A Critical Appraisal Report on Health Promotion and Public Health

This report critically appraises health promotion and public health strategies, focusing on the impact of intermittent straight catheters for children with urinary tract infections (UTIs). It begins with a background and rationale for the chosen topic, emphasizing the importance of public health awareness regarding UTIs in children, including symptoms, risks, and preventative measures. The methodology section details the databases used, keywords, Boolean operators, and inclusion/exclusion criteria for article selection. The results section summarizes key findings from six selected articles, covering topics such as novel therapies, mobility barriers in cancer treatment, postoperative care, UTI symptoms in children, and the effectiveness of CDIC for short-term use. The report also addresses ethical considerations in research and concludes with emerging themes and recommendations for improving UTI management in children. Desklib offers a variety of study tools, including access to solved assignments and past papers, to support students' academic success.

Critical Appraisal for Health
Promotion and Public Health

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
CHAPTER 1 : BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE...................................................................3
Summarize the importance of public health- UTI.......................................................................3
Key areas of interested.................................................................................................................4
Preliminary background...............................................................................................................4
CHAPTER 2 : METHODOLOGY..................................................................................................5
Library data base..........................................................................................................................5
The framework used to formulate the question...........................................................................5
Keywords.....................................................................................................................................5
Use of boolean operators.............................................................................................................5
Use of truncation..........................................................................................................................5
Number of articles have been selected........................................................................................5
Inclusion/exclusion criteria..........................................................................................................5
Ethical consideration...................................................................................................................5
CHAPTER 3 : RESULTS................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER 4: CRITICAL APPRAISAL.........................................................................................8
CHPATER 5: EMERGING THEMES............................................................................................9
CHATER 6: RECOMMENDATION............................................................................................10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12
APPENDIX....................................................................................................................................13
PRISMA model.........................................................................................................................13

INTRODUCTION
Public health is awareness regarding health and safety of people, this is method of
promoting and protecting people from any kind of harming activities. Public health is art of
preventing and keeping people safe from diseases, this process allow public to improve their
quality of life. Children with the UTI many have throw up, fever or be fussy. On other hand,
older children may have the fever, or having lower belly pain etc. They happen when the bacteria
get into the kidneys or bladder. Some children have problem with their bladder which makes
them more likely to get UTI. Narrowing the urinary tract that can block the urine and allow
multiplying germs. This can help the doctor to find out the extract germs that caused by children
UTI and right type of medicine must be prescribed to kill them (Abdeen and Badreldin, 2021).
UTI is not common in children younger than five age and most common in girls. Symptoms vary
by age, that can include the fever, pain and crying. Government and healthcare organizations
always try to rise this topic in public, much healthcare promotion is been done through campaign
where awareness about individual health and safety is ensured. The report have been divided
among the various chapter, in which this chapter one will discuss background and rationale for
the selected topic. Chapter two, which explain about methodology and chapter three related to
results that describe given articles. Along with this chapter four and five will examine critical
appraisal and emerging themes. Moreover, about the chapter six that discuss the recommendation
for the selected topic on public health.
Aim-
“The impact of using an intermittent straight catheter for children suffering from UTI.”
CHAPTER 1 : BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE.
Summarize the importance of public health- UTI
Urinary tract infection is one of the most common bacterial infection in children. This infection
that affect the upper part of the urinary tract or the lower urinary tract. Prompt diagnosis and
appropriate treatment are very important to reduce the morbidity that is associated with the
condition. The infection that can occur anywhere at urinary but, most commonly they occur in
bladder. It left untreated UTI that can lead the kidney infection, especially in children at younger
age (DaJusta and Fuchs, 2020). It goes happen untreated for months; the main queries about the
associated UTI that the infection may spread in body and that can cause the bacteria in kidney
and also cause the damage that will permanently reduce the function of kidney. In many people,

