Critical Review: Business Case for Reducing Tobacco Use in the NHS

This report provides a critical review of the study "Good for Health, Good for Business: The Business Case for Reducing Tobacco Use," focusing on the NHS. It examines the detrimental effects of tobacco use, primarily through smoking, on individual health, leading to multiple cancers, heart disease, and preventable deaths, and also on business productivity and economic costs. The review highlights the benefits of reducing tobacco use, including decreased employee absenteeism, enhanced productivity, and reduced healthcare costs. The study analyzes the impact of smoking on the workplace, emphasizing the need for smoke-free policies and smoking cessation programs. It references secondary sources such as books, articles, and scholarly journals to support arguments. The report concludes that businesses can achieve health and economic advantages by minimizing tobacco use and exposure to secondhand smoke, and that comprehensive tobacco control efforts can significantly reduce tobacco-related diseases and improve overall health outcomes, emphasizing the cost-effectiveness of such programs and the importance of providing resources to help employees quit smoking.

Topic: Critical Review: Good for Health, Good for Business: The Business Case for
Reducing Tobacco Use. A study on NHS.
Tobacco use is explained as habitual use of Tabaco plant leaf and goods. Predominant
tobacco use is through smoke inhalation of pipes, cigars and cigarettes. Smoking Tabaco is
mainly practice about burning tobacco as well as ingesting smoke that produced. Smoking of
cigarette harms body organs and this has been linked to the multiple cancers, heart disease and
other problems. Other than this, use of tobacco is leading cause about preventable disability,
death and disease. The business can be pursuing with communities and staff members would
yield the health as well as economic benefits as better as those developed through minimizing
use of tobacco and exposure regards to secondhand smoke. It is necessary to reduce the smoking
as this helps in reduce the chance of diseases (Ackerman and et. al., 2017). There will be
developing the critical evaluation skills to information and data sources to validate positions
taken in case study. The given case study is all about the Good for Health, Good for Business:
The Business Case for Reducing Tobacco Use. Smoke free websites helping the staff members
quit smoking and also providing the advantages to staff members in context to minimize
employee costs and enhance productivity. Evident portion of health and productivity cost
regards to smoking can averted through executing the evidence-based interventions at the
worksites. There will be going to include about understanding the logical reasoning to examine
arguments related to the study.
As per the case study, Smoking at workplace is regulated at state level. In United States,
there are large number of adult smoke and the smoking rate vary through occupation. While
smoking cigarette in U.S. has reduced more than the 50% among all adults of U.S since then,
around 20% of workers in U.S. still smoke and too many non- smoking employees are exposed
still to the secondhand smoke at the workplace. The second-hand smoke leads to the greater
number of the death of non- smoker per year from the heart disease and the lung cancer. The co-
workers while they are smoking can be dangerous to health in case an individual is breathing in
the smoke of tobacco at workplace. In context to this, many people have the high exposure level
to the second-hand smoke than they are mainly believe as happens at workplace. Several
workplaces are the smoke free because of state or local smoke free law and many of the

workplaces are still permit the smoking. The people mostly spend waking hours at workplace as
this causes harm to employees and employers.
Substantial progress in minimizing cigarette smoking rate in United Stated around 34
million adults in United Stated smoke with the consequences for health. US die of the disease
that linked directly to smoking as well as exposure to the secondhand smoke. In context to this, it
develops the negative impact on heath and also an economy. This cost U.S more than the $300
billion every year consisting around $170 billion in the medical care and also more than $150
billion in reduced productivity. On the other hand, in year 2014, 21.7% of workers in U.S
representing more than 32 million of people and at present more than the 22 million employees
smoking cigarettes. From the case study, it has been examined that smoking rates among the
individual in the blue-collar occupation are more as comparison to white collar occupations.
There is high percentage of the blue-collar adult workers than the white collars initiated the
smoking. The blue-collar workers are smoking on the daily basis. Regarding to this, military
veterans, mainly veteran aged of 18-25 have elevated smoking rates. It has been found that in
year 2018, 57% of the military veteran are used the products of tobacco.
As contrary to this, use of tobacco minimized the productivity of staff members in different
ways consisting enhancing the absenteeism rate. It has been found that as comparison to the non-
smoking staff, there are 33% were smoked at present which likely to be miss the work and also
absent from workplace for average of the 2.7 more days. In regard to this, absenteeism reduced
when the smokers are quit. The smokers are likely than the non- smokers in order to take the
unsanctioned breaks. These kinds of breaks are more single cost from smoking employee and
this result in the 8 to 30 minutes per day staff member in the lost the work time. In context to
economic impact, additional cost of the staff members which mainly smoke the cigarettes is
around $5816 that consist $2056v in pharmacy and the medical cost.
In this, there has been inductive logical reasoning used as it provides the detailed
description about tobacco used in- depth manner. Smoking of cigarette is main cause of the
cardiovascular disease, cancer, peripheral vascular disease and the infections. When the smokers
and their family members quit smoking successfully then it is beneficial to health stated to be
accrue and also continue rest of lives. In regards to this, exposure of the secondhand smoke is
substantial risk to health. It has been examined that exposure to the environmental tobacco

