Critical Evaluation of the Marketing Mix for Inteva Products' Success

This report critically evaluates the marketing mix of Inteva Products, an automotive supplier, examining its product, price, place, and promotion strategies. The analysis identifies four product lines: Motor and Electronics System, Closures System, Door System, and Roof System. The study highlights limitations, such as the Salonta branch's inability to negotiate prices and insufficient brand promotion. Recommendations are provided to improve Inteva's marketing mix, including adopting mass marketing strategies like television and radio advertising and personal selling. The report also discusses marketing mix models like the 4Ps, 7Ps, 8Ps, and 4Cs and suggests strategies for market penetration, development, product development, and diversification using the Ansoff Matrix. The aim is to enhance Inteva's performance in both emerging and developed markets, offering insights into the company's market positioning and competitive landscape.

Running head: CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX
Inteva products
Critical Evaluation of Marketing Mix
1/16/2019

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 1
Executive Summary
The intent of this study is to examine the importance of all the factors of marketing mix that
is product, price, place, and promotion in the success or failure of the company that Inteva in
emerging as well as developing markets. The marketing strategies are very essential for a
business to undertake in order to represent the features and benefits offered by the company's
products in comparison to the competitors' product. The study is focused towards
recommending improvements required in the marketing mix of Inteva Products that could
eventually enhance its performance of the organization. As per the marketing mix, it has been
analyzed that company is involved in the manufacturing of four product lines that are Motor
and Electronics System, Closures System, Door System, and Roof System. Besides this, the
Salonta branch of Inteva product is not allowed to get involved in the price negotiation with
the customers. Inteva Products has worldwide alliance with OEM production with technical
centres and manufacturing operations on five continents that are Europe, South America,
Africa, North America, and Asia. However, company is not able to promote its services in the
market effectively due to which it has low brand recognition. Therefore, in order to increase
brand recognition report has suggested company to adopt mass marketing strategies that is
advertisement through television, radio, hoardings, etc. In addition, company must get
involved in the personal selling in order to have an oral and personal contact with the clients
by using sales representatives.

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 2
Table of Contents
Executive Summary...................................................................................................................1
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
Marketing Mix Models Discussion........................................................................................3
Inteva Marketing Mix............................................................................................................5
Product Strategy of Inteva Products...................................................................................6
Price Strategy of Inteva Products.....................................................................................11
Place Strategy of Inteva Products....................................................................................11
Promotion Strategy of Inteva Products............................................................................13
Marketing Improvement Suggestions..................................................................................14
Product.............................................................................................................................14
Price..................................................................................................................................15
Place.................................................................................................................................16
Promotion.........................................................................................................................17
Ansoff Matrix.......................................................................................................................18
Market Penetration Strategy.............................................................................................18
Market Development........................................................................................................18
Product Development Strategy........................................................................................18
Diversification Strategy...................................................................................................18
Conclusion................................................................................................................................19
References................................................................................................................................20

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 3
Introduction
A marketing model supports an organization to create services and products with best efforts
for earning a profit. It is because the strategy of marketing starts with research, considering
the demand of the target market, strategies adopted by the competitors, and the recent trends
in the market. With the help of this information, a business can define the numerous types of
benefits that are needed by the clients and customers, at what price and the way business can
differentiate its services form the competitors. Besides this, it supports business in
establishing an image and brand in the market (Naert and Leeflang, 2013). The aim of the
study is to represent the importance of marketing models to establish business and enhance its
performance in the market. The study will highlight the application of marketing mix that is
product, price, place, and promotion in Inteva Products. Besides this, SWOT analysis is one
of the essential internal environmental analysis frameworks that support business in
identifying the internal strength, weakness, and opportunities of the business. Moreover, the
models and strategies adopted by the company will be evaluated and rational suggestions will
be provided that can support the company in enhancing its performance in the industry.
Marketing Mix Models Discussion
Market Mix (4Ps)
The report will be majorly based on the marketing mix that is 4Ps. The marketing mix is said
to be a set of tactics and strategies framed by a business to promote its brand or products in
the target market. The 4Ps make up the marketing mix that is product, price, place, and
promotion (Išoraitė, 2016).
Product
Product is an item that is presented in the market to sell. The product should offer a minimum
level of value, or else even the excellent work on another marketing mix element will not
provide benefits to the business.
Price
Price is the amount asked by the business from its target customer in exchange of product
offered.

