Analysis of Crossrail's Sustainable Construction Methods

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Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
LO1..................................................................................................................................................4
P1.................................................................................................................................................4
P2.................................................................................................................................................4
LO2..................................................................................................................................................7
P3.................................................................................................................................................7
P4.................................................................................................................................................9
LO3................................................................................................................................................10
P5...............................................................................................................................................10
P6...............................................................................................................................................11
LO4................................................................................................................................................12
P7...............................................................................................................................................12
P9...............................................................................................................................................13
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................22
References......................................................................................................................................23
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List of Figures
Figure 1: Gantt chart........................................................................................................................7
Figure 2: Critical path method.........................................................................................................7
Figure 3: CPM.................................................................................................................................9
Figure 4: Project stage...................................................................................................................12
Figure 5: slide 1.............................................................................................................................13
Figure 6: Slide 2.............................................................................................................................14
Figure 7: Slide 3.............................................................................................................................15
Figure 8: Slide 4.............................................................................................................................16
Figure 9: Slide 5.............................................................................................................................17
Figure 10: Slide 6...........................................................................................................................18
Figure 11: Slide 7...........................................................................................................................19
Figure 12: Slide 8...........................................................................................................................20
Figure 13: Slide 9...........................................................................................................................21
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Introduction
The main theme followed during the report is Sustainability in the construction industry. The
report will be discussed on the topic “the influence of construction method on project
sustainability”. The aim of the report is to identify and evaluate the problems faced during the
construction process and find the most appropriate solution to manage those solutions. The report
is divided into four sections and following learning outcomes. The first part discusses the
selected construction based project and the reason why this project is selected its second part
discusses the project specification. The second section helps to identify the project resources,
costs, and timescales regarding the construction, and the techniques which are used to potentially
derive the solution. The third section will talk about the project management strategies which are
going to suit the construction project. The fourth section will describe and identify the different
stages of the project. Gantt chart and CPM will help the following project to measure the time,
cost and resources.
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LO1
P1
The constructed project selected for the assignment is Cross rail, it is 118 km which will connect
central London to the Abbey. It is the biggest and largest construction in the whole UK. The rail
line will cover the central London – Reading-Heathrow-Shin field to Abbey Wood. The project
was built with the aim to increase rail transportation by 10 percent. The project was expected to
complete nearly in the year 2019. The Cross rail will increase around 57,000 homes and will
create an area of 3.25 sqm of space. The total estimated cost of the project is £ 15.5 billion which
will come either from public or private funding. The rail will cover a total of 41 stations. The
cross line is also known with the name Elizabeth line. The project is selected because it will
provide and enhance the entire necessary requirement of how construction is carried out in a
sustainable manner as well as the project management strategies (Griffith et.al, 2014).
P2
The document of project specification is generally for defining the scope of the project. The
timeline cost, as well as such, is defined in the project specification document. While drafting the
project specification documents following are the main components that are required to be
considered:
Project Charter
Overview of the project: The introduction is for providing a description of the project. This
project discussion is based on the construction of the railway line that is under construction
in England. The construction was started in 2009 with the acceptance of a proposal in 2007.
The cost is estimated for the project is £15.4 billion that is by the end of 2018, December.
This construction is based on the concept of tunnel crossing of large diameter.
The approach of the project:The project approach provides a detailed technical description
of the project. In the construction of the Cross rail, the proposal was prepared by railwayman.
The proposal was implemented after an investigation by the committee. Seniors railway
managers were responsible for the promoting super link proposal. Quality managers are
responsible for ensuring that the project is delivered according to the designed that are
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provided by the consultants. Different construction companies such as ACS are involved in
the construction project.
The objective of the project: The main objective of the cross rail project is introducing a
network service that a brand new in order to link the areas across London that will basically
reduce the overcrowding at the national services of rail as well as London Underground.
Feasibility, risk as well as constraints:The stumbling blocks regarding the project are
identified in the risk as well as feasibility analysis. The idea of the construction of Cross rail
was a new concept that was predicted as an imaginative idea so the feasibility of the project
was tested in order to determine the cost as well as the practicability of the project. Delay
was observed at the starting of the project due to difficulty in testing the signaling as well as
the train. Over budgeting of the project occurred that leads to certain delays at the delivery of
the project (Tabassi et.al, 2016).
Management of the project group
This component of project specification defines the major roles in construction project
management. The decision making process regarding the management of the project. Preparation
of communication plan between the stakeholders involved in the project.Testing the irregularities
that can occur in the project.
