Analyzing Global CSIRO Megatrends in Tourism and Hospitality

This report analyzes the CSIRO's megatrends impacting the tourism and hospitality industry. It examines trends like "More from Less," "Going, Going... Gone," "The Silk Highway," "Virtually Here," "Great Expectations," and "Forever Young." Each megatrend is explored, detailing its opportunities, challenges, influencing factors (political, social, economic), and its relationship to tourism. The report includes recommendations for addressing challenges and leveraging opportunities, particularly focusing on the Australian context and the future direction of tourism and hospitality. The analysis incorporates research, deduction, and problem-solving skills to predict the future of the tourism sector. The report emphasizes sustainability, economic shifts, and the impact of globalization and technological advancements on the industry.

Global CSIRO
Megatrends

Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Megatrends.......................................................................................................................................3
1. More from less.............................................................................................................................3
What is the more from less megatrend?.................................................................................3
Previous researcher.................................................................................................................3
What is the opportunity & Challenges of the trend................................................................3
Recommendation how to overcome on these challenges.......................................................4
Political /social cultural / Economic Factors that influence the emerging mega trend..........4
Relationships between tourism and the content areas under study........................................4
Research, deduction and problem-solving skills to predict the future direction of tourism and
hospitality...............................................................................................................................5
2. Going, going……. Gone..............................................................................................................5
What is the Going, going……. Gone megatrend?.................................................................5
Previous researcher.................................................................................................................5
What is the opportunity & Challenges of the trend................................................................5
Recommendation how to overcome on these challenges.......................................................5
Political /social cultural / Economic Factors that influence the emerging mega trend..........6
Relationships between tourism and the content areas under study........................................6
Research, deduction and problem-solving skills to predict the future direction of tourism and
hospitality...............................................................................................................................6
3. The Silk Highway........................................................................................................................6
What is the silk Highway megatrend?....................................................................................6
Previous researcher.................................................................................................................6
What is the opportunity & Challenges of the trend................................................................7
Recommendation how to overcome on these challenges.......................................................7
Political /social cultural / Economic Factors that influence the emerging mega trend..........7
Relationships between tourism and the content areas under study........................................7

Research, deduction and problem-solving skills to predict the future direction of tourism and
hospitality...............................................................................................................................7
4. Virtually here...............................................................................................................................8
What is the Virtually here megatrend?...................................................................................8
Previous researcher.................................................................................................................8
What is the opportunity & Challenges of the trend................................................................8
Recommendation how to overcome on these challenges.......................................................8
Political /social cultural / Economic Factors that influence the emerging mega trend..........8
Relationships between tourism and the content areas under study........................................9
Research, deduction and problem-solving skills to predict the future direction of tourism and
hospitality...............................................................................................................................9
5. Great Expectation.........................................................................................................................9
What is the Great Expectation megatrend?............................................................................9
Previous researcher.................................................................................................................9
What is the opportunity & Challenges of the trend................................................................9
Recommendation how to overcome on these challenges.....................................................10
Political /social cultural / Economic Factors that influence the emerging mega trend........10
Relationships between tourism and the content areas under study......................................10
Research, deduction and problem-solving skills to predict the future direction of tourism and
hospitality.............................................................................................................................10
6. Forever Young...........................................................................................................................10
What is the Forever Young megatrend?...............................................................................10
Previous researcher...............................................................................................................10
What is the opportunity & Challenges of the trend..............................................................11
Recommendation how to overcome on these challenges.....................................................11
Political /social cultural / Economic Factors that influence the emerging mega trend........11
Relationships between tourism and the content areas under study......................................12
Research, deduction and problem-solving skills to predict the future direction of tourism and
hospitality.............................................................................................................................12
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................12
References......................................................................................................................................13

Introduction
In present world, megatrends can be considered as a crucial shift that take place within
environment, economic, social and many more other auditions with the help of substantial
changes in different regions like code of conduct, standardization of living, the way of living and
many more. Present report is based on the different megatrends that CSIRO team has tried to
develop a four side project and took an initiative to reduce the usage of different range of limited
resources. Some of these mega trends are More from less, Going, going ... Gone?, Great
expectations, virtually here, the silk highway and forever young (Our future world, 2012). All of
these trends are mentioned get this report where discussion will be made on opportunities and
challenges of the trend, different factors which influences the emerging Trend and lastly problem
solving skills, deduction and research will be e utilised to protect future directions of tourism of
all the mega trends.
Megatrends
1. More from less
What is the more from less megatrend?
According to CSIRO, more from less mega trend has been developed to deliver the information
to hospitality and tourism companies, communities, governments about how they can effectively
take initiatives in order to bring improvement within quality of life with the help of optimum
utilisation of limited resources (Hajkowicz, Cook and Littleboy, 2012).
Previous researcher
As mentioned by UNESA, in the year of 2011 world specifically welcomed 7 billion citizens and
by the time of 2025 the population of the whole world will be around 8 billion people and if it is
talk about 2043 then it will be 9 billion people. This specifically raised concerns for the limited
resources that are left for both current and future aspects and it is pretty much needed to take
appropriate initiative or else future generation would have to face difficulties even to live or to
improve living standards.