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 4
Place
Place is said to be a point of sale. In all the industries, getting the attraction of the customers
and encouraging them to purchase the product is the main agenda of place or good
distribution strategy.
Promotion
Promotion is comprised of all the activities undertaken in order to make product visible to the
customer (Bridoux and Kurki, 2014).
7Ps
The 4Ps are presented by the businesses at the time when it is likely to vend its product, in
place of services. Over time, Pitner and Booms included three more extended service mixes
that are People, Physical Evidence, and Processes.
People
Marketing mix is comprised of people, which is focused towards discovering the number of
people in the target market that are in need of services presented by the business (Yasanallah
and Vahid, 2012).
Physical Evidence
Physical Evidence are said to be the material part of every service such as logos, business
reports, website, buildings, signs, etc.
Processes
The processes and system of the business influence the execution of the service, therefore, it
is very important for the business to ensure a well-tailored process in order to reduce the costs
(Alnaser, Ghani and Rahi, 2017).
8Ps
Productivity
Productivity is less related with the company’s internal capability that the capability of offer
the customers well. Productivity is combined with the quality supplied by the business must
be always best.

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 5
Marketing Mix 4Cs
The 4Cs (Cost, Communication, Customer, and Convenience) allow company to think about
the customer interest more than its own interest or benefit.
Customer
Under this aspect, company only focuses on the selling the products that are required by the
customers. This reflects that company only analyses the demand and behaviour of the
customer.
Cost
Cost variable provide detailed information regarding customer in comparison to the price
variable. Price is said to be the amount that customer is ready to pay for the product and cost
is the amount that goes into the service or good production.
Communication
Communication is the activity that is focused towards maintaining relationship with the
consumer with the major focus on its demand and lifestyle.
Convenience
Convenience is the element of marketing mix that is focused towards making it simple, fast,
and easy for the customers to avail the services.
Inteva Marketing Mix
Inteva Products is considered the largest supplier of automotive in the world. It is one of the
original equipment manufacturers in the industry. Headquarter of the company is in trop,
Michigan and operate around 50 sites in five continents. The company is concentrated
towards offering high quality, on a budget, and on time, Inteva possesses worldwide
resources for manufacturing, customer, and engineering services, systematized around four
main product lines that is Roof Systems, Interiors System, Motor and Electronic System, and
Closure Systems.
Inteva Products is involved in the intensely competitive industry, which is regularly throwing
tough challenges on the doorsteps of the business in order to affect the performance of the
company in the industry. Inteva Product is possessed with one of the most talented

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 6
management team that is focused on framing different policies and strategies to effectively
deal with the competition and offer the best services to its clients. The company has planned
a set of tactics and strategies that support in attaining the objective of the business that is to
serve customers in the best possible manner. The strategies and tactics used by the Inteva
Product to attract potential customers are:
Product Strategy of Inteva Products
Inteva Products offers different types of products that are directed towards middle class and
premium class customers. The company is focused towards meeting the requirement and
expectations of the consumers by applying quality practices that can regularly enhance their
procedures and products while upholding a safe and environmentally responsible work area
(Bloomberg, 2019).
Inteva has four product lines that are Motor and Electronics System, Closures System, Door
System, and Roof System (Diop, Riguaud and Cornuault, 2017).
Closure System
The Closure System on Inteva includes Door System and Latching Systems offering best
services to the worldwide consumers. The Latching System of Inteva comprises compartment
latches, electronic actuators, and associated strikers that provide viable functionality,
strength, and performance with diminished package size, cost, and weight (Inteva Products,
2019a). In Door Systems portfolio, Inteva manufactures, engineers, and designs products that
involve the range of window regulators and integrated composite door modules and are
distributed to 2 OEM consumers that are Suzuki and Dacia. Besides this, it is working with 4
intercompany consumers (Rychnov, Inteva Zhengjiang, Matamoros, and Sully sur Loire)
Latching System
Inteva is known as the top manufacturer and supplier of the latch, creating around 42 million
latches yearly. In order to date their expert engineering and manufacturing teams have created
around 2 billion latches offering services to more than 50 consumers globally. Their wide
global engineering and manufacturing footprint offers continuous support for the consumers
across the world (Autonomous vehicles, 2015). Inteva offer best sound performance that is
desired by the customers in their vehicle. The competitive design of the company offers
numerous benefits comprising:

