Research Methodology: Critique of Research Paper - Global Learning

This report provides a detailed critique of a scholarly study focusing on well-being and sustainability within business organizations, specifically the work of Annamaria Di Fabio. The critique examines the concept of healthy organizations and their impact on business efficiency and sustainability. It identifies problems within the research, such as the limited time businesses dedicate to employee well-being due to competitive pressures, and explores the importance of a safe and efficient workplace. The report reviews existing literature on organizational effectiveness, psychological health interventions, and the role of technology in the workplace. It also analyzes the research methodology, including the use of positivism philosophy, deductive research approach, survey and interview strategies, and descriptive research design. The critique further assesses sampling methods, the role of the researcher, data collection and analysis methods, and issues related to validity, reliability, and trustworthiness, concluding with recommendations for future research. Desklib provides access to similar reports and solved assignments for students.

Running head: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research Methodologies in Global Learning
Name of the student
Name of the university
Author Note:

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
The Problem.................................................................................................................................3
Literature Review............................................................................................................................4
Quantitative Research Variables......................................................................................................6
Qualitative Research Aims..............................................................................................................7
Hypothesis (Quantitative)................................................................................................................7
Methodology and Links...................................................................................................................7
Research Design..............................................................................................................................8
Sampling methods...........................................................................................................................8
Role of the Researcher.....................................................................................................................9
Data Collection Methods.................................................................................................................9
Data Analysis Methods..................................................................................................................10
Interpretation and Discussion of the Findings...............................................................................10
Issues related to Validity, reliability and trustworthiness..............................................................11
Recommendations for Future Research.........................................................................................12
Conclusions....................................................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................14

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Introduction
The following report is based on the critique of a scholarly study based on the promotion
of well being and sustainability in the business organizations. The report selected for the
criticism and analysis is based on the work of Annamaria Di Fabio who is engaged with the
Department of Education and Psychology in the University of Florence in Italy. The report was
published in the year 2017 on the 14th of November. The criticism is based on the elements of
well being and sustainability and the concept of healthy and capable organizations in the market
and their efficiency and benefits have been discussed accordingly.
The Problem
As mentioned earlier, the report has been prepared by Annamaria Di Fabio and is based
on the study of how the organization engages in well being and sustainability. The concept of the
healthy organizations has been discussed in detail in the following report. The report has aimed
to determine the need for the management of the organization to be efficient and stable in nature
in order to ensure the sustainability of the company in the future (De Vos et al. 2015). The
purpose of this particular assignment is to study the need for providing well being and safety
measures within the business organization. The following report has been able to determine the
major benefits of engaging a safe and sound workplace to the workers.
The report has aimed to find out the purpose of the assignment by identifying the
different problems with the research. The major problems of the research lies with the fact that
the competitive nature of the current business market provides the management of the business
enterprises with very little time to care for the well being of the employees and the workforce
and to ensure sustainability of the business. The absence of a proper and efficient workplace for

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the business enterprises leads to the loss of reputation for the business organizations in the
market. The management of the business enterprises thus needs to address the solutions
accordingly to ensure the success of the business.
Literature Review
The following report clearly deals with the concept of the healthy organizations and starts
with a definition of different kind of healthy organizations and healthy businesses. According to,
(Uysal et al. 2016) the concept of healthy organizations can be defined as the ones which provide
a great climate, culture, practices and workforce to the employees. The healthy organizations can
also be referred to as the organizations that can be said to have an organizational effectiveness.
Organizational effectiveness is one of the most important concepts of the business sustainability.
the better an organization is effective, the better are the chances for the business to ensure its
sustainability. A healthy organization thus leads to a healthy and successful business. It is
important for the management of the business organization to understand the factors that can lead
to organizational profitability and also lead to a successful business. On the other hand according
to the study of, (De Vos et al. 2015) the management of the companies must not focus on the
failure and the limitations of the business but instead must keep a sharp watch on the
organizational effectiveness and well being of its employees. The focus on the organizational
effectiveness helps the organization to easily ensure success in the market. The contribution of
the management towards the well being and sustainability of the workforce thus helps the
organization to recognize, respect and use the meaning of work in healthy organizations as a key
to growth and success.

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However the study of Lowe et al. (2015) argues that in the healthy organizations culture,
climate and good practices provides a clear environment that can promote health and safety as
well as different types of the organizational effectiveness. The creation of a healthy organization
is conductive to healthy and successful business that underlines the strong bonding between the
organization’s profitability and the well being of the workers. On the other hand Semeijn et al.
(2015) suggests that the modern age has introduced many new and smart technologies to change
the course of work in the business. The course of the work in the business is generally changed
by means of using technologies like Robots and high end computers. Therefore the application of
such kind of technologies threatens the job security of the workers. the instability and the
insecurity of the modern business market is thus another perspective that needs to be focused in
order to ensure sustainability and success in the business.
The literature of the following research has identified some of the positive perspectives
from the viewpoint of the business management. According to the study, the management of the
business organization needs to consider the individual, group, the organization and the inter
organizational processes. According to, Barton et al. (2015) at the individual level, the
interventions to improve the psychological health of the employees and the organization as a
whole must be introduced to enrich jobs and motivate the employees personally. Interventions
are aimed to generate strength and enhance the growth of the personal skills and resources. It
helps to build personal development, confidence and forgiveness. The display of such kind of
characteristics is important for the psychological maturity of the business. On the other hand
according to, Tamers et al. (2019) the psychological maturity of the business can help the
employees to interact with each other in a much more healthier and productive manner. At the
group level, the healthy group is a group that respects its members and takes quality time to

