Critical Analysis of Research: COVID-19 Lived Experience

This report offers a critical analysis of research concerning the lived experiences of COVID-19. It begins with an introduction that identifies the research question, the chosen research article, the problem statement, and the rationale for the study, emphasizing the psychological and social impacts of the pandemic. The report then delves into the research methodology, detailing the research philosophy (Interpretivism), strategy, approach (Inductive), and methods (qualitative). It assesses the validity and reliability of the chosen research article and utilizes the CASP tool to appraise the strengths and weaknesses of the qualitative research methodology. The discussion section highlights the physical and psychological manifestations of COVID-19, including nervous system, respiratory system, and psychological disorders. The report concludes by summarizing the key findings and implications, emphasizing the importance of understanding the lived experiences during the pandemic. References are included to support the analysis.

Critical Analysis of Research

Table of Content.
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
Research question........................................................................................................................1
Identification of Research Article................................................................................................1
Problem statement.......................................................................................................................2
Rationale for the Research...........................................................................................................2
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY....................................................................................................3
Research philosophy....................................................................................................................3
Research strategy.........................................................................................................................3
Research approach.......................................................................................................................3
Research methods........................................................................................................................4
Validity........................................................................................................................................4
Reliability....................................................................................................................................4
CASP Tool...................................................................................................................................4
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................6
JUSTIFICATION............................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
A Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus also called as coronavirus illness 2019, was
specifically discovered within the Wuhan, China in the late 2019. Though the outbreak of
infectious virus has outcome in the variations of the severity of specific symptoms, the infectious
nature of the virus generally quickly rises within the global pandemic. It has been found out by
the reports that the number of COVID-19 cases was generally on the decline until the fall in the
year 2020, when the individual’s rate about infection with the coronavirus has begun to enhance
with the varying nature of severity after the social gathering that is linked with the fall as well as
winter holiday seasons. The outbreak of coronavirus generally causes the viral infection among
the residents within the region, consisting those who are unsure how and when they have been
contaminated. The WHO generally has confirmed a COVID-19 within the region like America,
Africa, Europe and more. The outbreak of coronavirus had made both positive and negative
psychological as well as social effects on the public (Antonova, Schlosser, Pandey & Kumari,
(2021)). The government has produced specific guidelines that the contact among people should
be decreased to effectively control the spread of illness within the nation. Along with the positive
consequences, there are also an implementation of such well-being policies has been linked with
the negative psychological consequences as well. Due the outbreak of COVID-19, the mental
well-being of the people has been significantly threatened due to having the fear of adapting
infectious virus, publishing the rumours and misinformation, having fear of mortality and so on.
Within the research project, there is a discussion about the essence of lived experience of
COVID-19 among the public. It will cover the specific research methodology sections which
include the description about search strategy and many more. In addition to this, it will include
comparison among some of the chosen research articles using CASP tool linked with the topic of
interest.
Research question
“To determine the essence of lived experience of COVID-19.”
Identification of Research Article
From the provided three research articles, the chosen article is about essence of lived
experience of COVID-19. In the year 2020, the World Health Organization has declared the
novel coronavirus, a COVID-19, a global pandemic. There are generally the specific components
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which lead towards outbreak consisting the high contamination rate, having lack of
understanding about the virus as well as the absence of treatment or a vaccine as well. In
addition, the number of cases linked with outbreak of COVID-19 was on the downfall until the
fall 2020, when the rate of infection of individual’s contaminated with the outbreak of
coronavirus generally has begun to enhance with the varying degree of severity after the social
gatherings generally linked with the fall as well as the winter holiday seasons. The rate of
coronavirus surge mainly outcomes in the quarantine as well as a mitigation evaluation to
effectively stop the spread of infection. Within this, understanding the experience for the care
nurses as well as various other well-being care givers to aid those who are mainly suffering from
the coronavirus. The chosen article is all about to effectively understand the essence of lived
experience of COVID-19 (The Lived Experience of COVID-19, 2021).