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 7
 Improved crash value
 Exterior styling flexibility
 Compliance of numerous requirement of the consumer for use on lift gates, sliding
doors, side doors, end gates, and cargo doors
 Low mass and compact size with high strength capability
 Enhanced durability
Other latching systems products comprise:
 Liftgate Latches
 Strikers
 Side Door Latches
 Hood Latches
 Sliding Door Latches
 Compartment Latches
 Decklid Latches
Source [(Inteva Products, 2019a)]
Latch category is also categorized into 3 family types (Rear versions, passenger version, and
driver version), 4 functionality types (Super lock safe version, ECL-Electrical Child Lock
button, Central Door Locking type (without safe), and MCL -Mechanical Child Lock button).
Front left driver latches It splits into two with safe and without safe
Front Right Passenger latches safe and without safe
Rear left latches It split into two i.e. Electrical Child Lock
button and Mechanical Child Lock button

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 8
Door Systems
Inteva Products has a strong legacy of around 95 years of experience in door systems, gears,
and modules. To date, company has designed, assembled, and produced more than 600
million window lift systems and 38 million door modules across South America, Europe, and
North America.
Inteva is considered as the leader of the industry in terms of door module innovation,
establishing the first hybrid door module and all composite door modules in the market.
Inteva Product is regularly raising the bar in terms of value-added innovation that enhanced
reliability and performance. Company has advanced door module and window regulator
activities are presently concentrated on the utilization of advanced plastics and addition for
piece-cost savings, high savings for fuel efficiency and decreasing system variations for
enhanced performance (Ogri, Okwong and Etim, 2013).
Inteva Products is the trusted and proven with key experience in the integrated sub-systems
comprising:
 Cables
 Window Regulators
 Door Trim (module based)
 Door Modules (Inteva Products, 2019a)
 Door Handles
 Latching system, handle, and lock
 Power and Signal distribution systems
 Side Mirror actuators

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 9
 Structural components
 Audio systems
Source [(Inteva Products, 2019a)]
Roof System
At present date, Inteva is using advanced technologies in order to fulfill the needs of the top
automakers in all the size, configuration, and shapes while sharing its advanced growth
notions and future vision of the sunroof in autonomous and electric vehicles. Across the
world, the 20-plus roof slides of Inteva is dedicated to reducing mass and noise while
increasing body strength, styling flexibility, opening size, and durability (Inteva Products,
2019a).
Source [(Inteva Products, 2019a)]
Motor & Electronic System
With the progressive internal development competence, Motors and Electronics product line
of Inteva provide a variety of well-organized and robust electric motors for motorized and
light-duty customer applications (Inteva Products, 2019b).
Electronics
 Integrated Anti-Squeeze Systems
 Electronic Door Control Modules

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 10
Motors
 Rollo-Shade Motors
 Window Lift motors
 Seat Motors
 Sunroof motors
Source [(Inteva Products, 2019a)]
In a year, Inteva produces 10 Million Window Lift Systems, 4.5 Million Yards of interterm, 4
Million Roof Modules, 700,000 Cockpits, 3 Million Door Modules, 500,000 Consoles, 6
Million Interior Components, 20 Million Motor, and Electronics Systems. Besides this
company, every day provides 125,000 Latches, which is around 45 Million Latches in a Year.
In Salonta Market Inteva offers, its services to four consumers that are VW Group, Dacia,
Renault Nissan Group, and PSA Group with 10-product lines offered to multiple locations of
the customers in Europe.
Packaging
Packaging of different tools and equipment of car is performed under struck supervision of
the management team such that product can be protected from any kind of damage. Some of
the details of different product packaging is presented below:

