This report provides a comprehensive critical appraisal of two qualitative and two quantitative research studies focusing on healthcare. The qualitative studies by Cho et al. (2013) and Ghasemi et al. (2017) examine factors associated with sharp injuries (SI) and needle stick injuries (NSI) among nurses, risk factors, and the role of visual function. The quantitative studies by El-Melligy, Saad-Hussein and Khalil (2016) investigate the risk of exposure to hepatitis B and C viruses among Egyptian healthcare workers and the prevalence of NSI in Ghana, including related factors such as HBV infection and preventive measures. The appraisal covers background, methodology, results, and ethical considerations, including the strengths and limitations of each study. The analysis also highlights the implications for healthcare practice, such as improving training and implementing universal precautions. The report emphasizes the importance of considering biases, sample size, and ethical guidelines in research design.
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