Problem statement
The main problem within the report such as various psychological issues specifically linked with
COVID-19. It has been reported in most of the COVID cases that people might suffer from
anxiety and depression mainly characterised by the low mood, poor sleep, tiredness, appetite,
guilty, feeling helpless, pessimism with having a gradual decrease in the work output as well. In
addition, people above the age group of 40 t0 50, are more vulnerable and specifically requires a
special care which should be taken for them (Droit-Volet & et. al., (2020)). During the COVID-
19, the strain of the coronavirus can directly make impact over the lungs, and decreases its
capacity as well as restricting the consumption of oxygen as well as leading towards Acute
Respiratory Disorder Syndrome and pneumonia as well. Hence, it is essential to determine the
specific interventions which are linked with reduction of COVID-19 impact on young and older
adults as well. Furthermore, a healthy lifestyle is also required to reduce the impact of outbreak.
Rationale for the Research
The rationale of the research is well articulated and given with the context of both personal
and professional enhancement. The research is mainly conducted to know or highlight the topic
which is important for the public to know about it. The outbreak of COVID-19 has made both
negative and positive impact on the public living. There is various psychological distress linked
with the outbreak of COVID-19 such as anxiety, depression, social isolation, mental health and
many more. In this, a social stigma is mainly a discrimination against a specific group of people,
a place or a country within the form of a negative belief or attitude as well. Public well-being
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emergencies are generally the more stressful conditions for the people as well as societies. In
addition, anxiety and fear consisting a lack of understanding or knowledge about the illness
generally lead towards the social stigma.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research philosophy
A Research philosophy is particularly a system of the scientific thoughts, following which the
fresh, reliable knowledge as per the research objects which are obtained. A research philosophy
is mainly based over the investigation which consist the research strategy choices, the
formulation of the problem, information collection along with its process and analysis. It
includes the four major types such as Realism, Pragmatism, Positivism and Interpretivism. For
doing the study, an Interpretivism approach as a research philosophy is being used. The chosen
research approach is associated with gathering of reliable data with help of various databases and
research articles and Journals and so on. It is generally used within qualitative nature of the
investigation (Heyworth & et. al., (2020)).
Research strategy
A research strategy generally gives a whole path of the investigation, more specifically including
the processes by which the investigation is being conducted. A research strategy is generally a
sequential plan which can render the researcher’s path of thoughts as well as allow them to
efficiently conduct research within a systematic way in a provided time period. There are various
databases online available that can help to collect the most reliable information about the topic of
interest. For doing the research, there is being chosen the databases such as PubMed, PubMed
Central, Cochrane, Medline and so on. The databases can give various information about the
topic of interest which can help to know more as well as understand about it (Kazak & et. al.,
(2021)).
Research approach
A research approach is generally a plan and the procedures for the investigation that can
spans the specific steps from the broad conventions or the descriptive methodologies to
effectively details the specific approaches of information gathering, the analysis and
interpretation as well. In addition, a research approach is mainly of two types that is Deductive
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and Inductive approach. In this, an Inductive approach is being chosen to complete the research
to a topic of interest.
Research methods
A research method in the research methodology can define about the specific approaches
that is being selected in order to complete the investigation in a timely manner. A research
method is generally of three main types such as mono, multi and mixed methods. For the given
study, a mono method such as qualitative method is being chosen which can have provided
relevant information about the research problem. A qualitative study generally includes the data
in the form of words or characters and do not use any statistical value to conclude the resultant.
In addition, a qualitative study mainly addresses how and why a research question can enable an
in-depth understanding about the chosen topic (Literat, (2021)).
Validity
Validity generally means the quality of being accurateness or correctness. The article being
chosen here for the study is quite accurate as the research is of high validity and it generally
produces a result which specifically correspond to the real property, variation and characteristics
within the social or physical world. In addition, a high reliability is generally an indicator which
a measurement is valid.