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 11
PU Pcs Type Total qty
carton box 12 pallet 180
blue returnable 10 pallet 150
blue returnable 12 pallet 180
green returnable 12 pallet 180
metallic container 14 guiterbox 56
Price Strategy of Inteva Products
The Salonta branch of Inteva products has no right or authority to perform price negotiation
with the consumers in the market. They have a skilled and dedicated team in its sales
corporate department, which is directly responsible to interact and link with the consumers
and create the quotations for the award of a new potential program. The Salonta Branch of
Inteva products is famous for introducing different improvement programs in order to
decrease the product prices yearly for the consumers. For instance, Non-value added
workshop dedicated towards inconsistency reduction and non-value added a project, head
reduction by executing automated structure such as sealing robots, greasing robots, bowl
feeders, OEE upgrading workshop concentrated on decreasing the stoppage, operator
proficiency scrap, and FTQ enhancement (Skyfi Labs, 2019).
Yearly, the company is focusing towards reducing the selling price up to 2% in order to make
the customer happy and satisfied to utilize the top products of Inteva in their car.
Place Strategy of Inteva Products
Inteva Products manufactures, suppliers, and design engineered components and systems to
original equipment manufacturers in the automotive industry. Head office of the company is
established in Troy, with technical and manufacturing centers in Hungary, Romania, Brazil,

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 12
United States, India, China, Czech Republic, Mexico, France, Canada, Spain, Netherlands,
South Africa, Poland, Germany, Slovakia, South Korea, and Japan (Bloomberg, 2019).
Customer Town Country
PSA Trnava Slovakia
Opel Zaragoza Spain
PSA Rennes France
PSA Madrid Spain
PSA Mulhouse France
PSA Poissy France
PSA Vigo Spain
PSA Kenitra Morroco
Inteva Products has worldwide alliance with OEM production with technical centres and
manufacturing operations on five continents that are Europe, South America, Africa, North
America, and Asia (Bloomberg, 2019).
Source[(Bloomberg, 2019)]

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 13
Promotion Strategy of Inteva Products
Inteva products are one of the known and huge organizations that design and manufacture
automotive parts for its clients. It makes use of different methods of promotion that are direct
marketing, public relations, and sales promotion to attract car makers in the automotive
industry (Austomotive Plastic News, 2017).
Direct Marketing
Direct marketing is a type of advertisement in which companies directly communicate with
the customers, with different methods like email, online display ads, promotional letters,
outdoor advertisement, messaging, interactive consumer websites, catalog distribution, etc.
(Subramanian, 2017). Inteva Products communicate its advertisement messages to its clients
with the help of its website and other interactive consumer websites. It also distributes its
catalogs and fliers to different carmakers through sales personnel and sales representatives.
The catalogs and brochures carry the images of different machines and tools in order to
attract its clients.
Sales Promotion
Sales promotion is a kind of non-media and media marketing communication, which is used
by different organizations for a pre-defined limited time in order to increase the demand from
the customer end and increase product availability (Genchev and Todorova, 2017). Inteva

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 14
Products make use of coupons, products samples, trade shows, and exhibitions to target
potential clients to purchase the products. The company organizes different promotional
programs, which is open for every carmaker to visit and understand the features of different
tools manufactured by Inteva Products.
Public Relation
Public relation is also known as publicity of the information regarding the Inteva products,
which is carried by a third party hired by the business in an indirect manner. This comprises
free publicity along with paid efforts to encourage interest and discussion. It could be
accomplished by establishing a big news story indirectly in the media, or representing it
through corporate anniversary parties or press releases (Bernays, 2013).
Marketing Improvement Suggestions
Regular enhancement in the marketing activities supports businesses in attaining an increased
return on investment. Regular enhancement is a form of quality management that is
concentrated towards doing small incremental improvement into a procedure, in place of
putting efforts to attain key changes in the business (Linton, 2019). Inteva Products needs to
make some of the changes in its marketing mix in order to enhance its brand image, brand
recognition, and revenue.
Product
Product is said to be an item that is manufactured by the business to sell in the market. The
product must provide a minimum value to the customers otherwise; other elements of
marketing mix will not be beneficial for the company (Anusha, 2016).
Inteva products are presently designing and manufacturing an extensive range of automotive
parts to its clients in the industry like VW Group, Dacia, Renault Nissan Group, and PSA
Group. It is designing door systems, closure system, Motor and Electronic system, and Roof
System because it has experienced and skilled workforce that support in converting paper
planning into practical implementation.
However, the end user of the car does not recognize Inteva as a key contributor to the
innovations in the automotive industry. In order to enhance the brand image, Inteva Products
can adopt a forward integration strategy by being involved in the manufacturing of vehicles

