Critical Review of Communication in the Organization: HRM Module

This report presents a critical literature review on communication within organizations, examining its significance and various facets. It delves into the importance of communication in organizational operations, discussing both internal and external communication strategies. The report explores the impact of communication technologies, their advantages, and disadvantages. It also covers different types of communication, including one-on-one meetings, emails, staff meetings, and the use of intranets. The review analyzes the evolution of communication techniques and their role in enhancing worker engagement and organizational success. The report provides an overview of the key issues and debates surrounding communication in organizations, drawing on literature published in highly-ranked academic journals and addressing themes relevant to Organizational Behaviour and Human Resource Management. The objective is to assess the importance of communication in various business functions within international business societies.

Communication in the organization 1
COMMUNICATION IN THE ORGANIZATION
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Communication in the organization 2
Introduction
Communication in an organization is an important aspect in
operations. Communication within various organizations comprises of
common exchange of understanding between two or more persons of
common interest (Vangelisti 2016). However, according to Vangelisti (2016),
communication process in every organizational setting is an essence of the
important duties of management. Communication is used in addressing
several activities such as staffing, planning, organizing, directing, as well as
controlling different ideas of conducting business. In this account pertinence
of useful process of interaction within operations of a company will be
examined alongside various types of communication that can either be
verbal or non-verbal. This report is useful as it illustrates the literature work
behind the topic of communication in an organization. This report discusses
how emerging organizational communication processes are not merely
shifting how different small groups in the operation of the organization
interact. The report focuses on examining some of the importance of
communication amongst different associates in the organization. Besides,
the hypothesis of this report is to determine whether communication in an
organization is essential to operations or not. This report examines different
literature works that had been already done by various authors on the
concept of communication in an organization by examining some of the
significances of communication. Moreover, this report will be vital as it will
target to address the current concerns alongside growth that surround

Communication in the organization 3
communication in an organization and how workers use such ideas to remain
competitive in the current business environment. The report will conclude by
addressing the synopsis of communication in an organization. Therefore, the
primary objective of this research article is to examine communication fully
and how it affects different business functions of the organization around
international business societies.
Key Issues of Communication in the Organization
In operations of the organization, communication is defined in various
ways. Communication skills are essential elements that every individuals in
an organization need to posses. Through the process of interpersonal
communication that includes communication between at least two
individuals, individuals can change information, develop motivation, express
feelings or apply penalties for behaviors that are inappropriate, all within the
place of work. Dziuba (2013) stated that individuals that lack skills of
communication in the organization need to undergo training on how to deal
with various situations that comprise of communicating efficiently. In most
instances, communication in an organization refers to the ideal process in
which information is transferred as well as unstated amid at least two events
or individuals. The features of communication in company have turn out to
be an essential tactical concern. Conversely, O’Lawrence and Poyaoan-
Linzaga (2018) recorded that communication in every organizational setting
can be described to be flows of information through various channels that
exist between the receivers together with the sender, consisting of

Communication in the organization 4
confirmation of the message along with elements of disturbance in the
process. Whereas according to Gilchrist (2015) it can be argued that, the
sender and receiver of data during the process of communication create the
picture that is labeled profile. Therefore, communication in an organization is
just the examination of the process of communication within operations of
the organization. The flow of such communication can either be formal in
nature or informal.
Literature review on communication in the organization
Communication in the organization in the present business setting has
become more developed. Communication usage in an organization depends
on technologies in use. Besides, communication technologies refer to
different processes or activities of designing together with maintenance of
systems of communication in operations of the organization. Daric (2017)
seems to assume that each person involved in organization operations is
depending on the communication technologies to enhance operations of the
business. Communication techniques used in operations of organizations in
early decades comprise of the use of runners, smoke signals to send a
message, together with homing pigeons. Presently, communication
techniques in organizations have been catalyzing of progress along with
strengthening societal networks (Reddy and Dr. S. Krishnaiah 2012). The
techniques of communication in organizations have the capabilities to alter
the approach on which individuals perform operations that are either hidden
in internal operations of the organization. These internal processes can