smoke at workplace was concerned with enhanced risk of the lung cancer. Among the non-
smokers, the exposure regarding second hand smoke enhanced heart disease risk through 25%-
30% and stoke through 20%-30%. Young and the middle aged adults are working in the smoke
free workplace have minimum risk of the cardiovascular events for an instance heart failure,
stroke and the myocardial infraction than peers which are working in environment that permit the
smoking. At last, it has been analyzed that smoking result in the detrimental impact on
functioning and health that consists reduced efficiency, eye irritation, minimized attentiveness
and the errors at workplace which can impact on productivity. On the other hand, businesses
which give smoking cessation advantages to staff members reap the substantial rewards, staff
members are likely to stop smoking that results in improve the health of employees. Advantages
provides to staff members many consists health insurance coverage for the cessation treatment or
incentive for the quitting.
In the critical evaluation, there has been secondary sources of data and information used.
The different secondary sources consist books, articles, scholars and others. These all are helpful
in provide the reliable, authentic, relevant information on timely basis. There have been different
sources used which provide the detailed information regarding the case study on” Good for
Health, Good for Business: The Business Case for Reducing Tobacco Use”.
It has been examined that tobacco prevention and also control efforts that can minimize the
initiation of smoking and use among the youths. The compressive prevention of tobacco and also
control efforts are consisting coordinated execution of the population-based interventions in
order to prevent initiation of tobacco among the adults and youths, promote to quit smoking and
also eliminate the secondhand smoke. The programs integrate and combine many evidence
related strategies consisting regulatory, social and educational strategies at the local, state and the
national levels. More investment in the tobacco control efforts have seen the more decline in the
sales of cigarettes than United States as whole and prevalence of smoking of cigarette among the
youth and adults reduced fatly as pending for the tobacco control programs has enhanced.
Tobacco use is largest preventable cancer cause at global basis. Providing the staff
members with essential tools and environment to assist them for quit the smoking will have main
positive impact on health and families. Comprehensive efforts to control tobacco have
contributed to the reduction in the tobacco related diseases that cause deaths and effective across

the diverse educational, socioeconomic and ethnic groups. Programs were the cost- effective and
savings of healthcare were the more than intervention cost. The critical review examining impact
of the interventions which may be developed individually as comprehensive tobacco control
program for an instance cost enhances, conduct mass media campaign and the smoke free
policies. The smoke free policies have been substantially making improvement in the indoor air
quality, change the social norms and minimize second-hand smoke related to smoke
acceptability, help smokers to be quit smoking and prevent the smoking initiation through adults.
Other than this, quitting the smokes makes more differences to wellbeing of an individual and
life quality. Quitting the smoking minimizes impotence chances and having complexities in
improving the health.
It has been examined that business should find the effective ways to quitting smoking at
workplace. It is necessary to review of health coverage provisions of staff members in order to
assure that the evidence-based smoking counselling as well as medications are covered the
advantages without any barriers. There is a need to consider the federal guidelines for such kind
of coverage as outlined in US Department of Health and Human Services, US Department of
Treasury and Human services. There is a need to implement tobacco free workplace policy. It is
necessary to implementation of tobacco-free policy with the communications of staff member
that mainly highlight tobacco cessation the health insurance coverage and some of the other
resources for the quitting purpose. In the employee communication, give clear rationale for the
new resources and policies aimed to minimizing the smoking of staff members, noting
substantial advantages to quitting business and others. The partner with the public health related
stakeholders in order to implement the evidence-based population strategies for minimize the use
of tobacco for an instance smoke free policy in the local communities. Reducing the use of
tobacco helps in improve employee’s health, enhance worker productivity and minimize cost.
The strategies to reduce use of tobacco use is helpful in improving the health of nation as well as
economic prosperity.
It has been concluded from the above mention report that smoking cigarettes is harmful for
the employee’s health at the workplace. There has been critical review conducted about the
smoke free workplace that is good for the health and also good for business. It has been
examined that tobacco products are exist in many forms consisting pipes, hookahs, cigars and

