Critical Review Report: Corporate Accountability, Governance, and CSR

This report presents a critical review of three articles focusing on corporate accountability, governance, and social responsibility. The first article examines the Samarco chemical sludge disaster, highlighting issues of environmental and human rights, and discusses potential solutions using international mechanisms and corporate accountability. The second article investigates the relationship between corporate governance attributes and environmental reporting in Australian organizations, revealing a positive correlation between strong governance and robust environmental reporting. The third article explores corporate social responsibilities, debating whether business strategies for sustainable development should be mandated by legislation or driven by stakeholders through self-regulation, with differing perspectives on the role of CSR in business centralism and the need for self-regulatory approaches. Each article's abstract, introduction, research findings, analysis, and conclusion are summarized, along with the strengths and weaknesses of the research methods employed.

CRITICAL REVIEW
ON ARTICLES

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Critical review helps in acknowledging the positive and negative aspect of articles in a
deeply manner. This report is going to cover about different articles related with corporate
accountability, governance and social responsibilities etc. Critical review of these article will
include an abstract, introduction, research finding and their analysis and conclusion. These
aspects will help in understanding if this article is capable to answer all the raised issues or not.

Table of Contents
ARTICLE 1......................................................................................................................................1
Corporate accountability in the Samarco chemical sludge disaster............................................1
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
RESEARCH FINDING AND ANALYSIS ....................................................................................1
CONCLUSION ..............................................................................................................................1
ARTICLE 2......................................................................................................................................1
Corporate governance and environmental reporting...................................................................1
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................2
RESEARCH FINDING AND ANALYSIS.....................................................................................2
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................2
ARTICLE 3 .....................................................................................................................................2
Corporate social responsibilities: Alternative perspective about legislate needs........................2
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
RESEARCH FINDING AND ANALYSIS.....................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4

ARTICLE 1
Corporate accountability in the Samarco chemical sludge disaster
ABSTRACT
The main area which is discussed in this research paper is corporate accountability in
chemical disaster which is faced by Samarco organisation.
INTRODUCTION
Purpose of writing this research paper is to identify venues of organisational
accountability in disasters by taking example of Samarco chemical incident.
RESEARCH FINDING AND ANALYSIS
All the required evidences and data are taken by researcher from national authorities of
Brazil. Main issue which is raised by researcher is Environmental and human right issues which
takes place due to corporate sector. According to Tuncak, B., 2017, chemical sludge which take
place in Brazil, 2015 was devastating but it gains little attention from academics and media. By
taking some accountability, better results can be attained in such disasters. This will help other
firms which will face same situation in overcoming difficulties without any problems. As per the
opinion of Lessenich, S., 2019, Chemical sludge was the worst disaster faced by Brazil. By using
international mechanisms like OECD guidelines these situations can be dealt properly. Other
than this different companies in corporate sector came forward and collectively deals with such
situations by taking accountability and avoiding such activities which impacts in a negative
manner.
CONCLUSION
This article is fair and balanced as it first summarises the issue and then give ways to deal
with it along with some other alternatives. Weaknesses of this research paper is that it was more
of a document work rather than field work. This results as a compromise with reality
ARTICLE 2
Corporate governance and environmental reporting
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ABSTRACT
Main aspect which is covered in this research paper is the relation among corporate
governance attribute and environment reporting of organisations which are operating in
Australia.
INTRODUCTION
Issues which are raised in this research paper are linked with environment and
endogeneity problems. All the needed data is collected with the help of quantitative analysis
approach.
RESEARCH FINDING AND ANALYSIS
To collect relevant and accurate data, annual reports of 2008 for around 100 organisations
of Australia is examined to acknowledge amount of environment reporting. According to the
view point of Tilt, C. A., 2016, around 96 countries out of 100 nations posses some level of
environment reporting due to which it has became a predominant activity. If corporate
governance is strong then environmental reporting of a nation is robust. As per the view of ArAs,
G., 2016, if the broad size enhances environmental reporting also enhances, but this seems in
contraction with the major of other literatures.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded that strengths of this research paper is it positively shows a linkage
between investors of institutions and environment reporting and limitations are that it has only
considered documents which are linked to annual reports due to which data is reliable for only
Australian market not for other locations. Overall this research paper is capable to raise and
highlight all the issues which were linked with this research.
ARTICLE 3
Corporate social responsibilities: Alternative perspective about legislate needs
ABSTRACT
This research paper is going to include about social responsibilities of corporate sector. It
involves reviewing of submission which is carried out by Australian government to inquire into
CSR. Key issue which is raised by this research paper is that if any shifting in business strategies
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linked with sustainable development must be imposed by legislation or stakeholders can perform
it through self-regulation
INTRODUCTION
In this research paper, interaction and communication with stakeholders and employees
groups is carried out in business literature so that it can be acknowledged if corporate social
responsibility can be performed by corporate learning or it needs legislations.
RESEARCH FINDING AND ANALYSIS
All the required information and data is gathered from readings of individual submissions
which are created through government inquiry. As per the opinion of Beckford, J., 2016, CSR
depends upon business centralism and assists in attainment of competitive advantage over
competitor firms. Also, alignment of social responsibility and good business needs legitimisation
& consolidation of corporate power. By this CSR activities can be performed in a proper manner.
But in accordance with opinion of Deegan, C., 2017, CSR activities must not came under
legitimisation but it needs to be self regulatory so that managers and other stakeholders &
authorities can modify them as per changing situation of market and business. They believe this
is the best way to follow corporate social responsibilities in a proper manner.
CONCLUSION
From above given Article, it can be concluded that strengths of this paper is it is able to
properly highlight the issue and denotes all the aspects in a proper manner. Weakness linked with
this paper is misses primary research due to which raw information on such optic was not
collected and semi-structured techniques were used to carry out survey.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
ArAs, G., 2016. A handbook of corporate governance and social responsibility. CRC Press.
Beckford, J., 2016. Quality: a critical introduction. Routledge.
Deegan, C., 2017. Twenty five years of social and environmental accounting research within
Critical Perspectives of Accounting: Hits, misses and ways forward. Critical
Perspectives on Accounting. 43. pp.65-87.
Lessenich, S., 2019. Living Well at Others' Expense: The Hidden Costs of Western Prosperity.
John Wiley & Sons.
Tilt, C. A., 2016. Corporate social responsibility research: the importance of context.
International journal of corporate social responsibility. 1(1). p.2.
Tuncak, B., 2017. Lessons from the Samarco Disaster. Business and Human Rights Journal.
2(1). pp.157-162.
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