Communication in the organization 5
comprise of how the management of the organization manages their
information to work in line with the objective of the organization.
Theories of communication in the organization
Communication is the primary manner in which individuals can
cooperate or interact. From the perspective of the organization,
communication serves as the foundation of different operations that
comprise of planning and organizing, stimulating motivation, shifting
attitudes of individuals, together with improvement in the process of
communication (Darics 2017). Despite the organization, interaction process
stays as the most important aspects to regard in terms of the achievement
of the corporation. Takahashi, Mizuno, Yamada, and Aida (2016) reported
that the reality is that, there exist various categories and methods of
interaction that are diverse. With the standard organization, communication
can take the form of external and internal, informal and formal, small group
and nonverbal, upward and downward, together with diagonal and lateral.
Use of technology in communication in an organization
The relationship that exists between the communication and
operations of different organizations is vital in improving business
operations. Communication by use of various technologies in operations of
the organization is significant in changing the manner various duties are
structured when the advanced systems are implemented in their operations
(Chen, Martin, Roychowdhury, Wang, and Billett 2018). Furthermore, in

Communication in the organization 6
various organizations, advanced uses of communication systems such as the
use of information technology create a complicated issue on how people
communicate. According to the study conducted by Kapucu and Haupt
(2016), communication through application of technological advancement
devices remains to be integral section of management and administration of
various business operations. In contrary, Schoeneborn (2011) stated that
various owners of organizational businesses, managers, alongside workers
have the mandate of being effective in conveying their views and thought to
other workers. It is clear that each aspect within operations of the
organization has advantages together with adverse impacts in business
operations of the organization. The influences of communication
technologies on organization have been reported by Gilchrist (2015) to have
mixed outcomes on operations. Some of the clear advantages that an
organization achieves from the proper use of communication channels are
the development of effective and cheaper channel used for interactive
communication.
Communication by use of technological assistance in organization
assists greatly in improving business management processes. Mahmud
(2014) argued that these technologies of communication in the organization
enhance how operational data are exchange between workers, distributors,
dealers of different products, developers of goods, manufacturers, alongside
financial backers within the corporation. The main idea of embracing the use
of technology in communication process according to Mahmud (2014) is to

Communication in the organization 7
improve operations of the organization. Technologies in communication
assist in enhancing the collaboration of every department of operation in
bringing the products to different markets so as to reach the targeted
customers. The difference between Mahmud (2014) and Cross IV and Diala
(2015) is that other technologies usage has profound impacts on production
and other operations of various stakeholders within an organization than
others. The technological usage in communication in an organization exists
in various forms. The influences of technological usage in communication
processes in an organization can either be advantage or disadvantage to the
productivity of the organization.
Types of communication in the organization
Internal communication in an organization
Internal communication in organization refers to the type of
communication that occurs inside the place of work. This kind of
communication can be attained through any media. Such media of
exchanging information consist of emails, phone calls, face to face meetings,
fax, and use of websites of organization among other forms. For instance,
Jackson (2013) stated that some organizations had developed WebPages
that are utilized to communicate with clients who are found outside of the
operations of the organization by use of the internet. In contrary,
Schoeneborn (2011) reported that the same corporations may have the
intranet that is applied within operations of an organization and have the

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ability to be seen by workers on that specific network internally. Therefore,
the use of intranet WebPages at any specified company help in
communicating all types of data relating to the organization.
The practice that comprises of internal communication within
operations of organizations has evolved over a period. The evolvement has
been in place since its implementation in the past decades due to the
significance of survival together with the success of the organization (Wright
2014). The motive of internal communication within the company is to focus
on the creation of the best dialogue with workers as well as offering them the
change to have an impact on business through ideas of sharing and getting
involved in every operation within the company. Presently, organizations
have begun to recognize the significance of engagement of workers
alongside the contributions of different workers towards assisting the
company to be successful in their operations. The research conducted by
Fuster Morell (2011) has proven that keeping workers more informed and
offering them with the voice make them active. Their activeness in
operations in most cases leads to higher levels of engagement in operations.
Whereas Dziuba (2013) had a different view that stated that communication
within the internal setting of organization allows the workers to voice their
concerns. It also enables workers to state their dislikes or likes concerning
different operations within the organization. Presently, techniques being
used to communicate are diverse within the organization. Some of the
techniques being used for internal communication include:-