Development of the project
There were various project environmental, geotechnical as well as equipment that are required
for the construction of the Cross rail.Specific machines for tunnel boring are used during the
construction of Cross rail.The overall cost o the project is dependent upon the requirement of the
project as well as all the testing's that were carried out regarding the geotechnical as well as the
environmental factors affecting the construction. The excavation that was carried out during the
project helped the archeologist in understanding the soil texture of London Street (Serpell ey.al,
2013).
Project Schedule
TASK NAME DURATION START FINISH
Research on sustainability in
construction Industry 23 days Thu 6/6/19 Mon
7/8/19
Selection of research project 3 days Thu 6/6/19 Mon
6/10/19
5

Selection of an ongoing
sustainable construction project 2 days Thu 6/6/19 Fri 6/7/19
Justifying the selection of the
topic 1 day Mon
6/10/19
Mon
6/10/19
Requirement analysis 3 days Tue 6/11/19 Thu 6/13/19
Collection of data from
secondary sources 2 days Tue 6/11/19 Wed
6/12/19
Identifying the project
component 1 day Thu 6/13/19 Thu 6/13/19
Research methodology planning 2 days Fri 6/14/19 Mon
6/17/19
Selecting the most appropriate
technique to conduct the
research project
7 days Tue 6/18/19 Wed
6/26/19
Identification of the potential
resources and the cost. 3 days Tue 6/18/19 Thu 6/20/19
Interpretation and analysis of
the data 2 days Fri 6/21/19 Mon
6/24/19
Understanding the strategies of
project management. 2 days Tue 6/25/19 Wed
6/26/19
Analyzing the research findings 8 days Thu 6/27/19 Mon 7/8/19
Conduct the research 4 days Thu 6/27/19 Tue 7/2/19
Conclusion and
Recommendation 2 days Wed 7/3/19 Thu 7/4/19
Final Research Report 2 days Fri 7/5/19 Mon 7/8/19
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ID Task
Mode
Task Name Duration Start Finish
0 Research on sustainability in
construction Industry
23 days Thu
6/6/19
Mon
7/8/19
1 1 Selection of research
project
3 days Thu 6/6/19 Mon
6/10/19
2 1.1 Selection of a ongoing
sustainable construction
project
2 days Thu 6/6/19 Fri 6/7/19
3 1.2 Justifying the selection
of the topic
1 day Mon
6/10/19
Mon
6/10/19
4 2 Requirement analysis 3 days Tue
6/11/19
Thu
6/13/19
5 2.1 Collection of data from
secondary sources
2 days Tue
6/11/19
Wed
6/12/19
6 2.2 Identifying the project
component
1 day Thu
6/13/19
Thu
6/13/19
7 3 Research methodology planning2 days Fri 6/14/19 Mon 6/17/19
8 4 Selecting the most
appropriate technique to
conduct the research
project
7 days Tue
6/18/19
Wed
6/26/19
9 4.1 Identification of the
potential resources and the
cost.
3 days Tue
6/18/19
Thu
6/20/19
10 4.2 Interpretation and
analysis of the data
2 days Fri 6/21/19 Mon
6/24/19
11 4.3 Understanding the
strategies of project
management.
2 days Tue
6/25/19
Wed
6/26/19
12 5 Analyzing the research findings8 days Thu 6/27/19Mon 7/8/19
13 5.1 Conduct the research 4 days Thu 6/27/19Tue 7/2/19
14 5.2 Conclusion and
Recommendation
2 days Wed 7/3/19Thu 7/4/19
15 5.3 Final Research Report 2 days Fri 7/5/19 Mon 7/8/19
T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T
Jun 2, '19 Jun 9, '19 Jun 16, '19 Jun 23, '19 Jun 30, '19 Jul 7, '19
Figure 1: Gantt chart
Figure 2: Critical path method
LO2
P3
Potential Resources
The construction of Cross rail is governed by the minimum potential resource requirement that
comprises of the general principles that are to be followed while designing Cross rail. The
construction code that is to be followed, heritage and planning memorandum, as well as the
environmental memorandum, are the main factors that governed the construction of Cross rail.
Potential resources comprise of the material as well as the product that is to be delivered,
equipment, tools, construction plants, human resources, the facilities and space, finance as well
as the subcontractors. The construction of Cross rail used the excavated materials that were
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accumulated in an approach that is client led. Tunneling work is the major construction part of
the construction of Cross rail. The excavated materials are shipped. Various tunnels boring
equipment that includes the TBM (Tunnel Boring-machines) are used in construction. Fiber
mixture concrete is used as this adds morestrength to the structure. Top heading, invert and
bench are used during the construction of the launch chamber and the cavern section that is
smaller is constructed using single side wall drift. The control of the profile of the cavern is done
using equipment that is targetless remote laser scanning. The monitoring is carried out using
inclinometers, pressure cells, piezometers as well as extensometers (Smith, 2014).
