Critical Review Paper: AI, Automation, and Economic Impact Analysis

This critical review paper analyzes an article by Andrew Masterson, discussing Adrian Turner's perspective on how Artificial Intelligence, automation, and machine learning can improve business standards in Australia. The review examines three main arguments: the impact of automation on job creation, the potential for technological advancements to improve the country's economy, and the role of AI in creating commercial applications. The author agrees with the article's assertions, highlighting the potential of AI to generate economic growth and new job opportunities, while also acknowledging the need for careful management of technological transitions. The review references various sources to support the arguments and concludes by suggesting that the article could be improved by providing more examples of the positive influences of these new technologies on businesses and the job market. The author emphasizes the importance of embracing technology to foster economic growth and job creation in the future.

Running head: CRITICAL REVIEW PAPER
Critical Review Paper
Article name: “After AI, automation and robots, we can have a working future, says tech
guru”

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Table of Contents
1. Summary and main argument of the author...........................................................................2
2. Main arguments of CRP.........................................................................................................2
2.1. Introduction.....................................................................................................................2
2.2. Arguments.......................................................................................................................2
1st Argument- Automation..................................................................................................2
2nd Argument- Improve country’s economy.......................................................................3
3rd Argument- AI transition in creating commercial applications......................................4
3. Conclude................................................................................................................................4
References:.................................................................................................................................6
Appendices- Article...................................................................................................................7

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1. Summary and main argument of the author
The author of this article- “After AI, automation and robots, we can have a working
future, says tech guru”, Andrew Masterson has discussed about the point of view of today’s
Australian top technology advisor on the notion that technology is going to create a massive
unemployment in the near future (Masterson 2017). Firstly, the author has elaborated on
discussing about what Adrian Turner, one of the tech experts of today has claimed regarding
the sustainability and improvement of the business standard in Australia because of Artificial
Intelligence, automation and machine learning. Furthermore, he highlighted why encouraging
the companies of Australia is important to embrace the ability of the transition of the
Artificial Intelligence and the usage of technology for creating commercial applications
which is suitable for the world’s business market.
2. Main arguments of CRP
2.1. Introduction
The article provided by Andrew Masterson, the author of the article has illustrated on
some strategic actions by means of which the technological developments can foster the job
market in the near future as well as has highlighted how embracing technology and building
and seeding more new industries can help the country (Australia) to create economic growth
and more job opportunities that the coming days would demand for.
2.2. Arguments
1st Argument- Automation
Regarding the creation of more job opportunities by AI, I do agree with the author
that embracing technology is going to create economic growth and development and at the
same time, jobs that Australia is going to require in the near future. The future AI is likely to
create more jobs if we do it in right way. AI as defined by Mata et al. (2018) involves the

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activities that are devoted towards making machines intelligent in the ways that enables them
to properly function along with foresight in their environment. If individuals work together
for guiding the robotics innovation and Artificial Intelligence in responsible manner in every
industries creation of jobs is sure to happen. Whenever there is a significant advancement in
the ways we work, there is always a fear that our jobs would go away. One of the best
examples of recent technological innovation that has resulted in more jobs is that of
Automation. It is especially true for the fact that companies began to hire more number of
technology experts in order to help them use the automation tools that they have integrated
(Wilson, Daugherty and Bianzino 2017).
2nd Argument- Improve country’s economy
I do agree with the author that advancements in technology would improve the
economy of the country. The effects of the AI technologies on the businesses is projected
towards increasing the labour productivity by up to forty percent within the coming two years
and this would enable the individual in making more effective and efficient use of time (Pol
and Reveley 2017. As per the recent data, there has been a significant decline in the potential
of the traditional levels of production- the labour and capital investment for propelling the
economic growth. Still, there are many who is more interested only in one part of the story.
AI is indeed a new factor that helps in production and with the same, has the potential of
introducing new growth sources. It has completely changed the way work is done and has
reinforced the role played by people towards driving business growth.
As per the research of Cassard and Hamel (2018), AI has the potential of doubling the
annual growth rates of economy by the year 2035 by means of changing the working nature
as well as by creating new relationship in between human beings and machines. With the
same, the impact of the Artificial Intelligence technologies on the business is projected
towards increasing the productivity of the future labours by up to 40%. Unlike the traditional

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automation solutions, the AI powered innovation helps in automating the complicated
physical tasks which need agility and adaptability. This clearly means that AI technologies,
robotics etc. are definitely going to increase the economic growth of Australia in the near
future.
3rd Argument- AI transition in creating commercial applications
New applications and uses of the AI are all developed each and every day and is
bringing individuals closer to an unparalleled future. I do agree with the author in this aspect
as well. There are several applications that we use every day include artificial intelligence.
Some of the best to mention in this context are that of Netflix, Siri and Spotify. AI are likely
to introduce self-driving cars in the near future. Tesla was one of the very first automobile
brands who launched self-driving vehicles and Volvo, Cadillac and Audi are already
developing their new own models at present. All these are guided by the Artificial
Intelligence technologies. Uber too, has made its first ever 50,000-beer delivery with the help
of self-driving trucks (Brodsky 2016). Apart from these, Facebook is also make use of AI
bots (robots) which can save the lives of the people at the risk of committing suicide.
According to the article by Fast Company, the company has announced pilot projects in the
U.S which used Artificial Intelligence to identify the Facebook posts proactively which could
highlight suicidal tendencies among the individuals (Stone, Neely and Lengnick 2018). The
AI technology of Facebook identified more than 100 such cases which needed intervention.
3. Conclude
To conclude, it is to state that the article has highlighted some critical information
regarding the potential of the AI technologies, robotics and automation to create more jobs in
the coming future. I totally agree with the author in this regard about the importance of these
technologies. However, I think it could be more impressive if he expanded his analysis by

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providing more examples in order to cover the positive influence of these new technologies
on the businesses and job market in the coming days.