it seems that already they are facing huge issues in kidney and causes the risk of kidney failure.
The people should have required taking the action and making sure that their children are not
facing huge issues from such kind of infection. However, body that often the minor,
uncomplicated UTI without having the antibiotics (Zeigler, Modes and Deshpande, 2020).
While, this can also cause many other infection that can direct effect to kidney. In these cases,
people can try to have the home remedies to speed recovery from such things that require
medical treatment. One of the best prevention from the UTI that can be, drink plenty of water
because this can work to help flush away bacteria that can causes the infection.
Key areas of interested
It also has main purpose for developing the knowledge among people with having different
infection diseases and how this can prevented. The procedure which makes the magnetic imaging
scan of the urinary tract's without the use of dyes or radioactive materials (Holroyd, 2018). The
another reason can be urinary tract is the part of body, while for knowing about what prevention
action must be taken by the doctor or healthcare towards the infection. Risk factor that can
causes the ability to empty the bladder which is most important against an infection, normal flow
of urine children to UTI. This is also important for knowing about how the prevention must be
important for the people from such infection and what precaution must be taken by the people.
The main purpose of the research is to overview about the impact of using an intermittent
straight catheter for children suffering from UTI. It is also important to treat the UTI promptly
because it causes left untreated infection that can spread to the kidney and which is serious that
can cause the permanent damage. It is also important for the people in knowing about such
diseases that causes in children. Along with this how it can prevent from taking various treatment
and be careful before occurring such type of diseases.
Preliminary background
Urinary tract's infection that can marker possible urinary tract abnormalities and are likely to
result in recurrent infection. Related contribution of each factor that can renal failure and
hypertension but do not have the evidence for definitive treatment (Mao and et.al 2021). Very
young children and infants that may only show the non-specific signs including vomit, fever or
many other activities. The healthcares that also provide prescribe medication for their pain or
fever. This important for the doctor in knowing about infection problem in the urinary system
and why children is suffering from such infection. Moreover, the people should also prepare with

action in having such kind of diseases and this can cause the bad impact on children body
(Torella and et.al 2021). Renal scan such type of material that have been injected into vein and
followed through the urinary tract. This also seems that small amount of kidney issues, can cause
kidney tissue damage and course of the urine.
CHAPTER 2 : METHODOLOGY
Library data base
CINAHL plus full text
EMBASE
MEDLINE
HAPI
The framework used to formulate the question
What is the impact of using an intermittent straight catheter for children suffering from UTI?
Keywords
Urinary tract infection, infectious diseases, children, Health research, technology, program
planning, development/ professional preparation and evaluation
Use of boolean operators
Here, in making such research various type of boolean operator have been used such as, AND,
OR, NOT, AND NOT.
Use of truncation
In this research, at searching various truncation have been used such as, UTI meaning, impact of
using an intermittent straight catheter, how children are suffering from UTI, prevention from the
UTI for children.
Number of articles have been selected
Six articles have been searched for making the research.
Inclusion/exclusion criteria
For making the research recent year data have been collected, no more language was created.
Ethical consideration.
Ethical consideration is the collection of values and principles that followed while doing the
human affairs. The ethical consideration which makes sure those no-one acts about the way that
is not harmful to individual or society (Michalak and et.al 2018). It is most important part for
research and relevant websites articles have been used for making such kind of research.

Basically, this starts from the initial design of the given study and have the aim with good
results, this should also ensure repairability, and transparency etc. in this research secondary
have been used and make the relevant use of websites which are being required. Use of
secondary data that meet out with some key of ethical condition such as: consent of study that
can be reasonably presumed, outcomes of the analysis must be not allowed, use of data which is
not result in any damage or distress and so on. The content does not harm to any society, and
also have the better results for communication. In having ethical consideration this seems to be
important and help the scholar for searching with relevant websites (Michel, 2018). The work
which is done that have the largely contributes to ensuring that all ethics condition are met.
Ethical consideration for the research which keep always appropriate acknowledged and
referenced for searching the research given topic. Along with this also try to ensure that not more
five-year articles or data have been collected in making the research relevant. Here the scholar
have also selected the signs terms of use, provide assurance for the security data at once
possession, data accessed via secure portal and raw data have been processed by the collection or
gathered sources into form. In this data have not been linked to further data that participants have
made public-ally available on social media sites. This also seems that access through such
system that required details application, signature of contracts, term of use some pledge and
scholar that work more towards collecting or gathering data (Nye, 2018). The ethics
consideration which plays the effective role for the collecting sources for secondary data and this
could be easier in having the data collection.
CHAPTER 3 : RESULTS
Article one-
The article is based on the therapies that have the potentially to critically extend with the
range on application, treating about the range of diseases currently or injected drugs. Children
are suffering from the vast diseases, prevention must be important for such diseases. Along with
this investigating about the therapies, the field that will develop the standards to ensure the
widespread clinical translation and being treated with having effective outcomes. The project
that also relies on the growth and development with interfaces and methods of decoding the body
condition. The continue in the upcoming time, stimulation devices is far as from over and new
therapies that have been developed.
Article two-

