Critical Analysis and Review of Research Paper: DAPT and CABG

This report presents a critical analysis and review of a research paper focusing on the use of Dual Antiplatelet Therapy (DAPT) with aspirin and clopidogrel before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting (CABG) in patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). The analysis employs the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tool to evaluate the research's strengths and weaknesses, including the appropriateness of the methodology and methods used. The report examines both primary and secondary research methodologies, such as interviews, surveys, and the use of existing studies, to assess their effectiveness in addressing the research problem. The findings indicate that DAPT before CABG might lead to adverse events like renal failure and MI, but it does not increase mortality. The report concludes that DAPT should not be discontinued based on the meta-analysis results. The analysis also discusses the limitations of the research and its applicability to local populations, highlighting the importance of considering all significant outcomes, such as mortality rate, myocardial infarction, and re-operation rates.

CRITICAL ANALYSIS
AND REVIEW OF
RESEARCH PAPER

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Main Body ......................................................................................................................................3
Analyse and critically Review using the appropriate Critical Appraisals Skills Program
(CASP) tool............................................................................................................................3
Argue and Justify whether the methodology and methods are appropriate to address the
research problem ...................................................................................................................5
Primary Research: The primary research as involves the direct interactions with the varieties
company consumers and common demand or value of organisation's product or service in a
sectors. As it research carried out on the basis of review and feedbacks of customers. .................5
Interview: ........................................................................................................................................5
Students are required to articulate, discuss and justify the strengths and weaknesses using
relevant supporting evidence..................................................................................................7
Strengths and weakness of primary research ........................................................................7
Strengths and weaknesses of secondary market research.......................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
Book And journals .................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
According to a view, the research is termed as a guide which particular modified and
structured in order to navigate research journey preparation of number of related quires, which
mainly justify quality of research. Many researches have been originated and conducted on the
standard and quality living of several people by ensuring their good and better health conditions.
As per the studies, critical appraisal skills programmes most commonly known to be CASP,
which determined as beneficial as well as trustworthy tool which deliver quality training to
health care professionals. In today's world as each and every individual prefer to be healthy and
maintain even wish a good health. Each and every individual seeks for standard living and for
that factor healthcare plays an important part. The report is been conducted in order to analyse
that DART with Aspirin and clopidogel should be continued until CABG in patients who have
ACS (Vaismoradi and Snelgrove, 2019) .
Main Body
Analyse and critically Review using the appropriate Critical Appraisals Skills Program
(CASP) tool
The CASP tool termed to a generic tool for the evaluation of several strengths as well as
limitations of respective research methodology. This tool critically analyse that specific research
is been conducted using the useful and appropriate sources which effective usage of natural
resources and may ensure effective results. In this investigating paper conformist has been
prepared in order to avoid any error. In addition, the research which is being carried out to be
determined meaningful and appropriate results. CASP consist appraisals is conducted in regards
with the Cohort Studies, the economics evaluation, studies in regards wit diagnostic and may
more .In filed of nursing there can be number of intervention which can be followed in order to
follow up the research there can be possible queries and valid solution to understand the
concepts. The interventions which can derive that care, assistance, services which are majorly
focuses on solution. The solution should be in related to positives outcomes that can be extracted
through the within policy. The policies are majorly aims on the plan that can be evaluate to
promote the awareness regarding the trending diseases and other current affairs which occur
meanwhile the research takes place (Vaismoradi and Snelgrove, 2019) .

As per the selected topic as the research highly focused and aims on the critical
analysation. Dual Anti platelet Therapy before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting through the
analysation it can be stated that, the report can make clear arises questions on the intervention
and also provide the positive outcomes assessment.
Moving Further for the qualitative analysation of the research, it stated that author extract
the suitable relevant information while conduction and preparation of the project. Although,
respective research paper it is analysation that author took reading from the appropriate sources
and prepared on the assigned topic. The report do consist material facts which are used in the
preparation of this following report. As in the present meta analysis data from several studies that
has been assayed DAPT with aspirin and clopidogrel as before CABG were also been entered.
As the for the clear as well as distinction preparation of following meta-analysis selection of
keywords with references to experts was done through screening of related articles including
number of journals by using Med line, Scopus as well as Em-base(Aveyard,and Bradbury Jones,
2019)
Another checkpoint which is consider to be significant to pass related the covering of all
the related topics in the following report. The respective report as consist whole summary such
as topic Dual Anti-platelet therapy including this it may also consist rest factors such as acute
coronary syndrome, artery bypass etc. as the report accomplished through the bibliographic
database as well as personal contact. The adoption of basic approaches proved to be beneficial.
Approaches can be determined as the systematic searches in the digital and electronic databases,
the research taken along with help of google and other similar background.
Passing through the another checklist, the basic review has been measured in the
qualitative research terms. The analysation is directly proportional to the quality research. The
quality of research has been given the preference. In order to improve the quality of report the
usage of End Note has been pref red and used and before that all the duplicates were removed
and deleted from the software in order to provide the better quality (Strandås,and Bondas, 2018 )
In the next step or checkpoint, it has been stated that the whether the results of reviews
have been combined as depend on the type of research which has been conducted. With regards
to the following reviews, it has been estimated that yielded research 4003 no duplicate records
after the detailed structure. With addition to that basic research, as it ,may review 4 randomized
clinical and medical traits, 6 retrospective cohort as well as 5 prospective cohort studies. As for

improvisation quality review paper more realistic studies were automaticity carry forward as by
the total number of patients 8029 were considered. A qualitative measure of review depends on
its overall results which is been drawn at the end of the review. The given report concluded with
result that DAPT with Aspirin and clopidogrel provided before CABG to patience with ACS
leads to renal failure, MI and other cardiac events and also does not increases rate of mortality
and concluded with DAPT should not be disconnected. The results of provided review are
precise. After the initial screening, report included studies of 41 articles and ultimately data of 15
studies was included in this meta-analysis.
Another checklist defines that results drawn out from the report can be applied to local
population or not. It can be said that this checklist can be very well passed as the report
conducted took realistic examples of concerned population and various researches were been
conducted. By analysing the report, it can be said that all important outcomes were been
acknowledged and were been considered appropriately. In the given report, highlighted
outcomes were mortality rate, MI, CVA, re-operation, renal failure, re-exploration and many
more (Fink, 2019).
Argue and Justify whether the methodology and methods are appropriate to address the
research problem
Research methodologies is termed as a specific method or a procedure used to detect and
identify, process, select and analyse information about particular project. It may also allows
effectiveness of following research paper that may provide reader with detailed analysis of
subject matter. As it may generally provide solution give two main questions. The ample
sources of collected and how it was been detected and explored. It mostly include two varieties
of market which are primary as well as secondary market research respectively.

Primary Research: The primary research as involves the direct interactions with the
varieties company consumers and common demand or value of organisation's product or
service in a sectors. As it research carried out on the basis of review and feedbacks of
customers(Aveyard,and Bradbury Jones, 2019)
Interview:
It includes face to face or telephonic direct discussions from various consumers of
company products or service. It includes asking various questions about quality, potion size etc.
after consumption of product service consumed by an individual. This is the most economic
source for analysing market conditions and trending demands of consumers and enhances
productivity of company by avoiding wastage of valuable resources of the business firm.
Survey: the surveys are majority based questions and answer session. The surveys may
helpful to determine the basic problem within a organisation or in a context of any situation.
As every firm most likely to follow up policy which is aims on satisfaction of customers.
Questionnaires: It is set of question which are dedicated towards asking about product or
service delivered to ultimate consumers.
Visits to competitors location: Sound working of the management department of the business
firm depends on its effective decision making which includes factor of competition in given
market. With light to the fact that various decisions might result in a failure irrespective of
their innovative approaches been adopted therein. Therefore for ensuring better growth of
organisation, its management conducts regular researches on their respective competitors
(Vaismoradi and Snelgrove, 2019) .
Secondary Research:
This type of research extracts data on basis of various researches that is already been
conducted previously. It is an inclusion of studies and reports been performed by various
government agencies, associate of trades or by any other business in particular industry.
Generally small business with limited capital budget adopts this type of research because it is

the most affordable technique as well as cooperates well with quick decision making in
various operational activities of the firm.
According to studies, the provided meta-analysis it can be demonstrated that the author
have used combined both primary as well as secondary research type in order to extract the
displayed data which is estimated and displayed data in the following repor( Sadeghi and et.
al. 2020). The author have used combined and both type of research methodologies as given
topic require the staled research on PICO where P stands for CABG candidates, I related to
DART with aspirin and clopidogrel, C refers to Compression with targetted and control group
including O refers to the rate of mortality, MI, renal failures, ICU lengths, hospital stay as
well drainage of chest tube as well as determination of transfusion of blood product after
CABG. As the conduction of report was also further continued with the primary research
methodologies which included extraction of relevant data from direct interaction with present
patients(Fink, 2019)
Students are required to articulate, discuss and justify the strengths and weaknesses using
relevant supporting evidence
The methodologies which has been generated in a particular research majorly deboi5ts a
number of strength as well as weakness impacts on both type of methodologies. As there is
always been a negative and positive factors which arise in order to carry forward a particular
research so that it can represent relevant data and results which can be estimated by
researcher(Aveyard,and Bradbury Jones, 2019)
Strengths and weakness of primary research
One the major key which can state that the strength of following type of research used by
the author to conduct meta analysis is that establishment as well as determination of direct
relation with number of people or ultimate people who helps in better extraction materialistic
facts by them. In addition, another strong strength of primary research is that more and more
trustable and appropriate data is been extracted to prepare of report. The research can being
focused as well as it includes the full description of research which is being carry forward. The
controls for confounding variables can be found as strength of primary type of research( Sadeghi
and et. al. 2020).
In weakness, as the primary research may show fluctuating results as well. The scope is
limited in this research and may not be generalized to other population or times as it vary

population's point of view or perspectives. Another point which can be considered as the
weakness of following research type can be concluded as the author of meta analysis is time
taking process for small scale enterprises. In addition, the primary research also indulge high cost
in order to prepare the report as data has been extracted and estimated is low or less flexible as
well as data which is estimated through implementation of different sources termed to be
variable as the dependency of data is people's mind perspectives.
Strengths and weaknesses of secondary market research
One of the major key strength which can be concluded of secondary research used
by the author or researcher is that, it help to more cost saving as compare to primary
research. As it also help to avoid direct interactions with targeted population which may
increase chances to avoid unproductive activities and dimensions. The secondary research
as based on the data, plan, implementation ,analysation. So it help in productive facts to
arise up while performing and conducting the research. Another strength that can be
considered of this type of research methodologies is that as it proved and determined as
the time saving. The valuable resources while creating and conducting systematic
representation or meta-analysis (Butler and Cartier, 2018).
In weakness, there is significant factor that can be considered as the weakness
hence used by number of researchers or authors of meta analysation is that data is been
estimated and extracted on the basis of previous or last researches and within information
which perhaps out dated or expired. As new interventions arise on the daily basis and the
estimation of data depends on the current position and situations. It might get vary when
another research taken. In addition, another type of market may get pear up to duplication
and replication of information and data as well as hampers and enhance the quality of a
results of a report.
As the quality of report should debit appropriate data and records which is must
latest. With regards to presented systematic review, as the author have made usage of both
types of research i.e. primary as well as secondary market research. It proved to be great
help to author in terms of saving up of time and money resource of the author
(Aveyard,and Bradbury Jones, 2019). The meta-analysis used primary type of research
methodology for extracting relevant as well as trustable data to be presented in the given
report and by keeping in mind limited and valuable resources secondary type of research is

also been performed by searching of material facts on google and by visiting various
official sites. In the filed of nursing there can be many other determination which can
promote the awareness of particular disease . The awareness which can be suitable in order
to promote the other dimension which ehibit the policies of welfare of targetted
population.
CONCLUSION
In this research, the critical analysation and evaluation of meta-analysis is been
provided on the basis of pointing it down through the number of check list. It can be
concluded that the represented report can be passed with in through several checklists and
most probably is framed in the excellence and effectiveness conductions of meta-analysis is
been analysed and detected as per on the strengths and weakness by the use of appropriate and
relevant source. It can be stated and demonstrated that report which has been conducted by
taking relevant and suitable sources and information and it is conducted by using ethical
methods.

REFERENCES
Book And journals
Aveyard, H. and Bradbury-Jones, C., 2019. An analysis of current practices in undertaking
literature reviews in nursing: Findings from a focused mapping review and synthesis. BMC
medical research methodology, 19(1), pp.1-9.
Butler, D. L. and Cartier, S. C., 2018. Advancing research and practice about self-regulated
learning: The promise of in-depth case study methodologies.
Fedina, L. and DeForge, B. R., 2017. Estimating the trafficked population: Public-health research
methodologies may be the answer. Journal of Human Trafficking. 3(1). pp.21-38.
Fink, A., 2019. Conducting research literature reviews: From the internet to paper. Sage
publications.
Henrique, D.B. and Godinho Filho, M., 2020. A systematic literature review of empirical
research in Lean and Six Sigma in healthcare. Total Quality Management & Business
Excellence, 31(3-4), pp.429-449.
Konstantakis, M. and Caridakis, G., 2020. Adding culture to UX: UX research methodologies
and applications in cultural heritage. Journal on Computing and Cultural Heritage
(JOCCH). 13(1). pp.1-17.
Sadeghi, R. and et. al. 2020. Dual Antiplatelet Therapy before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting;
a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine,
8(1). e61.
Strandås, M. and Bondas, T., 2018. The nurse–patient relationship as a story of health
enhancement in community care: A meta‐ethnography. Journal of advanced
nursing, 74(1), pp.11-22.
Vaismoradi, M. and Snelgrove, S., 2019, September. Theme in qualitative content analysis and
thematic analysis. In Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung/Forum: Qualitative Social
Research (Vol. 20, No. 3).
Online
CASP CHECKLIST, 2020. [Online] Available Through: <https://casp-uk.net/casp-tools-
checklists/>