What is the opportunity & Challenges of the trend
Opportunities: There are a number of opportunities that came in front of developing more from
less megatrend and some of these are presented underneath: Increasing biofuel production and Rise in recycling: With the help of more from less
megatrend there are many organisations that started utilising biofuel in order to develop
products. Is donkey forecast it can be said that approximately 2.5 % to 3.8% there will be
an increase within biofuel production from the existing percentage. Through spreading
awareness within Australia there are many sectors like mining that showed decline within
usage of mineral commodity based products.
Challenges: Some of the challenges are presented underneath:
 Rising population numbers and demand of food supply: As it was mentioned earlier,
that by the year of 2043 the population will be around 9 billion which will automatically
raise the demand of food supply in all over the world which can be considered as a
crucial challenge for the megatrend (Hajkowicz, 2015).
Recommendation how to overcome on these challenges
The primal recommendation that can be given in present context is to spread awareness among
public in relation to reducing birth rate and also it is must to take into consideration of different
practices like decrease in carbon emission, taking into consideration of different recycle waste
products and also implement biofuel production among different sectors in whatever it is
possible to achieve energy security.
Political /social cultural / Economic Factors that influence the emerging mega trend
Different factors like energy consumption, rise in employment rate, western culture and many
more are considered to be the crucial factors that belongs to social culture and economic
elements that has impacted negatively on more from less megatrend. Also, it has been analysed
to that the developed culture of wasting the energy through extra consumption of it like wasting
water for no reason can also be considered as a crucial factor that may impact on emerging
megatrends in near future (Hajkowicz, Cook and Boughen, 2013).
Relationships between tourism and the content areas under study
Rise in consumption of non renewable resources will directly impact negatively on tourism
sector because there are many areas in the world that has insufficient water to meet human needs.

It is may be possible that among these areas that are adventurous to visit but because of the
reasons like insufficient water or any other aspect will carry negative impact on tourism sector.
Research, deduction and problem-solving skills to predict the future direction of tourism and
hospitality
Considering the above mentioned report, developing range of plants of biofuel production and
considering recycling as a major component for using the materials that can be recycled are the
crucial elements which will impact positively on tourism and hospitality industry of Australia
because there will be less consumption of non renewable resources.
2. Going, going……. Gone
What is the Going, going……. Gone megatrend?
The mega trend developed by CSIRO named as Going, going .... Gone is developed to analyse
the overall situation of biodiversity and ecological habitats. Due to rise in economic conditions,
the world is facing problems like extension of different species and greenhouse gas emissions.
Previous researcher
According to Hajkowicz, Cook and Littleboy, (2012), there is a non stoppable rise has been seen
among different aspects like deforestation, habitat fragmentation, biodiversity decline. These
signs has impacted positively in terms of economic conditions of the whole world but if it is
thought in a different way like impact on nature or culture then it has impacted negatively.
What is the opportunity & Challenges of the trend.
Opportunity: Considering the mega Trend, Going, going .... Gone there will be rise within
alliance for zero extinction just like 595 sites already place in order to reduce the critical
situation for species survival which is leading them to extinct. Tourism industry and hospitality if
specifically take into consideration of this friend then it is may be possible that number of
benefits it will gain in near future.
Challenges: Extensive fragmentation along with degradation of habitats can be considered as a
loss of biodiversity which will impact negatively on ecosystem of the whole world. These
situations has already brought negativity among human responses because they have already
developed pure culture of utilising cars which pollutes the air and can be considered as a reason
for global warming (Olsmats and Kaivo-Oja, 2014).