People with having disability mobility barriers to cancer compromising, treatment quality
of care and have the potentially outcomes. This might be important for further training and
proactive planning for the better treatment and rehabilitation which must warranted. In setting up
of the accessibility about the barriers, keep facilitate barriers efforts to accommodate with
suffering from the diseases and improve the quality of care in treating with infection. Along with
this more about the council for continuing with medical education that provided for medication
and suffering from the diseases.
Article three-
This is associated with the considerable mobility and postoperative care that are
necessary for its having timely, management and direction. Likely, to be increasing prolonged
about the operative time and increasing the associated with density. Many of the certain factors
that could be related within having the procedures, policies are of value in predicting infection
complication and these factors are not consistent. The patients which are suffering from the
various infections that can cause the higher incident access and contrast the association between
the many studies. The prevention which must be important and play the effective role towards
having the better estimated concepts.
Article four-
The infection that can affect the various part into body and bacteria get into bladder or to the
kidney. This also discuss that some kids have the problem with their bladder and it caused by
bacteria or some other bacteria spread from the bladder. UTI can vary depends on the degree of
child age and infection. The very young children may not be having experience about any
symptoms. The infections that have been travelled to kidney and causes many other diseases
such as high fever, skin flushed or warm, irritability etc.
Article five-
This prospective study is about for demonstrating the CDIC that may be safe and create the
effective for short term use. The alternative for such things that involves about the schedule
daytime bladder warrants further consideration. This could also not create the important
difference that has been observed in short form health survey. Along with this also physical
limitation to bladder function that decreased importance from the baseline to the week.
Individual that disorder using the screening at putting multidisciplinary clinic appointment. This

must be important for having intervention for quality of life outcome measure, labs emerging
that are being obtained at some specified interval visits and compared about the baseline.
Article six-
To extent with the intermittent catheterization which has benefits that helps to prevent from the
urinary infection and there are psychological and physiological at some risk factor. This must be
also important to well known and deserve investigate about the primary objective various ways
to explore the emotional effects. The performing are generally about the socially connected
within the decreasing of positive attributes, whereas not require having the negative attributes.
This could be also suggested that clinicians reinforce the positive attributes that can require to
work within the social connectivity and being part of their patient education.
CHAPTER 4: CRITICAL APPRAISAL
Critical appraisal Article one Article two Article three
Exploration of
limitation
Time constraints Conflicts arise from
the culture and other
personal issues
Limited access of data
have been provided
Strength of paper This have the strength
for creativity
This quickly reveal
and written by most of
the specific topic
Leaner, belief
Issues of validity Testing and selection
basis
Social interaction and
have the attrition
(O’Brien, 2021)
This have the proper
history in given
articles
Reliability It is important for
researcher to make
use of appropriate
sources that are
reliable and valid.
So, it is important to
have knowledge in
researcher of
identifying the
difference between
authenticate and
unauthenticated
sources. In this
context it can also be
said that scholar
Those sources or
books and journals
that are old from 5
years can not provide
the latest information.
Several changes
happen surrounding
us and in business
environment and
according to these

should focus on
gathering secondary
data information from
sources that have been
published not more
than 5 years.
changes, data also get
changes
Generalisability the major part of
secondary research
involves making use
in this research and
already used such as
established and
known data (Santos,
2018). Hence, the data
have been collected
from various books,
journals, new articles
and studies from any
previous things and
some other basis
knowledge about this
topic.
This report being
making more relevant
and relatable and what
situation right now
have been faced in
upcoming future that
might be not possible
will be faced.
There is no
requirement of
investing much time
in analysing gathered
data if they have been
collected from such
sources. For this
study, majority of
secondary data have
been collected from
sources that have
copyright.
CHPATER 5: EMERGING THEMES
Article one- clinical application and perspective, important and emerging various approaches for
developing therapies and previously more about the focusing on various activities. Article two-
that indicates about the treatment experience for the patients with the mobility. These experience
barriers to treatment compromising the quality of care and potentially outcomes with having
their effective things and essential concepts (Stephen and et.al 2019). Article three- that
emerging themes about the complication of UTI infection. It is associated with the considerable
mortality and morbidity that decision and postoperative care are being necessary and timely