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References:
Brodsky, J.S., 2016. Autonomous vehicle regulation: How an uncertain legal landscape may
hit the brakes on self-driving cars. Berkeley Tech. LJ, 31, p.851.
Cassard, A. and Hamel, J., 2018. Exponential Growth of Technology and the Impact on
Economic Jobs and Teachings: Change by Assimilation. Journal of Applied Business &
Economics, 20(2).
Masterson, A. 2017. After AI, automation and robots, we can have a working future, says
tech guru. [online] The Age. Available at: https://www.theage.com.au/national/victoria/after-
ai-automation-and-robots-we-can-have-a-working-future-says-tech-guru-20170623-
gwxgfi.html [Accessed 22 Mar. 2019].
Mata, J., De Miguel, I., Duran, R.J., Merayo, N., Singh, S.K., Jukan, A. and Chamania, M.,
2018. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods in optical networks: A comprehensive
survey. Optical Switching and Networking, 28, pp.43-57.
Pol, E. and Reveley, J., 2017. Robot induced technological unemployment: towards a youth-
focused coping strategy. Psychosociological Issues in Human Resource Management, 5(2),
pp.169-186.
Stone, C.B., Neely, A.R. and Lengnick-Hall, M.L., 2018. Human Resource Management in
the Digital Age: Big Data, HR Analytics and Artificial Intelligence. In Management and
Technological Challenges in the Digital Age (pp. 13-42). CRC Press.
Wilson, H.J., Daugherty, P. and Bianzino, N., 2017. The jobs that artificial intelligence will
create. MIT Sloan Management Review, 58(4), p.14.

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Appendices- Article
After AI, automation and robots, we can have a working future, says tech guru
Assertions that technological change will create massive unemployment are wrong, says
Australia's top tech adviser.
But there is a caveat – Australia must be a leader in the technology charge, and its embrace
has to be done with care.
President Trump blames China and Mexico for stealing American jobs. But economists say
most jobs are lost to automation.
WA vegan activists fined for trespassing
Adrian Turner, head of the CSIRO's technology research division Data61, says if the country
is to prosper from the huge social and economic changes ushered in by artificial intelligence,
machine learning and automation, businesses must stop merely modifying overseas models
and instead create unique, world-leading innovations.
He says many predictions about the effects of technical change – particularly those
concerning widespread job losses – are overblown. The key to managing the imminent
upheaval, he says, is to identify "scenarios and suggestions to help move society towards
embracing these technologies, but doing it in a way that isn't disruptive or dislocating".
Many experts around the globe think this might be easier said than done. Silicon Valley
entrepreneur Martin Ford predicts that within 20 years, millions of people will
be rendered joblessby the combination of artificial intelligence, robots and the rapid
spread of self-driving cars.

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Prominent Israeli futurist Noah Yuval Harari, in his 2016 best seller Homo Deus,
suggests the biggest challenge facing humanity will be what to do with the newly created
"useless class" of people who are not just unemployed, but unemployable.
Earlier this year, Data61 predicted that around 40 per cent of current jobs in Australia would
disappear in the next 15 years. However, Turner adds, many of these losses will be offset by
new types of work arising from technological change.
"I think the predictions are alarmist," he says. "In certain categories where the tasks are
routine, then yes.
Adrian Turner, chief executive of Data61: “It was a pretty sobering
moment.”CREDIT:
"But if you think about driving, for example, the technology for autonomous cars will be
ready way faster than we're prepared to trust them as a society, and way faster than the
regulatory structure or the roads infrastructure are ready for them.
"What I think will happen is that society will absorb these technologies at a pace that makes
sense. It's about making a safe and smooth transition."

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One key to managing the change, he adds, lies in ensuring that large tech companies such as
Google and government regulatory bodies invite the broader community to debate new ways
of doing things.
He says the tech industry should heed the lesson of the internet. The technology was rolled
out largely without input from consumers. Users rushed to access the net's free content, with
the unintended consequence that their privacy was, and remains, dramatically compromised.
"We need to be having these public debates and we shouldn't be shying away from them," he
says.
He adds that it is the role of Data61 – which formed 12 months ago out of a merger between
CSIRO and the National Information and Communications Technology Research Centre – to
stimulate and lead the discussion.
He is particularly interested in encouraging Australian companies to embrace the potential of
the AI transition and use the technology to create commercial applications that suit the world
market.
Earlier this month, Data61 released a report into the strength and weaknesses of blockchain
technology – a peer-to-peer electronic system used to accurately record transactions.
Although the invention of blockchains is claimed by several parties, Australia is playing a
leading role in designing universal standards for its use.
At the release of the report, Turner highlighted the growing blockchain industry as one in
which Australia is well placed to lead, by adapting the technology to a range of additional
uses, including supply chain management and even voting.

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Modelling demonstrates that with any data-driven innovation, the first company to introduce
it usually ends up controlling around 70 per cent of the market, he says, using Google,
Facebook and Uber as examples.
"I think we need to not shy away from taking a leadership position, embracing technology
and seeding and building new industries," he says. "This is ultimately going to create the
economic growth and jobs that the country will need in the future.
"There aren't many productivity gains to be had any more, because that's already been done
though the economy. So the only way for Australia to sustain the standard of living that we
enjoy is to help our small businesses become big global businesses."