FBL5010 - AI in Business: Critical Analysis & Implications (2019)

This essay offers a critical analysis of Artificial Intelligence (AI) within the business context. It begins by defining AI and highlighting its growing importance in modern organizations, citing examples like Amazon's use of AI-powered robots. The essay then presents arguments for and against the implementation of AI, referencing newspaper articles and expert opinions. The 'for' argument focuses on the potential for increased revenue and innovation, while the 'against' argument emphasizes the potential dangers of AI, including data theft and threats to human existence. Finally, the essay discusses the implications of AI based on academic research and concludes that AI, if handled carefully, can bring about positive change in both the corporate sector and individual lives, while acknowledging the need for further development and ethical considerations. This document is available on Desklib, where students can access a variety of study resources including past papers and solved assignments.

Running head: CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF AI
Critical analysis of AI
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author’s Note

1CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF AI
Table of Contents
Overview of the topic?.....................................................................................................................2
An argument for or against the position taken in the newspaper article?........................................3
For:...............................................................................................................................................3
Against:........................................................................................................................................4
Discuss the implications of the newspaper article based on academic research and the position
you have taken?...............................................................................................................................4
References........................................................................................................................................6

2CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF AI
Overview of the topic?
The AI stands for Artificial intelligence. This platform is obtained using IT applications
through coding, planning and designing step.
According to the author Russell et al., 2016 within an organisation, there exists a bulk of
data that is required to be processed on a real-time basis. Therefore maintaining a mass of data
and continuously outsourcing it becomes very difficult for a business unit. When it comes to
accuracy, the human labour force fails to provide 100% accuracy in terms of organisational
objective. The modern organisation relies upon AI platform because of the convenience and ease
in the working process.
Previously in the era of 1950’s that the economy used to address AI as any task
performed by a computer program or a computer machine that, if any human body carried out
the same task or activity, it would be claimed that the human had to apply the same set of
intelligence to accomplish the desired task.
The AI field makes use of the cloud platform to store and retrieve data, which ensures
that the confidential data stays in the safe side in comparison to data corruption. On the other
hand, the use of AI has grown enough within the recent market trends such that it is penetrating
the C-suites of the organisations around the world (Dewhurst et al., 2014).
One example, Amazon the globally recognised brand make use of the AI to undertake
their business activities. The firm makes use of an AI-powered Kiva warehouse robot for
predictive maintenance purpose.
It is because of the AI platform, much of the business takes place utilising the digital
platform such as the official website of the company, E-commerce website, and much more.
Moreover, innovation within the digital-based platform has been possible because of the AI
platform such as tracking, monitoring and generating leads. The AI has a great scope in the field
of Accounting, Financing, Marketing, Data management, and as well as Data mining.
Most of the companies such as Auto industries, IT industries and telecom industries
hugely relies upon the field of AI because making use of the AI reduces much of the work errors
and dependency on the manual labour workforce or the employees. Marketing concepts like that

3CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF AI
of Digital Marketing which is one of the golden factors of innovation within the marketing
industry is possible because of the AI implementation. The future corporate business expects AI
to stand hand in hand together with that of the management authority to carry on business-related
decisions (Stalidis et al., 2015).
It is the vision of the corporate industry that AI will understand the present scenario of
the business environment and accordingly will suggest a business decision to undertake. It will
be possible by compiling the bulk of every aspect of economic and corporate data within a
fraction of seconds.
However there a number of efforts being made to make the field of AI improve more.
Some of the steps towards the improvement of AI are Neural based machine learning and natural
language processing (Craven et al., 2014).
Some of the latest development in the field of AI are Amazon's Alexa and Apple's Siri, to
recognise who and what is in a photo, to spot spam, or detect credit card fraud.
An argument for or against the position taken in the newspaper article?
For:
According to the newspaper article of (Livemint, 2019), an estimation is made, that the
AI will bring about an increase in revenue with an amount of about $47 billion within the year of
2020. Innovation within the present day such as the introduction of apple’s self-driving car Siri
and that of Amazon’s AI-based Alexa has captured much of the interest of the public.
Moreover speaking about the success of another business like Airbnb, the business unit
makes use of the Aerosolve application a machine learning tool to carry on its dynamic pricing
strategy. Another platform of Google, Google translator and Google maps make use of the AI
applications to deliver the effective outputs.
AI helps in the decision making process. The field of computer resources is developing at
a very fast pace because of the ML algorithms (Ghahramani et al., 2015). Although AI has some
issue regarding undertaking practical life tasks, it has a considerable potential to play a role in
decision making process by analysing a series of data, processing it and then delivering the

4CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF AI
desired output. Humans can make use of AI to predict future possibilities, consequences, and
outcomes.
Thus, from the above discussion, it can be understood how the AI implementation has
resulted in a positive output and has also lead to generate profits. Moreover, the innovation that
is possible because of the AI implementation is also creating goodwill for the firm.
AI is a positive medium; for example, Google makes use of the individual human ratings
to predict the quality of the contents and then bring out the best results in front of the user.
Facebook, Apple, Microsoft makes use of the AI platform for face recognition criteria.
Against:
According to the official website of (Forbes, 2019). AI possess a serious threat, some
well-known famous personalities like legendary physicist Stephen Hawking, Tesla and SpaceX
leader, Bill-gates, and Innovator Elon-Musk believes that AI potentially is very dangerous. The
supported their statement with the dangers of the dictator of North Korea. Since the AI
improvements have made them smarter day by day, there exists a need to focus on the negative
possibilities.
AI has developed to such extent that they can act and think critically, intelligently and
smartly. This may lead to the threat the normal human existence. Moreover, there lies a massive
danger concerning the theft of the confidential data and information’s. The company formulated
plans and designs stored in an online AI based platform can be stolen easily, which can be
further used by other rival firms or hackers to blackmail the business firm.
Example, the AI based robot Sophia which was modelled after actress Audrey Hepburn.
After having a demo session, the robot said that she would destroy humans. Hanson Robotics
designed the robot.
The core intelligence of AI can be used by hackers and terrorists to gain right and power
over the assets and properties of the business firms.

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Discuss the implications of the newspaper article based on academic research and the
position you have taken?
Taking into consideration the various research conducted it is believed that AI has
enormous potential in terms of corporate development. Besides, it possesses much of the threats;
the number of positive results will outweigh the number of negative outcomes if handled
carefully. The trends in the business environment are possible because of the AI field which
cannot be overlooked.
I would rather support, for statement with the intention that AI will bring about a change
not only in the corporate sector but in the lives of the individual person. AI if programmed
illegally with the intention to cause harm then it is a threat else it is one of the advantageous
means in the present time (Pannu et al., 2015).
Russia’s President, respected Vladimir Putin claimed that “Artificial intelligence is the
future, not only for Russia but for all humankind. It comes with enormous opportunities, but also
threats that are difficult to predict. Whoever becomes the leader in this sphere will become the
ruler of the world” (rt.com, 2019).
In terms of business prospects, AI is a tool to understand consumer behaviour and their consumer
pattern. They are accordingly formulating tailor-made advertisement and consumer products to
attract their interest. It is because of the AI that every movement of the user and consumers get
tracked. Further because of the AI facial recognition algorithms, the user gets detected. That is
how the user is identified as irrespective of the geographical gap.
However, a lot of development is still required in the core intelligence of the AI field. It
can be better understood with an example, as such that an AI-based car is designed and coded by
a command such as “Get me to my home, as soon as possible”. The AI will definitely follow the
command and will start to react towards its command to make the user reach its destinations.
Whereas, it is to be noted that AI might fail to have concern towards the local traffic rules and
the traffic chaos such that it may lead to a lot of destruction while heading towards its way.
Hence a lot of research and development is still required in the field of AI.

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References
Craven, M. W., & Shavlik, J. W. (2014, May). Learning symbolic rules using artificial neural
networks. In Proceedings of the Tenth International Conference on Machine
Learning(pp. 73-80).
Dewhurst, M., & Willmott, P. (2014). Manager and machine: The new leadership
equation. McKinsey Quarterly, 4, 1-8.
Forbes. (2019). Is Artificial Intelligence Dangerous? 6 AI Risks Everyone Should Know About.
Retrieved from https://www.forbes.com/sites/bernardmarr/2018/11/19/is-artificial-
intelligence-dangerous-6-ai-risks-everyone-should-know-about/#7017bf252404
Ghahramani, Z. (2015). Probabilistic machine learning and artificial
intelligence. Nature, 521(7553), 452.
Ghahramani, Z. (2015). Probabilistic machine learning and artificial
intelligence. Nature, 521(7553), 452.
LeCun, Y., Bengio, Y., & Hinton, G. (2015). Deep learning. nature, 521(7553), 436.
Lemley, J., Bazrafkan, S., & Corcoran, P. (2017). Deep Learning for Consumer Devices and
Services: Pushing the limits for machine learning, artificial intelligence, and computer
vision. IEEE Consumer Electronics Magazine, 6(2), 48-56.
Li, D., & Du, Y. (2017). Artificial intelligence with uncertainty. CRC press.
Livemint. (2019). The growing role of artificial intelligence in business. Retrieved from
https://www.livemint.com/Opinion/UKCvUCD1mVgVp8CcR62uvJ/The-growing-role-
of-artificial-intelligence-in-business.html
Nilsson, N. J. (2014). Principles of artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann.
Pannu, A. (2015). Artificial intelligence and its application in different areas. Artificial
Intelligence, 4(10), 79-84.

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Russell, S. J., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Malaysia;
Pearson Education Limited,.
Samek, W., Wiegand, T., & Müller, K. R. (2017). Explainable artificial intelligence:
Understanding, visualizing and interpreting deep learning models. arXiv preprint
arXiv:1708.08296.
Stalidis, G., Karapistolis, D., & Vafeiadis, A. (2015). Marketing decision support using Artificial
Intelligence and Knowledge Modeling: application to tourist destination
management. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 175, 106-113.
Wenger, E. (2014). Artificial intelligence and tutoring systems: computational and cognitive
approaches to the communication of knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann.