HLSC122 Assessment 3: Critical Appraisal of E-Cigarette Evidence

This report, prepared for HLSC122, critically appraises the effectiveness of e-cigarettes for smoking cessation, using Joanne's case study as a focal point. It examines authorship, research questions, design, methods, and results of relevant studies, particularly focusing on the comparison between e-cigarettes and other nicotine replacement therapies. The analysis includes a discussion of e-cigarette use in clinical practice, highlighting its acceptance and potential benefits, while also addressing the barriers to implementation, such as limited data and resource constraints. The report concludes with a summary of the key findings, emphasizing the need for further research, especially concerning the health effects of nicotine-free and nicotine-containing e-cigarettes, to provide a comprehensive understanding of their impact on public health and smoking cessation strategies. The references used in the study are also listed to provide more in-depth information about the subject.

Page 1 of 7
Title page
Student Name:
HLSC122 Semester 2, 2018
Assessment 3: Critical appraisal of evidence
Word count:
Student name/student number

Page 2 of 7
Introduction
Smoking cessation is one of the most significant topics due to its rationality. The number
of smoker around Australia is increasing in Australia gradually. Thus, there is a wide importance
for effective intervention for smoking habit. The use of E-cigarette is growing exponentially
throughout the world for its relevance to mitigate the smoking habit. In general, the e-cigarette
has nicotine which is generally used to detach the user from the tobacco-related products. The E-
Cigarettes mainly comprises of nicotine and non-nicotine based chemicals. The solution of the e-
cigarette creates the aerosol which influences the user (Brown, Beard, Kotz, Michie& West,
2014). Consumption of E-cigarette reduces the willingness of smoking which is correlated to the
public health development. This study will analyze the effectiveness of E-cigarette for the
cessation of smoking habit based on Joanne’s case study. The study is segregated into
authorship, research question, research design, research methods, and results. The part of the
study will analyze the critical appraisal of the ER-cigarette in the clinical practices and potential
barriers for the implementation of anti-smoking habits. The concluding part has summarized the
key outcomes of the study.
PART A
Authorship
The holistic effects of E-cigarettes have been discussed in the study by the researcher.
The maintenance and comparison of the nicotine and non-nicotine products have been discussed
have been segregated in this research work Apart from that, the authors continue to focus on the
alternative way of replacing the tobacco products. The design, method and the result of the
research express the appropriateness of the research of the author (Brown et al., 2014).
Research Question
How effective are e-cigarettes compared to other nicotine replacement therapies for smoking
cessation in adults?
Student name/student number

Page 3 of 7
The topic and the appropriateness of the question are rational. Joanne’s effort to start the
Airbnb business was not getting success due to his smoking habit as the rental property of
Airbnb business does not support the smoking habit. On the contrary, the business naturally
obliges her to leave the habit of smoking. Joanne was in search of smoking alternatives as she
was not willing to attain the yoga class. She finds E-cigarette to be a better alternative for
nicotine smoking. (Corrigan-Curay, Sacks & Woodcock, 2018). The e-cigarette is very useful
and easy to use. Like the other users, Joanne wants to use it. She prefers the e-cigarette over the
other nicotine products.
Research Design
The discussion about the benefits and disadvantages of using the e-cigarette shows the
exact figure of using the e-cigarette. The members of the different stream have been invited to
review the progress of using the e-cigarette. The smokers of the participants are also been invited
to see the exact progress of using the e-cigarette (Doss, Ayodele & Mbe, 2017). The participants
are asked about the status of the smoking. Most of the smokers agree that their rate of smoking is
decreased compared to the previous years due to using the e-cigarette. The other participants say
that they use the other nicotine products which are supposed to more effective than the e-
cigarette. According to the question of the research, a quantitative survey-based research design
is done to collect the data from the users of E-Cigarettes.
Research methods
The expert researchers take the opinion and review the opinion of the participant's
members from the different age group. They divided the participants according to specific age
group; 18-24, 25-39 at this way. The members of the panel observe the entire research over the
participants' school, secondary level, and the higher secondary school. Apart from that, they
categorized the group based on their income and status (Ghafoor, 2017).
Results
The overall results show the effectiveness of using the e-cigarette. The studies have been
conducted by a healthcare institute and it is found that the users of the e-cigarette are considered
as the more effective as the others who use the other nicotine related products. The study has
Student name/student number

Page 4 of 7
been conducted among the 1242 people, 18 % of them expresses their view on the effectiveness
of using the e-cigarette. Most of the participant expresses that they are now able to stay without
tobacco products (Filippidis, Laverty & Vardavas, 2016). By using the e-cigarette, it is found
that the pollution is decreased gradually. By using the e-cigarette, the users are now able to leave
the cigarette and show a significant healthcare improvement. However, the outcome of the
survey has signified that there is only a little difference between the e-cigarette and non-nicotine
smoking and both have the effectiveness of quality care improvement.
PART B
Critical appraisal in clinical practice
There is a wide acceptance of e-cigarette in the clinical healthcare setting. The healthcare
professionals use this as quality care tools for the healthcare improvement of the smokers.
(Kalkhoran & Glantz, 2016). In the healthcare setting, the e-cigarettes are advised by the
healthcare professionals to reduce the smoking habit. However, the e-cigarette contains some
harmful ingredients that have a little effect on the lungs. Thus, a control consumption of e-
cigarette can be beneficial for the healthcare wellbeing. The overall health effect on the E-
cigarette should be less than that of the conventional ones in the opinion of some researchers
(Greenhalgh et al., 2017).
Adult users are getting aware of the situation and they are transferring to the E-cigarette.
AS per the case study, the co0nsumption of e-cigarette can be beneficial for Joanne (Kotz,
Brown & West, 2014).
Barriers to the application of research
Source of data is very limited. Thus, it is impossible to gather exact evidence to
understand the importance of e-cigarette. Lack of sufficient data is the key barrier to the
research. In some of the research paper, it is seen that the researchers refer to the nicotine fewer
e-Cigarettes which have a liquid cartridge to recharge (Rüther et al., 2014). Lack of sufficient
resources is also an important barrier for this research work. More data is required for a proper
analysis of the Nicotine Free E-cigarettes with the other modes should have more data. The
proper conclusion cannot be drawn from the research. Another point is there that E-cigarettes
which are with nicotine's it has health effects(Shaikh, Nugawela&Szatkowski, 2015).
Student name/student number

Page 5 of 7
Appropriate research should be done on the health effects of the conventional cigarettes and the
nonconventional cigarettes it will help in taking a proper decision to the public like Joane.
Conclusion
The research was done on the evidence-based nursing weather e-Cigarettes have good
implication over other materials to replace conventional cigarettes. In conclusion, it can be said
more baseline data's should be acquired by the researchers for this research. According to the
research paper, the differences between the E-cigarette and the other product is to some extent
clear but the difference in the health effects of the nicotine free E-cigarettes and with nicotine e-
cigarettes are not clear. On the contrary, it is seen that it is seen that the nicotine free E-cigarettes
causes less damage to the person than the conventional E-cigarettes(West, Shahab& Brown,
2016). The problem lies in the sensation during consuming the nicotine free E-cigarette. After
consuming the nicotine free e cigarettes the consumers does not have the same level of sensation.
This is some of the contradiction found in the research about the use of e-cigarettes over other
materials. To conclude further substantial research is needed to provide appropriate data to take
proper decisions.
Student name/student number

Page 6 of 7
References
Brown, J., Beard, E., Kotz, D., Michie, S., & West, R. (2014). Real-world effectiveness
of e-cigarettes when used to aid smoking cessation: a cross-sectional
population study. Addiction, 109(9), 1531-1540. doi: 10.1111/add.12623
Corrigan-Curay, J., Sacks, L., & Woodcock, J. (2018).Real-World Evidence and Real-
World Data for Evaluating Drug Safety and Effectiveness. JAMA, 320(9),
867.doi: 10.1001/jama.2018.10136
Doss, D., Ayodele, O., &Mbe, Q. (2017). Nurses’ knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and
practices regarding electronic cigarettes: A cross- sectional study. Tobacco
Prevention & Cessation, 3(9), 63-95.doi: 10.18332/tpc/76550
Filippidis, F., Laverty, A., &Vardavas, C. (2016). Experimentation with e-cigarettes as a
smoking cessation aid: a cross-sectional study in 28 European Union
member states. BMJ Open, 6(10), e012084.doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-
012084
Ghafoor, F. (2017). Real-World Effectiveness of Intravenous Stroke Thrombolysis was
more than the expectation of a group of practicing neurologists. Journal Of
Medical Science And Clinical Research, 5(11), 36-105. doi:
10.18535/jmscr/v5i11.87
Kalkhoran, S., &Glantz, S. (2016). E-cigarettes and smoking cessation in real-world and
clinical settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet
Respiratory Medicine, 4(2), 116-128. doi: 10.1016/s2213-2600(15)00521-4
Kelly, M., Heath, I., Howick, J., & Greenhalgh, T. (2017). The importance of values in
evidence-based medicine. BMC Medical Ethics, 16(1), 16-38. doi:
Student name/student number

Page 7 of 7
10.1186/s12910-015-0063-3
Kotz, D., Brown, J., & West, R. (2014).Prospective Cohort Study of the Effectiveness of
Smoking Cessation Treatments Used in the “Real World”. Mayo Clinic
Proceedings, 89(10), 1360-1367. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.07.004
Rüther, T., Wissen, F., Linhardt, A., Aichert, D., Pogarell, O., & De Vries, H. (2014).
EPA-1692 – Electronic-cigarettes (e-cigarettes) in Germany - a smoking
cessation aid?. European Psychiatry, 29, 1.doi: 10.1016/s0924-
9338(14)78835-2
Shaikh, W., Nugawela, M., &Szatkowski, L. (2015). What are the main sources of
smoking cessation support used by adolescent smokers in England? A
cross-sectional study. BMC Public Health, 15(1).doi: 10.1186/s12889-015-
1925-9
West, R., Shahab, L., & Brown, J. (2016).Estimating the population impact of e-
cigarettes on smoking cessation in England. Addiction, 111(6), 1118-1119.
doi: 10.1111/add.13343
Student name/student number