al Shobaki, M. J., Amuna, Y. M. A., & Naser, S. S. A. (2016). The impact of top
management support for strategic planning on crisis management: Case study on
UNRWA-Gaza Strip.
Bahadori, M., Khankeh, H. R., Zaboli, R., & Malmir, I. (2015). Coordination in disaster: A
narrative review. International Journal of Medical Reviews, 2(2).
Callow, N., Jiang, D., Roberts, R., & Edwards, M. G. (2017). Kinesthetic imagery provides
additive benefits to internal visual imagery on slalom task performance. Journal of
Sport and Exercise Psychology, 39(1), 81-86.
Jackson, R. L. (2017). Pre-Crisis Leadership: An Exploration of Crisis Prevention for Global
Leaders with National Organizations in Zimbabwe (Doctoral dissertation, Indiana
Institute of Technology).
Johnston, M. P. (2017). Secondary data analysis: A method of which the time has come.
Qualitative and quantitative methods in libraries, 3(3), 619-626.
Jundt, D. K., Shoss, M. K., & Huang, J. L. (2015). Individual adaptive performance in
organizations: A review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 36(S1), S53-S71.
Susskind, A. M., Moore, O. A., &Kacmar, K. M. (2018). Organizational Downsizing: How
Communication Networks Connect with Employee Performance.
Sutton, J., & Austin, Z. (2015). Qualitative research: data collection, analysis, and
management. The Canadian journal of hospital pharmacy, 68(3), 226.
Silverman, D. (Ed.). (2016). Qualitative research. Sage.

Chu, H. (2015). Research methods in library and information science: A content analysis.
Library & information science research, 37(1), 36-41.
Brace, I. (2018). Questionnaire design: How to plan, structure and write survey material for
effective market research. Kogan Page Publishers.