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 15
along with the manufacturing of their parts. Forward integration is a technique that comprises
a type of vertical integration whereby activities of business are expanded to regulate the
direct distribution or company’s product supply chain (Bresnahan, 2012). This strategy will
help Inteva to increase its revenue, customer base, and brand recognition in the industry.
However, on the other side, this will increase the burden and work pressure of the
management team of Inteva that can directly affect the quality of its products.
Inteva Products can also put its efforts to rename its brand or change the logo of the business,
as through present logo and name company is not able to enhance its brand image and brand
recognition among customers. Moreover, the new logo and name will offer another chance to
Inteva be established in the market as a premium brand for their automobiles.
Furthermore, Inteva Products can work on changing the classic screen that is of round head to
quick screw butterfly. A butterfly screw is in the shape of butterfly, which makes its
appearance more interesting. This butterfly design is ideal for usage in which the axis is
noticeable and hardware is more effective (Müller and Allgöwer, 2012).
Price
Price is value demanded by the company in exchange of its product from the customers in the
target market (Deshpande, 2018).
The Sales Corporate Department of Inteva Products is responsible and accountable for
negotiating the price of its products with its clients, as they are skilled and trained in a
particular area. The company does not allow any other branch to perform the price
negotiation such as Salonta Branch with its clients in order to maintain centralized regulation
and control authority (Inteva Product, 2019b). This is also because to maintain the budget of
the business.
However, centralized price negotiation raises numerous types of difficulties for the workforce
such as unable to interact properly with the customers without price negotiation
accountability. Besides this, it becomes time-consuming for the customers to interact with the
sales team of the main branch for the price negotiation.
In order to improve this procedure, Inteva Products need to allow the Financial Team of
Salonta Broach to negotiating regarding the product prices with the clients. This will result in
saving time, and money of both company and clients.

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 16
Inteva Products need to design different price structure for its entire branch considering the
location, scope, and size of its every client businesses. This will support in eliminating
different type of confusions among the client and will offer opportunity to potential customer
to purchase the automotive parts from Inteva Products
Place
The place of distribution is selected by the company in consideration of the mass of
customers available at the selected place. It is one of the essential aspects of the marketing
mix framework that must be taken very seriously by the management of the company
(Karakaya, Badur and Aytekin, 2011).
Inteva Products offer its services in different markets such as India, Japan, South Korea,
South Africa, US. Etc. The company has adopted geographical segmentation strategy,
according to which business target customers according to the geographical area like
location, language, and other general elements that divides geography from the other
geography. This strategy is considered one of the most basic kinds of market segmentation.
However, in order to be competitive and cover highest market share, Company needs to
expand its operations in more locations such as in Asian Countries there is the highest
demand for cars. Inteva Products can expand its business operations in Thailand, Malaysia,
and the Philippines, as these countries manufacture a maximum number of cars in the Asian
region. From the analysis, it has been identified that Thailand manufactures 1,944,417 units,
Malaysia manufactures 513,445 units, and the Philippines manufactures 135, 840 units in a
year (Salikha, 2017). However, it will be very tough for Inteva Products to establish its
presence in these markets because there is intense competition, which does not allow any
other company to enter the market.
Inteva Products need to hire more employees at its each branch as logistics and supply chain
managers this will support company in having major control over the inventories and raw
material that will highly eliminate the chances of damages and inventory lost. Besides this,
they can assist the management team of Inteva Products in implementing different inventory
management strategies in the business. However, on the negative side, hiring different
logistics and supply chain managers will be costly for the business and can disturb the overall
budget of the finance department.