Recommendation how to overcome on these challenges
There are some of the crucial recommendations that can be given in order to overcome the
challenges and these are presented underneath:
 Reducing the percentage of deforestation will impact positively in near future of the
tourism industry of the areas that are famous for its greenery.
 Efforts to be made towards biodiversity sites in order to protect them will be also
considered as a recommendation that can be e helpful in reducing the challenge.
Political /social cultural / Economic Factors that influence the emerging mega trend
Climate change and emerging economy of the overall world are the two crucial factors that has
impacted negatively on the emerging megatrends that are linking to biodiversity and classical
balance of the environment. It can be said that, some of the crucial changes are required to be
made like reducing fuel consumption and less focus on making money from utilising non
renewable resources will directly impact positively on reduce action in deforestation and impact
on extinction of different species (Hajkowicz and et. al., 2016).
Relationships between tourism and the content areas under study
Biodegradation, deforestation and many more other aspects that are impacting negatively on
biological elements of the nature will directly affect tourism and hospitality industry because
most of the areas are green and filled with ice that encourages visitors towards it.
Research, deduction and problem-solving skills to predict the future direction of tourism and
hospitality
Reducing the habitat damage, over exploitation of the different it is species whether it is flora of
fauna and animals along with reduction in pollution can be considered as the crucial steps that
will impact positively on the nature and on tourism and hospitality sector as well.
3. The Silk Highway
What is the silk Highway megatrend?
Present megatrend is named as silk highway is considered as a crucial trend that the whole world
will see due to shift of the economy from Western areas to eastern countries like India and
China.

Previous researcher
According to OECD, there will be major shift of the world economy from west to east due to
rapid growth of the different Asian countries like China and India. This megatrend will focus on
people transition out of poverty and to enter into middle-income classes because of the rise in
industrialisation within the non stoppable countries like India and China.
What is the opportunity & Challenges of the trend.
Opportunity: The shifting of hotspot of world economic activities from Europe and United States
to Saudi Arabia and in the year of 2030 it will shift from these countries to China and India due
to economic growth of the Asian continent. This will automatically raise the number of
companies within tourism and hospitality sector (Day, 2015).
Challenges: Outbreak of pandemic diseases and financial crises are said to be the crucial
challenges which will impact negatively on megatrend and on the tourism and hospitality sector
as well.
Recommendation how to overcome on these challenges
It is recommended that developing an effective plan in relation to increase in commodity supply
from developing countries will automatically reduce the chances of going through difficulties
even in the financial crisis faced by world. On the other hand, reduction within the rate of steel
consumption per unit of gross domestic product white impact positively and increase in the
expenditure rate of medication will reduce the chances of outbreak of pandemic diseases just like
the world is facing in present time that is Novel Corona Virus.
Political /social cultural / Economic Factors that influence the emerging mega trend
Global commodity prices industrialization rate, commodity supply and rise in tourism due to
different cultural aspects are said to be some of the crucial factors that might influence the
emerging megatrends in near future. It is pretty much needed for government of Asian Countries
to take right action because this well automatically bring in competition among different Asian
nations like China, India, Korea and so on (Butler and et. al., 2015).
Relationships between tourism and the content areas under study
China is already reached to the third position of the residence of short-term visitor arrivals
among different nations like New Zealand, United Kingdom and Australia. If it is talk about

tourism then visitors from both India and China has increased within Australia in the past few
years (from 2016).
Research, deduction and problem-solving skills to predict the future direction of tourism and
hospitality
Continuous growth and investment then in tourism industry will directly help Australia to gain
ample number of opportunities while strengthening the diversity trade connections with Asian
countries like both India and China.
4. Virtually here
What is the Virtually here megatrend?
According to CSIRO, the virtual here megatrend can be considered as a crucial element that has
given the information in relation to how public organisations and government has changed the
way of conducting business, shop, communicate, obtain information and perform transactions.
Previous researcher
As mentioned by The economist, rise within digital market can be considered as the reason
behind the change within business models of most of the business sectors of Australia and of the
whole world. It can be said that approximately 10% of the total retail sales are being done with
the help of online and teleworking facilities within Australia but it is also increasing gradually
every year.
What is the opportunity & Challenges of the trend.
Opportunities: Considering the trend, show the business organisations that belongs to hospitality
and tourism industry has started electronic fund transfer which resulted into who much more
faster transaction of monetary and has helped customers to get appropriate satisfaction level and
quality experience (Allahar, 2014).
Challenges: Cyber-Security related threats and virtual crime are also increasing every year
within Australia and in all over the world. This resulted into rise in expenses in relation to
increasing the security of public of Australia where 1 billion AUS per year is considered to be
the cost.

Recommendation how to overcome on these challenges
Utilisation of freelancing models, adoption of effective security system in relation to cyber crime
are said to be the two recommendations that can be given in order to overcome the challenge
which has been presented above. Online platform is something which is cannot be stopped for
any purpose because it is fast and cheap as well while performing different range of activities.
Therefore, developing an effective security system can help government to reduce the chances of
facing any sort of cybercrime in near future.
Political /social cultural / Economic Factors that influence the emerging mega trend
Consumer trend, collaborative consumption done by organisations like Amazon in order to save
the cost of different products and services offered by them can be considered as a crucial factor
that is linking to social, cultural and economic elements. Including this, rise of internet based
micro transactions has also impacted positively on economic conditions of the whole world.
Relationships between tourism and the content areas under study
Tourism has the direct relationship with online platforms like if it is talk about AirBnB then this
company has effectively enabled around 5 million bookings with the help of internet within 6
months in the year of 2012 which has benefited customers, hospitality organisations and tourism
in different ways (Hajkowicz, 2016).
Research, deduction and problem-solving skills to predict the future direction of tourism and
hospitality
Cyber crime can easily be resolved through to developing a much more security based approach
with the help of encryption and decryption methodology. This will automatically reduce the
chances for the hackers to hack accounts of different internet users.
5. Great Expectation
What is the Great Expectation megatrend?
It is considered to be a megatrend because of the higher expectations that society, consumers and
cultural based communities carries. On the other hand, this megatrend will also be focusing on
the expectations that most of the public carries in relation to personalize services but somewhere
somehow they also fulfil their unique and differentiated services as well.

Previous researcher
As mentioned by Claridge, (2016), there are certain needs and requirements carried by human
while working in a business organisation and in personal life as well if all the needs gets fulfilled
from time to time then he or she specifically stays positive in nature for his or her whole life.
Maslow's hierarchy theory of motivation is said to be a good example not to understand the
different needs of human in both personal and professional life.
What is the opportunity & Challenges of the trend.
Opportunities: Specifically, this trend has helped Australians to invest much more among
different elements like entertainment and culture which has impacted positively on their overall
work based life. It has helped them in gaining motivation towards performing good at work and
living a good life at personal level.
Challenges: Less income growth within Australia has been a crucial challenge while adopting
this mega Trend into the regular life of Australians. Therefore, this can be considered as a crucial
problem which has impacted negatively on megatrend.
Recommendation how to overcome on these challenges
Fulfilling every single need of the employees that are working within Australian companies and
delivering those satisfied incentives and increments will effectively motivate them towards
different range of goals and objectives that has been set by organisations to achieve. Another
social recommendation can be given on the basis of the information provided by OECD there are
approximately 940 million individuals went on holidays worldwide in the year of 2010 and these
numbers are also increasing every year, which can be considered as a crucial aspect for tourism
industry to overcome the different challenges faced by them (Hajkowicz, 2016).
Political /social cultural / Economic Factors that influence the emerging mega trend
Current trends in relation to human behaviour can be considered as one of the crucial factor
linking to social cultural aspects that has influenced emerging megatrend. On the other hand,
steady rise within economic conditions of Australia considering improvement among
employment rate has also influenced the megatrend developed by CSIRO.

Relationships between tourism and the content areas under study
Even in the uncertain economic times people still have an expectation for holidays the OECD
has found that there has been a 7% increase among the previous couple of years and also tourism
industry has given employment to 5% of the population of Australia.
Research, deduction and problem-solving skills to predict the future direction of tourism and
hospitality
Considering Maslow's hierarchy theory of motivation among different aspects of a person’s life,
will automatically give or deliver positive results in much effective and in efficient manner.
6. Forever Young
What is the Forever Young megatrend?
Forever Young is the anti aging megatrend that brings new life for the ageing population. It leads
to provide wealth of skills and its resources are not fully utilised by government, communities
and families. Along with this it’s make a trend is its hidden treasure.
Previous researcher
According to Hajkowicz, (2016), the aging population seen a boon within the economy of
Australia as the older people develop their wealth of knowledge and wisdom by maintaining
suitable level of connection to the workforce. This think positively impact the economy of
Australia and processing of company towards the development of its product considering the
Healthcare system of people.
What is the opportunity & Challenges of the trend
Opportunities: In terms of just the demographic profile of Australian people changes and it is
predicted that it gets rise between 23 and 25%. Along with this the whole world is getting older
and it became the suitable opportunity for the Forever Young to promote its product and has the
probable chance to increase their sales and profitability.
Challenges: The lifestyle related illness become the biggest challenge for the companies,
government and other agencies because it include cardiovascular diseases that does not has any
cure including cancer, diabetes, HIV and so on. Therefore Forever Young need to consider the
lifestyle segment of the people as well in order to develop their approach.