prevention for the management and decision. Article four- department of urology, injuries during
infection and renal cysts. This can be emerging themes for the given articles and seems to be
developed with having the huge searching about the given topic. Article five- use of close
catheter for te patients with spinal cord disorder and effect on bladder of children. This
prospective which provide the initial assessment of safety, quality of life, and closed indwelling
catherization (Sultan and et.al 2020). Article six- emotional attribute which keep the positive
concept and quality of life associated. A search for the peer reviewed and aspects investigate of
life, health and limitation.
CHATER 6: RECOMMENDATION
This could be recommend that role for the health care sector will be improve of families,
individual and communities by addressing them with some social determinants. Along with this
also working with providing the equitable, accessible care for all across with the identification
the system and barriers to achieve the goals. The current and future development that are being
required to work with different level, also including the collaborative practice for models and
address those challenges which they are facing in developing the public health care sector.
System facilitators that achieved the employee, across all levels of public health education
(Svetanoff and et.al 2021). The articles also recommend about the training and competency
development needed to prepare about the public care setting. Along with this also lead the efforts
to build the culture of health and health equity. The ability for the health care sector is to change
the creating system which bridges the delivery of social needs and health care in the community.
While having such things employee must be require for having proper training and provided
them with feedback so that could be easier for completion about their goals and objective.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it had been concluded that, children suffering from UTI need to keep
consult from the doctor and try to take some prevention. This must be important for the people in
knowing about the prevention activities and try to take action before this becomes the infection.
Along with this also examined about the various articles in which author have discuss their views
and recommend some of strategies for improving the diseases. The various articles have make
the proper use of thoughts and try to make sure that articles keep supporting towards making the
report. This might be also important for having emerging theme so that according to articles
perspective that can be increased and have the positive attributes.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Abdeen, B.M. and Badreldin, A.M., 2021. Urethral Strictures. StatPearls [Internet].
DaJusta, D.G. and Fuchs, M.E., 2020. Complex Bladder Reconstruction. In Minimally Invasive
and Robotic-Assisted Surgery in Pediatric Urology (pp. 209-222). Springer, Cham.
Holroyd, S., 2018. How intermittent self-catheterisation can promote independence, quality of
life and wellbeing. British Journal of Nursing. 27(Sup15), pp.S4-S10.
Mao, C. and et.al 2021. Quantitative Evaluation of Upper Urinary Tract Pump Function in Pigs
With Acute Unilateral Lower Ureteral Obstruction by 640-slice Dynamic Volume CT.
Michalak, J.R. and et.al 2018. Sacral Neuromodulation for Overactive Bladder. In Adult and
Pediatric Neuromodulation (pp. 25-46). Springer, Cham.
Michel, K.P., 2018. Implementation of an Antibiotic Stewardship Program for Urinary Tract
Infections. Wilmington University (Delaware).
Nye, A.I., 2018. Experience of Nurses in Caring for Patients with Short Term Indwelling Urinary
Catheters during Hospitalization: A Challenge to Reshape Caring Practices. Washington
State University.
O’Brien, M., 2021. Upper Urinary Tract Obstruction. In Practical Pediatric Urology (pp. 113-
246). Springer, Cham.
Santos, J.M.R., 2018. Ureteroscopy from the recent past to the near future. Urolithiasis. 46(1).
pp.31-37.
Stephen, C.D. and et.al 2019. The comprehensive management of cerebellar ataxia in
adults. Current treatment options in neurology. 21(3). pp.1-17.
Sultan, A.A. and et.al 2020. Removal of a urinary catheter before discontinuation of epidural
analgesia is associated with an increased risk of postoperative urinary retention and
hospital episode costs in patients undergoing surgical correction for adolescent idiopathic
scoliosis. Spine deformity. 8(2). pp.195-201.
Svetanoff, W.J. and et.al 2021. Neonatal Renal Failure in the Setting of Anorectal Malformation:
A Case Report and Literature Review. Cureus. 13(5).
Torella, M. and et.al 2021. Sacral Neuromodulation. In Urologic Surgery in the Digital Era (pp.
97-109). Springer, Cham.
Zeigler, L.N., Modes, K.B. and Deshpande, J.K., 2020. Anesthesia for Pediatric Urological
Procedures. Gregory's Pediatric Anesthesia, pp.813-833.

APPENDIX
PRISMA model
Research identify through database searching
(n = 2064)
Additional record that have been identify
through some other sources (n=117)
Records after duplicates removed,
(n= 969)
Records that have been screened
(n=969)
Records that have been excluded
(N=859)
Full text articles
(n= 110)
Studies which are included in systematic
review (n=19)
Full text articles
(n=6)