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 17
Promotion
Marketing strategies are comprised of numerous types of activities that are used by the
business to introduce the product in the market successfully. One of the essential elements of
the marketing mix is promotion, which is used to market the product among customers and
increase its sales (Pour, Nazari and Emami, 2013).
Inteva Products is involved in the promotion of its products to attract different car
manufacturers and dealers in the automobile industry. The company majorly use direct
marketing, sales promotion, and public relation promotional strategies in its promotional mix
setting in order to only target business clients such as car manufacturers and dealers. But
company is not involved in mass marketing strategies due to which it has low brand
recognition in the market.
The end customers in the industry do not recognize Inteva Products as the key manufacturer
of automotive parts, which directly affects the brand image of the business. In order to
increase the brand recognition and brand image, Company needs to adopt different strategies
of the promotional mix such as Advertisement and Personal selling.
Advertisement
The advertisement is said to be a paid promotion and presentation of thoughts, services, or
goods by a recognized sponsor in a mass medium. For instance, radio, catalogs, in-store
displays, print ads, billboard, television, signs, direct mail, web pages, posters, brochures
mobile apps, motion pictures, emails (Kumar and Raju, 2013). Presently, Inteva Products is
not using advertisement strategy in its promotional mix due to which it is incapable to
represent its contribution to the automotive sector. The company must use television, and
radio to promote its products features that can offer additional privilege in driving cars.
Besides this, if the company moved towards the segment of manufacturing cars along with its
equipment, TV and radio advertisement will be very beneficial for the business to promote its
services. On the negative side, promoting products through televisions and radio will result in
increasing the marketing cost, which will eventually disturb the budget of the company.
Personal Selling
Personal selling is the procedure of persuading and helping prospects to buy a good or service
with an oral presentation, frequently in a face-to-face way or by telephone, for instance, sales

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 18
meeting, samples, telemarketing, sales presentations, and incentive programs for an
intermediary salesperson (Antczak and Sypniewska, 2017). Inteva Products need to adopt
personal selling strategy using sales representative who can visit different clients to promote
its products.
Ansoff Matrix
Ansoff Matrix is said to be a strategic tool that offers a framework to support marketers,
executives, and senior managers plan strategies for future growth. This matrix is focused on
existing and potential customers and products (Craig and Campbell, 2012).
Market Penetration Strategy
Market penetration is the strategy used by companies to grow in the industry by offering its
present products in the existing market. It makes efforts to grow its share in the market in the
present market state. Inteva Products can use market penetration strategy in order to increase
brand awareness and recognition among the customers. Inteva can make use of improved
promotion strategy to target its existing customers in the existing market.
Market Development
Market development strategies are used by the business to expand its operations in the new
market by using its existing offerings. Inteva products can make use of market development
strategy by introducing its operations in different Asian countries such as Malaysia,
Philippines, and Thailand.
Product Development Strategy
Product Development Strategy is used by a business to develop new products that will be
targeted towards the existing market to attain growth (Fuller, 2016). Inteva Products need to
be involved in the manufacturing of cars along with its equipment and tools to its existing
customers to increase its revenue.
Diversification Strategy
Inteva products can diversify its offering by manufacturing cars along with tools and
equipment in order to increase its market share in the new target market. A diversification

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 19
strategy will support Inteva Products to make customers aware of its quality and contribution
in terms of innovation in the automobile industry.
Conclusion
The above report has provided a detailed analysis of the Inteva Product's Marketing mix
along with marketing improvement strategies that could support the company in increasing its
revenue and enhancing procedures. The report has analyzed all the four Ps of the marketing
mix that is a product, price, place, and promotion of Inteva Products in order to analyze its
strategies used in the market. From the above analysis, it has been recognized that Inteva
Products is presently offering automotive parts to its clients in different countries. However,
it is incapable to increase its brand recognition among customers due to insufficient market
strategies to promote the offering. The report has suggested that the company needs to adopt
personal selling and advertisement as the promotional mix tool to enhance its brand
recognition. Besides this, the report has also highlighted that the company can increase its
market share by adopting product development and diversification strategies. Inteva Products
can adopt forward integration strategy and start manufacturing cars along with its equipment.

CRITICAL EVALUATION OF MARKETING MIX 20
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