Recommendation how to overcome on these challenges
The significant recommendation that is provided to Forever Young if they need to consider the
lifestyle of people especially for those who are suffering from cardiovascular diseases and has
skin cancer as these people get more affected with the use of chemicals for skin. In terms of this
forever young need to developed customized product by considering medical history of people
who is suffering from any diseases. Despite from this company can spend the time in conducting
research considering the targeted market area and maintain their effectiveness within the market.
Political /social cultural / Economic Factors that influence the emerging mega trend
Considering the socio cultural factor of the Australia but positive impact all the successful
running of forever young as the world is getting older and many of the people are concerned
regarding their skin and many of them want soft skin without any spot and aging marks. For this
people use many chemicals and Organic products on their skin as it is useful in improving their
skin and protecting them from harmful rays and pollution. Along with this the fitness trend
which is considered by Forever Young also put positive impact on the success learning and
growth of company regarding the people of diabetes and considering the obesity Trend that can
be encountered by fitness trend (Hajkowicz, Cook and Boughen, 2013).
Relationships between tourism and the content areas under study
Considering the harmful rays and pollution foot major impact on the tourism and other aspects
that can positively impact the sales and revenues of company as at the leisure time many people
used cosmetic product in order to protect themselves from harmful rays.
Research, deduction and problem-solving skills to predict the future direction of tourism and
hospitality
In terms of this forever young need to consider the lifestyle of people and their medical history in
order to develop product that best suited on their skin and does not harm for them. In terms of
this organization also need to take some major steps towards the environmental development that
positively impact on the brand reputation and image of the company.
Conclusion
With the help of above mentioned report, it can easily be said that all the mega trends that has
been developed by CSIRO will impact positively in your future if followed by public in much
effective and in efficient manner. Also it is summarised that, it is pretty much needed for the

organisation, public and government to reduce the usage of non renewable resources and also
consider them in an optimised manner so that future can be saved for the next generation.

References
Books and journals
Hajkowicz, S. A., Cook, H., & Littleboy, A. (2012). Our Future World: Global megatrends that
will change the way we live. The 2012 Revision. Canberra: CSIRO.
Hajkowicz, S. (2015). Global megatrends: Seven patterns of change shaping our future. CSIRO
PUBLISHING.
Hajkowicz, S. A., Cook, H., & Boughen, N. (2013). The Future of Tourism in Queensland.
Global megatrends creating opportunities and challenges over the coming twenty
years. Draft for Comment. CSIRO, Australia.
Hajkowicz, S., Cook, H., & Littleboy, A. (2012). Our future world: Global megatrends that will
change the way we live. CSIRO.
Olsmats, C., & Kaivo-Oja, J. (2014). European packaging industry foresight study—identifying
global drivers and driven packaging industry implications of the global
megatrends. European Journal of Futures Research, 2(1), 39.
Hajkowicz, S. A., Reeson, A., Rudd, L., Bratanova, A., Hodgers, L., Mason, C., & Boughen, N.
(2016). Tomorrow’s digitally enabled workforce: Megatrends and scenarios for jobs
and employment in Australia over the coming twenty years. Australian Policy Online.
Day, G. E. (2015). Is our health workforce prepared for future health megatrends?. Australian
Health Review, 39(5), 487-488.
Butler, J. R. A., Slamet, A., Meharg, S., McEachern, S., Neilson, J., & Hajkowicz, S. (2015).
Australia-Indonesia Centre Megatrends: Agriculture and Food. Report prepared for the
Australia-Indonesia Centre, Monash University.
Allahar, H. (2014). Major global megatrends: implications for advanced and emerging
countries. J Manag, 2(8), 1-18.
Hajkowicz, S. (2016). Keynote Address: Global Megatrends by Stefan Hajkowicz.
Claridge, D. (2016). Global megatrends: Seven patterns of change shaping our future [Book
Review]. Geographical Education (Online), 29, 48.
Online
Our future world. (2012). [Online]. Available through: <
https://publications.csiro.au/rpr/download?pid=csiro:EP126135&dsid=DS2>.