Reliability
The reliability of a qualitative research generally represents the key aspects of the quality
of investigation. The parameter of both reliability and validity specifically help to differentiate
among the bad and good research. It can also assure the researchers that the findings of the study
are trustworthy and credible as well. In addition to this, the current narrative review was
specifically planned to effectively discuss the necessity of both reliability and validity of the data
gathering or the measurement techniques mainly used within the investigation.
CASP Tool
A CASP generally include an appraisal checklist mainly designed for the use with the
systematic reviews, a randomized control trails, case control studies, qualitative studies and a
clinical prediction rule as well. It is a CASP tool for critically appraising the specific strengths
and weakness of the provided qualitative research methodology.
Criteria/Study Swapnajeet Sahoo Mary Haeng-Mi Son and Nancy Kentish-
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and et. al., 2020 EllenRoberts,
JoyceKnestrick,
LenoreResick,
2021
et. al., 2021 Barnes,
Zoé Cohen-Solal,
Lucas Morin and
et. al., 2021
Clear research
problem?
✔ ❌ ✔ ❌
Qualitative
methodology
suitable?
❌ ✔ ❌ ✔
Appropriate Data
collection
✔ ✔ ❌ ✔
Taken ethics into
consideration?
✔ ✔ ❌ ❌
Clear statement
of findings
✔ ✔ ❌ ✔
Provide
appropriate
justification of the
research problem
✔ ✔ ✔ ❌
Reliable data
addressed as per
research
problem?
❌ ✔ ✔ ❌
Adequate and in-
depth description
of analysis
process,
sufficiently
rigorous data
analysis.
❌ ✔ ✔ ❌
Justification of
significant
✔ ✔ ✔ ✔
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research
DISCUSSION
From the discussion, it has been found out that there are several forms of physical manifestations
that were expressed by the majority of people. The coronavirus had been attacked the various
body systems of the people as well as the physical manifestations involved the nervous system,
gastrointestinal system, respiratory system as well as the systemic manifestations. In context with
the nervous system disorders, it can be within the people with early symptoms of the illness
among most of the people, the critical cause of the referral towards the clinical centres was
specifically reported to be a neurological manifestation like damages sense of taste and smell,
headache, nightmares and insomnia as well. Therefore, the most common nervous system
manifestation was headache, that was reported within the range of mild to extremely severe pain.
In context with respiratory system disorders, it is generally most of the essential cause of the
referral towards the clinical centres as well as the patient hospitalization. Within this, the patients
are generally complained of problems like shortness of breath, coughing, chest pain and sore
throat as well. It also has been finding out that the illness was quite mild in some of the cases and
the patients had no further complaints of the respiratory disorder symptoms. In order to
overcome the specific cause of coronavirus among public, there were also discussed specific
interventions such as home remedies, cognitive behavioural therapy, emotional stability and so
on (Quiros-Roldan & et. al., (2020)).
As per the chosen article, the people having coronavirus infection has a reduced
psychological capacity as well as can experienced a psychological disorder such as fear, anxiety,
depression and negative thoughts as well. It also has been determined that the sleep disorders
were also another disease arises across the nation, that may occur within the isolated wards or
during the quarantine. In the meantime, it also seems that some of its influential elements within
the occurrence of psychological symptoms within the general public can also be associated
towards the concern about specific risks of illness, the future job status and the income sources
for people and their families as well. People generally express their concerns in such regards as
well. The psychological symptoms are more common among people during the quarantine
period, it has been suggested that the well-being care providers should pay special attention
towards this dimension of the evolving illness. The medical manifestations of the illness are
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generally not clear as well as the disorders are associated with the disease generally ranges from
mild to severe. In addition, there are various illness issues which are reported by the public
towards the psychological aspects of the illness. Some of the most common physical problems
were for coughing and fever.