Cost
The cost that is estimated for the project that is announced at the initial stage of the project was
£15.4 billion that is by the end of 2018 December. Then it was estimated in the later stage of the
project that it will require £1.4 billion that is a bailout. The revenues for the annual ticket that is
required for the construction was estimated to exceed £800 millionpassing by the years in
2020/202 as well as more than £900 million increasing per year starting from the year 2022/
2023. As the concept of cross rail was unique and new it was assumed to be imaginative so at the
primary stage according to the feasibility study the project cost was estimated to be£300 million.
By the progress of the project, the project cost went over the budget of about £600m (Kibert,
2014).
Timescales
SL. NO. DATE PROJECT EVENTS
1. 1941–48 The proposal of the Cross rail was forwarded.
2. 1974 The report recommended by London Rail
Study
3. 1989 Three schemes of Cross rail was proposed by
London Rail Study
4. 1991 Promotion of private bill for the project
5. 2001 Promotion of the cross rail project
8

6. 2004 Expansion of the super link scheme
7. 2005 Putting the Cross rail scheme before
parliament
8. 2009 Beginning of the construction
9. 2018 Transfer of services from Paddington
10. 2019 Tfl started operating (Basu, 2017)
Figure 3: CPM
P4
The construction of cross rail that consists of platform tunnels as well as the station of fourteen
kilometers is done with the construction mining technique that is known as sprayed concrete
lining. This technique is utilized to form the tunnels of the station platform, platform tunnel cross
passages, concourse tunnels, ventilation tunnels, and ventilation as well as the cross over
channels and the shafts of the intervention. This technique includes the spraying of the concrete
that is strengthened with the steel fibers upon the ground surfaces that are freshly excavated for
sealing of the tunnel that is constructed newly. A permanent structure is then createdby adding
more layers for creating a watertight surface. The technique involves a process that contains
underground spaces that are huge as well as the creation of curved walls. The station tunnels are
created using this technique of sprayed concrete (Davies et.al, 2014).
LO3
P5
Selecting the best methodology for the management of the project is the first and foremost thing
that is required for the management of any project. There are many complexities as well as
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overlapping techniques that exist for the management of a project and deciding the correct
strategy for the management of a project based on the suitability is a difficult task. Following are
the best strategies for the management of a project that provides best practices as well as
solutions according to the type of project:
Finalizing the details of the project: Laying the foundation of the project is the key step
before the commencement of the project. That involves discussing the stakeholders involved
in the project as well as the preparation of a communication plan for discussing the
involvement as well as the requirements of the project.
Setting the expectation for the project: Defining the responsibilities of the key members of
the project is the second major component of the project management strategy.
Selecting the proper technique as well as a team for the project: After the preparation of
proper plan as well as the allocation of proper responsibilities proper documentation is done
in order to keep all the activities of the project at one place for proper management of the
project task. The details are maintained in the project log book that is used while ensuring the
quality of the project.
Defining the milestones of the project: The major, as well as the key deliverables of the
project, are required to be defined. This includes defining the initiation of the project,
planning, execution of the project as well as the project closure. This helps in ensuring the
correct procedure of the project and defining any risk at any project stage.
Communication plan: A communication plan is created that defines the timing of the
communication of the stakeholders regarding the quality of the project.
Managing the risk of the project: Defining the potential risk of the project is required in order
to prevent the potential risk at the later stage of the project. This involves the preparation of a
contingency plan that includes the prevention action regarding the risks that are identified.
Avoiding the scope creep of the project: Scope creep are for keeping a place for the addition
of any changes during the project it also defines the range as well as the scope of the changes
that can occur ensuring the project without altering the client require4mntas well as project
objective.
Evaluation of the project once it is completed: Reviewing the project after its completion is
required in order to ensure that all the project deliverables are completed according to the
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requirement of the project as well as ensuring that the project learning can be used in some
future projects.
Apart from all these strategies, there are various models like the agile model, waterfall models
that exist for the management of project deliverables. The waterfall model is the traditional
method of project management; the agile method is the evolved form of waterfall model with the
latest requirements of successful completion of a project (McGeorge et.al, 2012).
P6
The suggested solution is upon sustainability in construction. This is one of the major aspects of
the construction industry and focuses on the concept of green construction. It is considered an
important aspect of constructing nowadays as this includes the creation of structures as well as
utilizing processes that are responsible for the environment resource protection as well as the
efficiency of the resources. The solution includes marinating sustainability throughout the
construction lifecycle that includes designing of the project, construction, operating, maintain,
renovation as well as demolition of the project. All the construction solutions are nowadays
sustainability centered that is based on the complexity of the construction procedures (Harris
et.al, 2013).
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