cigarettes. Intervention explained in present section mainly focus on the smoked tobacco forms
by many could be apply to the other forms. Medical consequence of the tobacco use consisting
the secondhand exposure that make the tobacco control and prevention of smoking is necessary
part of health strategy of people. Two main purpose of the tobacco cessation programs at
workplace are mainly encouraging the tobacco users to be quit and minimizing the staff
member’s exposure to the secondhand smoke. The tobacco free policies at workplace and
reducing number of the staff members who mainly model the use of tobacco behavior will
minimize initiation of tobacco use between staff members as this influence on families of
tobacco use. There has been conducted an analysis by considering the different opinions and
viewpoints of the different authors effectively. Developing strategies for business help in
encourage the staff members to quit smoking and develop the smoke free workplace. The
businesses can be pursuing with communities and staff members would be yield the health and
economic advantages as better as developed through minimizing tobacco use and this exposure
to the secondhand smoke. Helping staff members quit smoking and also making the worksites
which are smoke free to improve health of staff members, minimize the employer cost, enhanced
productivity. The reduced staff member smoking plays more dividends and feasible. Sizable
portion of heath as well as productivity smoking cost can averted through executing the
evidence-based interventions at workplace. There has been stated about the information and
sources which are necessary for gathering the relevant information and data. The criteria use for
the sources are authority, objectivity, supporting evidence, timeliness and relevance. For
collection of information, there has been secondary sources used as consisting the books, articles,
internet sources, scholars and journals.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Baker CL, Flores NM, Zou KH, Bruno M, Harrison VJ. Benefits of quitting smoking on work
productivity and activity impairment in the United States, the European Union and China.
Int J Clin Pract. 2017;71(1). doi:10.1111/ ijcp.12900
Castellan RM, Chosewood LC, Trout D, et al. Promoting health and preventing disease and
injury through workplace tobacco policies. Current Intelligence Bulletin 67. DHHS
(NIOSH) Pub No 2015-113. 2015. https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/2015-
113/pdfs/FY15_CIB-67_2015-113_v3.pdf?id¼10.26616/ NIOSHPUB2015113. Accessed
August 20, 2019
Ham DC, Przybeck T, Strickland JR, Luke Duser
A, Bierut LJ, Evanoff BA. Occupation and workplace policies predict smoking behaviors:
analysis of national data from the Current Population Survey. J Occup Environ Med.
2011;53(11):1337-1345. doi:10.1097/JOM.0b013e3182337778
Odani S, Agaku IT, Graffunder CM, Tynan MA, Armour BS. Tobacco product use among
military veterans—United States, 2010-2015. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep.
2018;67(1):7-12.
Syamlal G, King BA, Mazurek JM. Tobacco use among working adults—United States, 2014-
2016. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017;66(42):1130-1135.
Weng SF, Ali S, Leonardi-Bee J. Smoking and absence from work: systematic review and meta-
analysis of occupational studies. Addiction. 2013;108(2):307-319. doi:10.1111/add.
12015
Xu X, Bishop EE, Kennedy SM, Simpson SA, Pechacek TF. Annual healthcare spending
attributable to cigarette smoking: an update. Am J Prev Med. 2015;48(3):326-333.
doi:10.1016/ j.amepre.2014.10.012