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listen properly to their views and styles to create a win-win situation. On the other hand, at the
organizational level, healthy organizations too are open to different types of the challenges. The
study of De Vos et al. (2015) the focus is on making the business enterprise a happy and nice
place for the employees to work in. At the level it is important to facilitate individual networking
of employees within, outside and across the business organizations in order to improve their
performance and the business prospects.
The concept of the sustainability of the different kind of work life projects in terms of
coherence, direction, significance and belonging were developed as a part of promoting well
being and healthy organizations. The management of the business organizations in this case must
shift its gear from a motivational paradigm to a meaning paradigm De Vos et al. 2015). Thus it
can be said that the healthy organizations are based on the building of the resources and the
strengths with the success as the criterion. The presence of a positive approach therefore must be
adopted towards the individuals, groups and the business organizations to ensure success of the
business.
Quantitative Research Variables
The quantitative research is a research based on different kinds of numerical values. The
analysis of the research by means of a quantitative process is done by a statistical analysis by the
creation of charts, bar graphs. Apart from it the research can also be done by using special
software tools like SPSS for the analysis of the quantitative data. The independent research
variable is the well being and safety whereas the dependent research variables are the people.

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Qualitative Research Aims
The research aims to determine the problems that exist in the application of a well being
and sustainable business environment and also provide possible recommendations to change the
current situation.
Hypothesis (Quantitative)
The Hypothesis for the following research report is as follows;
H0- Well being and safety of the workplace is important for a business
H1- Well being and safety of the workplace is not important for a business
Methodology and Links
According to, Bae et al. (2017) the methodology chapter is one of the most important
chapters both for a report as well as for a research paper. The methodology chapter sheds light on
the different kinds of the existing methodological tools that are used widely while carrying on
with the work. Each of the different kinds of the methodological tools are important and thus it
has been mentioned and accordingly justified to ensure the completion of the report. The
selection of the research methodology tools along with the justification of the methods has been
important for the following report. On the other hand, (Di Fabio & Peiró, 2018) The report has
been based on the positivism philosophy which is based on the use of the logical and factual
knowledge. The use of the positivism philosophy can help in a logical and scientific analysis. On
the other hand a deductive research approach has been selected for the following report. The
deductive research approach has helped the report to formulate the results of the report based on

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a secondary research article. A survey research strategy along with an interview research strategy
has been used in the following report to determine and analyze the results of the report.
Research Design
There are basically three major types of research designs which are used in the different
kinds of researches. This includes the likes of the explanatory research design, the exploratory
research design and the descriptive research design. The explanatory research designs explain the
concepts of the research and explain the fact that led to the choice of the different concepts and
theories. The exploratory research design on the other hand, identifies and discusses the issues
that exist in the research. Lastly descriptive research design is basically a mixture of both the
explanatory and the exploratory research designs. The design thus identifies the issues of the
research as well as provides the reason that leads to the issues and assess the relationship that
exists among the variables. The construction of the report has been done by means of selecting
the descriptive research design. The descriptive research design first of all identifies the problem
and provides the reasons that lead to the issues. Such an identification process helps to provide
the recommendations to the problems of the report. Therefore the selection of the descriptive
research design is highly justified and valid for the creation of this particular report.
Sampling methods
The main kinds of the sampling techniques are namely that of non probability sampling
techniques and probability sampling techniques. Probability sampling techniques provides equal
chances to each individual in a sample to share the opinion or data based on the topic of the
research. However, on the other hand, as the name suggests, non-probability sampling technique
does not provide equal chances to all the individuals in a sample to be a part of the data

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collection process (Hesketh & Cooper, 2017). Both probability and non-probability sampling
techniques are further classified into sub-categories. Probability sampling techniques are
categorized into simple random, stratified random and systematic sampling. However, on the
other hand, non-probability sampling technique is classified into purposive sampling,
convenience sampling and snowball sampling.
The report here has selected the sample random probability technique. As mentioned in
the previous section, simple random suitable because random probability-sampling technique
allows every member of the sample frame equal chances to be selected. Such a facility saves
time and resource.
Role of the Researcher
The role of the researcher in the creation of the report especially, the selection of the
methodological tools is one of the most efficient for the completion and success of the report.
The researcher is the sole responsible person to identify and select the different kind of processes
and methods needed for the proper analysis of the report. The selection of the work of
Annamaria Di Fabia on Healthy workplace and safe working environment has been one of the
best choice of the researcher as the article has highlighted the different perspectives related to the
healthy working environment in a business enterprise.
Data Collection Methods
The data collection process is one of the most important tasks of the report and is one of
the vital steps that need to be accomplished properly to ensure successful results. The process of
data collection relates to the different types of the relevant data processes that are used to collect