JUSTIFICATION
The specific psychological or emotional experiences of the public frequently outcomes in
depression, anxiety and many more. It is being determined that during the outbreak of
coronavirus, people have lost their control, feeling loneliness, social isolation as well as the
stress attributed to the feeling of fear. Many people will react differently towards the outbreak of
infectious virus and generally experiences fear. In addition, the pandemic frequently triggers a
fear as well as a sense of loss of control. A loss of control generally manifest among various
ways as well as frequently as a mechanism to be in the control. Having a feeling of uncertainly
as well as loss of control specifically outcomes in buying the excess products like a toilet paper
to advance the sense of control (Sevelius & et. al., (2020)).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussion, it has been concluded that the outbreak of COVID-19 had made
a negative impact on people’s well-being. It has been determined that people living with the
corona virus generally report various of the same emotional, psychologic as well as the physical
experiences. Within this, the isolation and quarantine measures are specifically the mechanism
which are being used to control the illness, existing findings of the research specifically
recommend both the negative and positive results following such evaluations. In addition to this,
these such findings can indicate that there are the unintended as well as the specific negative
psychologic consequences of the isolation, having fear of unknown as well as lasting the
physical impacts like depression and anxiety. Overcoming with the feeling produced by
contracting a great contamination of novel virus along with the psychologic impacts of isolation,
embarrassment, loss of control generally has a detrimental impact on the patients generally
coping with the capacity and self-actualization as well. Furthermore, the physical influence of
the novel coronavirus mainly produced an overwhelming fatigue as well as loss of sense of smell
and taste as well as these such as neuromuscular impacts mainly need an understanding and
compassion by the care providers as well.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Antonova, E., Schlosser, K., Pandey, R., & Kumari, V. (2021). Coping with COVID-19:
Mindfulness-based approaches for mitigating mental health crisis. Frontiers in
psychiatry, 12, 563417.
Droit-Volet, S., Gil, S., Martinelli, N., Andant, N., Clinchamps, M., Parreira, L., ... & Dutheil, F.
(2020). Time and Covid-19 stress in the lockdown situation: Time free,«Dying» of
boredom and sadness. PloS one, 15(8), e0236465.
Heyworth, L., Kirsh, S., Zulman, D., Ferguson, J. M., & Kizer, K. W. (2020). Expanding access
through virtual care: The VA’s early experience with Covid-19. NEJM Catalyst
Innovations in Care Delivery, 1(4).
Kazak, A. E., Alderfer, M., Enlow, P. T., Lewis, A. M., Vega, G., Barakat, L., ... & Phan, T. L.
(2021). COVID-19 exposure and family impact scales: factor structure and initial
psychometrics. Journal of Pediatric Psychology, 46(5), 504-513.
Literat, I. (2021). “Teachers act like we’re robots”: TikTok as a window into youth experiences
of online learning during COVID-19. AERA open, 7, 2332858421995537.
Quiros-Roldan, E., Magro, P., Carriero, C., Chiesa, A., El Hamad, I., Tratta, E., ... & Castelli, F.
(2020). Consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on the continuum of care in a cohort of
people living with HIV followed in a single center of Northern Italy. AIDS research and
therapy, 17(1), 1-8.
Sevelius, J. M., Gutierrez-Mock, L., Zamudio-Haas, S., McCree, B., Ngo, A., Jackson, A., ... &
Gamarel, K. (2020). Research with marginalized communities: challenges to continuity
during the COVID-19 pandemic. AIDS and Behavior, 24(7), 2009-2012.
Silva, C. J., Cruz, C., Torres, D. F., Munuzuri, A. P., Carballosa, A., Area, I., ... & Mira, J.
(2021). Optimal control of the COVID-19 pandemic: controlled sanitary deconfinement in
Portugal. Scientific reports, 11(1), 1-15.
Wallace, S., Schuler, M. S., Kaulback, M., Hunt, K., & Baker, M. (2021, July). Nursing student
experiences of remote learning during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In Nursing forum (Vol.
56, No. 3, pp. 612-618).
Online:
The Lived Experience of COVID-19, 2021 [Online] Available through:
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S155541552100177X
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