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 One on one meetings
 Use of emails
 Conducting staff meetings
 Intranet usages
 Having annual reports
 Voice mails through phone calls
 Video broadcasts in the company’s WebPages
 Use of newsletters and corporate newsletters
It is clear that there are some examinations by both professionals together
with management groups and professional communication groups that have
reported that communicating with workers is the important as well as the
powerful technique of producing greater commitment of workers. Therefore
tendency of workers to long to arrive at work as well as desire to have a say
to the achievement of organization is encouraged by having a good
communication channel.
Finding and methodologies of communication in the organization
External communication in an organization
External communication is a type of communication that involves the
process of management talking to their customers. It comprises of
communication techniques that consist of sending of an email to the
potential customer or making various phone calls to vendors or individuals
who are outside the organization and cannot be reached easily in person

Communication in the organization 10
(Poland 2013). External communication is challenging in business operations
internationally. As recorded by Greiner, Caravella, and Roth (2014), external
communication is challenging as it is tough to gauge the effectiveness of
every strategy, options, tactics, together with tools that are part of the
present options for this kind of communication. Cross IV and Diala (2015)
contradicts by the views of Greiner, Caravella, and Roth (2014). As Cross IV
and Diala (2015) stated that it is a challenging mode of communication as
most organizations need to adjust to the communication setting that is ever
changing continuously. In the past decades, the mode of external
communication within operations of organizations was print. Schoeneborn
(2011) further recorded that the mode of print is still common even in the
present society, but of course in advanced technology has changed all of
that technique. It is clear that the use of internet has become the resource
much more frequently used in reaching targeted and esteemed customers.
The use of intranet WebPages by organizations help in reaching members of
the organization internally. Moreover, several companies use online sites to
notify individuals and people outside operations of company concerning
future services or yields.
External type of interaction in an organization is certainly the efficient
approach to get to outside operations of the corporation. According to Poland
(2011), in thinking how general public judges impression of the company,
this kind of communication stay to be vital in showing image and message
being conveyed. This type of communication offers practical art to respond

Communication in the organization 11
to an individual that can be in an irritated mood due to being uninformed.
The task of the given corporation is to be deliberated at all durations in
process of using this type of communication (Zahidul Islam, Hasan, and
Habibur 2015). The approach of using external communication correlates to
the organization success as well as the experience of customers.
Formal together with informal communication
There are distinct differences that exist between formal along with the
informal type of communication in an organization. In simple ways, formal
communication approach refers to any correspondence that promotes or
pertains to objectives of the organization. It can in other terms refer to the
degree to which the information concerning a specific job transmitted by the
management of the organization to its employees and among the workers in
different sectors. According to Dziuba (2013), it is the formal type of
communication that relates to organizations’ productivities, the satisfaction
of job among workers, costs of operations, reduction in cases of conflict,
reinforcement of trust, and overall satisfaction in the operation of the
organization. In the same view, Gilchrist (2015) stated that informal type of
communication within an organization refers to the exact opposite of formal
communication. Informal communication in organization ideas does not
comprise of work, and they are harmless in several cases (Jackson 2013).
Difference conversation that workers may have at different times such as at
lunch hour or after meeting concerning issues that has nothing to do with
their involvement in operation is a term to be informal. These types of

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communication occur at several periods in the entire day. Even though
informal interaction in organizations not linked to work or the operations of
the organization, Gilchrist (2015) stated that it also has impacts on the
achievements in operations of people or setting within the company. In
regard to the severe issues that might occur due to story, unconfirmed
stories, and simple jokes among workers, it is necessary to maintain the
discussion subjects of informal interaction into perception when in the
company’s setting.
Non-verbal communication
Non-verbal communication in an organization refers to the type of
communication that is just as essential as the other types within operations.
Non-verbal communication has always been stated that it is not just what an
individual says, but how the individual says it as well during the operation.
Such instances are never obvious like in the instance when gestures together
with movements are more prevalent (Reddy and Dr. S. Krishnaiah 2012). The
type of communication through non-verbal always takes posture, movement
of the eye, the language of the body, and even an individual appearance into
account when exchanging communication. Gestures used in the organization
during communication consist of eye contacts, different expressions or attire
alongside personal space can remain to be powerful non-verbal cues.
Importance of communication in an organization