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and analyze data. The two main types of the data collection processes are primary data collection
and secondary data collection. There are times when the primary and secondary data, both are
used to collect data and analyze them. Both the primary and the secondary data collection
processes are different from each other. The primary data collection processes depends on the
selection of live respondents and then either collecting their responses through questionnaires or
collecting their responses through the means of interview. The questionnaire collection is
referred to as the primary quantitative method whereas the interview process is referred to as the
primary qualitative process. On the other hand, the secondary data collection methods refer to the
collection of data by selecting earlier research works and articles related to the topic of the
research. The analysis of the results by means of the secondary research process is believed to be
reliable and valid as it takes the help of the old and tested research articles.
Data Analysis Methods
The following report has been prepared by means of both the secondary as well as
primary research techniques. The secondary research techniques have been useful for the
construction of the literature review whereas the primary research techniques have been helpful
to collect the responses of the respondents in respect of the following report. The use of the
statistical methods along with the theoretical methods has ensured a scientific and effective edge
to the results making the report more effective and compact in nature.
Interpretation and Discussion of the Findings
Most of the respondents have accepted the fact that a healthy and stable work
environment is needed for the growth of the business as well as ensuring a sustainable future for
the business. The presence of an effective and stable work environment is highly essential for the

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business to ensure the growth of the organizations (Uysal et al. 2016). Apart from this the
respondents also accepted the fact that the presence of a stable and effective working
environment can help in the growth of a business and make it more productive in nature.
However, the most important result which was determined was the importance of the
management of the business enterprises to ensure the presence of the motivational factors to
charge up the performance of the employees. A motivated employee can help in the growth and
success of the business organization.
Issues related to Validity, reliability and trustworthiness
According to, Uysal et al. (2016) the presence of validity and reliability can be said to be
the primary aim of any report. The issue of validity and reliability must be answered in order to
ensure success of the report. The questionnaire of the survey can be judged by means of judging
the suitability of the questionnaire in really measuring what should be measured and what should
not be measured. Additionally, the validity is measured in context of avoiding biasness or
distortion whereas reliability refers to the generation of consistent outcomes from the
questionnaire with minimal errors. As mentioned earlier, the research has used both the
qualitative as well as the quantitative research methodology. The usage of both these research
methodology has been one of the vital elements or perspectives that has helped shape up the
direction of the research. The reliability and the validity of the research information is thus one
of the most important factors in this regard as because it helps the research to attain a certain
degree of trust. Both the primary as well as the secondary research information has been essential
for the preparation and the success of the research accordingly.

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Recommendations for Future Research
The research on the sustainability of the workplace and the consideration for the well
being of the workers have been one of the most essential study of the modern day. The modern
day business needs a friendly working environment in order to provide the workers with a
tension free environment. The tension free environment of an organization is essential for the
success of the business and is the reason behind the productivity of the business. Some of the
major recommendations that can be essential for the future researches on the same are as
follows;
a. The management of the organizations must make it a necessity to implement a cultural
friendly working environment that can easily support a multicultural workforce
b. The management of the business organizations must train the employees on sustainability
according the standards of the business
c. The management of the business organizations must train the employees on workplace
behavior according the standards of the business
d. The business organizations can ensure the success of the business by a proper and
balanced blend of traditional and modern smart technologies
Therefore the future researches on the same study must take into consideration the above
mentioned factors. As because the consideration of the above mentioned factors is important to
determine and analyze the success of the business in the present situation.
Conclusions
The report has been able to identify the major difficulties that prove to be a hurdle in the
success of the business organizations during the implementation of a proper and effective

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business workplace. The critical analysis of the literature review has been essential to provide a
clear and transparent picture to the total concept of well being and sustainability in the modern
business world. The innovation of focusing on experiences of success in relationships between
workers, teams, and organizations (Di Fabio, 2017) could open new opportunities for research
and intervention. In fact, such relationships could be a central feature of healthy organizations
and of new ways of conceptualizing organizational relationality. This refers not only to prosocial
organizational behavior, organizational citizenship behavior, organizational support,
organizational welfare, but also to the new construct of workplace relational civility. The report
has thus been able to address the issues of the organizations which need to be improved to ensure
the sustainability of the business. Apart from this the report has provided the different kind of
methodological tools and methods that have been adapted in the following report to analyze the
results from the critical review and the analysis. Therefore the results of the primary and
secondary analysis thus both points out towards the importance of a sustainable and effective
workplace for a better future of the business organizations.

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