Exploring Criminological Theories: Human Trafficking and Drug Crime

This essay provides a critical overview of human and drug trafficking within the framework of criminology and criminal justice. It begins by defining human trafficking as the exploitation of individuals through force, fraud, or coercion for sexual acts, labor, or organ harvesting, and drug trafficking as the global illegal trade involving the manufacture, distribution, and sale of prohibited substances. The essay then examines these crimes through the lens of conflict theory, highlighting power structures and social inequalities, and functional theory, which emphasizes societal unity and equilibrium. It concludes by underscoring the importance of these criminological theories in assessing and addressing human and drug trafficking, encouraging further research and action to combat these pervasive issues. Desklib provides a platform for students to access similar solved assignments and past papers.

Critical
Perspectives on
Criminology and
Criminal Justice

Table of Contents
Introduction
Human trafficking
Drug Trafficking
Conflict theory in relation with drug trafficking and human trafficking
Functional theory in relation to human trafficking and drug trafficking
Conclusion
References

Introduction
● The term criminal justice has arrived
from the concept of crime. The legal
system that provides for the procedure to
justice to the aggrieved party in the case is
called the criminal justice.
● There are many criminal courts that are
set up in order to provide justice to the
victim of the case(Magalla, A., 2018).
● Moreover, there are various types of
criminologies theories that re stated by
various jurists in the criminal justice.

Human trafficking
● Human trafficking means the use of force,
fraud, coercion to influence person and
make them ready for sexual act and labour
or may be in terms of selling their body
parts to some different countries.
● It can happen or take place in any
countries or any community whether its is
United kingdom or other countries.
● The victim can be of any age, caste,
community, race, nationality, gender.

Drug
Trafficking
● Drug trafficking is a global illegal trade which involves manufacture, distribution,
cultivation and sale of substances which are subject to drug prohibition laws.
● The United Nations office on Drugs and Crime is continuously monitoring and
researching this global illegal trade and Drug markets in order to conclude more
results and comprehensive understanding of their flux Drug trafficking is the main
part of this research and more information can be found in the yearly World Drug
Reports(Eliason, S.L., 2020).

Conflict theory in relation with drug trafficking and human trafficking-
● Conflict theory came out in the late 19
century from Karl Marx and Fredrich
Engels. This theory explores power
structures and power variations that is how
the power differentials affect the social
inequalities.
● The theory of conflict works on the
assumption that humans are completely self
-interested and competitive in this world in
terms of conflict over scarce
resources ,wealth and prosperity.

Functional theory in relation to human trafficking and drug trafficking-
● It illustrates that every part of the society
serves a function in maintaining the unity
and harmony for stability of the whole
nation.
● Therefore , all the people of society are
equally responsible to maintain the balance
of state equilibrium in the nation
development under a perfect condition.
● In case of any difficulties in nation , this is
because of the part of the nation and social
system has became maladjusted now.

Conclusion
● This PPT concludes the crime of human
trafficking and drug trafficking in the
society.
● It summarises about the two types of
criminological theories that are very
necessary in order to establish the
respective crime assessment.

References
Books and Journals-
Magalla, A., 2018. Conflict Theory in Relation to Cyber Crime Act NO.
14 of 2015. Available at SSRN 3292130.
Sedek, N.F.B.M., 2018. Marxist Conflict Theory as a Theory of Crime.
Eliason, S.L., 2020. Poaching, social conflict, and the public trust: Some
critical observations on wildlife crime. Capitalism Nature Socialism,
31(2), pp.110-126.
Wangechi, P.M. and Ndung’u, P., 2019. Crime of the Powerful: A
Theoretical Review. East African Journal of Law and Ethics, 1(2),
pp.35-42.