Systems Analysis and Database Design (CSI6207) Quiz 2 Assignment

This document provides a comprehensive solution to the CSI6207 Systems Analysis and Database Design Quiz 2, addressing key concepts in database design and systems analysis. The solution defines an attribute of an object and lists vehicle attributes. It explains cardinality and its importance in object relationships, differentiating between aggregation and composition. Examples of superclasses and their inheritable objects are provided. The document clarifies the use of many-to-many cardinalities in UML class diagrams versus entity relationship diagrams, and explains state machines and foreign keys with examples. The necessity of primary keys in objects and entities is discussed, along with five entities within the ECU Blackboard system. References to relevant academic literature are also included.

Running head: MASTERS OF COMPUTER SCIENCE
Systems Analysis and Database Design
Name of Student-
Name of University-
Author’s Note-

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Answer to Question 1:
Attribute of an object can be defined as the property or can be defined as the
characteristics of the object. Attribute in a Database Management System is considered as the
changeable property or the some characteristics of the component that might include in that
program and has different set of values. The component of a database is described as the attribute
of that object. An attribute has many fields or tables included in them.
Attribute of Vehicle object are: Engine RPM, Mileage, and Engine Capacity
Answer to question 2:
Cardinality defines the number of rows that are rows that are related in each of the
objects that are defined. There are relationships between two tables of two queries. The total
number of rows in each object is known as the cardinality of an object. It defines the uniqueness
of the value of data that are in a column or in an object. The higher the cardinality states the
higher number of values in that the object have. The cardinality relationships between two
objects are mainly of three types- One to one relationship, One to many relationships, and many
to many relationships.
Cardinality is important in database because it establishes links from a table to another
table in a proper structured manner. Without the cardinality, there cannot be any relationship in
between the tables of an entity.
Answer to question 3:
Aggregation is indicated as the relationship where the child class can exit without a
parent class independently. Example of aggregation is: let there are two entities known as Class

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entity and the student entity. The class entity is the class and the student is the child class. If class
is deleted, Student still exist.
Composition: This indicates that the child cannot exist independently without a parent
class. Association is considered as a generic term that is used to represent a class that uses
functionalities that are provided by some other class. Whereas, in composition the parent object
class inherits the child object class and without the parent class, the child class does not have any
meaning. If child class without parent class can exist independently, it is known as aggregation.
Answer to question 4:
Example of superclass that derives three objects are:
Let Bicycle be a super class. The objects that can be derived from the superclass
“Bicycle” are Mountain Bike, Road Bike and Cyclo cross bike. All are sub class of the super
class bicycle. They share same sets of objects.
Answer to Question 5:
The conceptual entity relationship diagram are basically used as foundation of logical
data models. The ERD do not have primary keys and so there is no meaning of having
cardinalities in an ERD. Attributes are the main characteristics of the ERD diagrams and many to
many relationships are only included in the UML Class Diagrams.
Answer to question 6:
State machine in a database states the model of computation that are implemented in
practical applications. Finite state machine is one of the most famous state machine. This is a
mathematical model that is used for computation. State machine have different states but only

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completes one states at a given period of time. There are many types of state machine in addition
to finite state machine. Turing machine is another famous states machine used in database.
Answer to question 7:
A foreign key is basically a key or a field in the tables that states the main primary key of
some other table. The table consisting of foreign table is commonly known as child table. And
the table that has the main candidate key is commonly known as the parent table.
Example of foreign key is described below: If a table name Persons has personID,
LastName, FirstName, and Age as its attribute, and another table Order has OrderId,
OrdeNumber and PersonId as its attribute, then the PersonId in the Order table is the foreign key.
The PersonId in the first table is the primary key and the PersonID in the Order table is the
foreign key. The constraint of foreign key in a table is used to prevent the actions that might
destroy the links between the tables.
Answer to question 8:
The primary is known as the unique value in a table and the value of a primary key
cannot be null. The concept of primary key is important in a table to identify a particular field in
the table that defines the table uniquely. Without the concept of primary key in a table, the
concept of relational database would not have any work. All the individuals in a project includes
primary keys. For a primary key, there should be a table or column that is generated with the
database accordingly.
Answer to question 9:

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Yes, it is necessary to include primary keys in an object because the primary key defines
an object uniquely in the entity. Each of the database table includes the primary key that ensures
the row level accessibility. The main reason of implementing primary key in a table is to
establish relationship between the tables and primary key is mainly used in relational database.
Primary key extends the foreign key of another table.
For qualifying the primary key in an entity, the attributes must follow the below stated
properties.
 The primary key must have non-null value for each of the instance in that entity.
 There must be unique value for each of the instance in an entity.
 The value of the instance should not be changed and should be given null in the life of
entity instance.
The entity includes one or more attribute includes the primary key. The type of key or the
minimum key set of primary key is called as the candidate key. When the candidate keys are
defined, only one primary key is included in the table. The identifier should be common and
should be used by the user when it conforms the properties in the list.
Answer to question 10:
Name of Five entities that might include in the ECU backboard system are students,
teachers, administration, database administration, and system.

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References
Colombo, P. and Ferrari, E., 2015. Efficient enforcement of action-aware purpose-based access
control within relational database management systems. IEEE Transactions on Knowledge and
Data Engineering, 27(8), pp.2134-2147.
Connolly, T.M. and Beg, C.E., 2015. Database systems: a practical approach to design,
implementation, and management.
Coronel, C. and Morris, S., 2016. Database systems: design, implementation, & management.
Cengage Learning.
Dadjoo, M. and Kheirkhah, E., 2015. An approach for transforming of relational databases to
OWL ontology. arXiv preprint arXiv:1502.05844.
Elmasri, R., 2017. Fundamentals of database systems.
Foster, E.C. and Godbole, S., 2016. Database systems: a pragmatic approach. Apress.
Narang, R., 2018. Database management systems. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..
Storey, V.C. and Song, I.Y., 2017. Big data technologies and management: What conceptual
modeling can do. Data & Knowledge Engineering, 108, pp.50-67.