Dissertation: Recent Developments in CSR Activities by UK Banks

This dissertation investigates the recent developments in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) activities undertaken by the banking industry within the United Kingdom. It explores the background of CSR, its impact on banks, and the perceptions surrounding it. The research encompasses a literature review, outlining the meaning and concept of CSR, its impacts, perceptions, and barriers faced by banks. The methodology chapter details the research philosophy, approach, design, and strategy, including data collection methods through surveys and interviews. The results chapter presents findings from the survey and interview data, including demographic factors, and the impact of CSR on banks, as well as the barriers to CSR implementation. The discussion chapter analyzes the impact of CSR on banks, public perceptions of CSR, and recent developments within the UK banking sector. The dissertation concludes with a summary of findings, recommendations for future research, and practical implications, providing a comprehensive understanding of CSR within the UK banking landscape. The research also highlights the limitations of the study, such as time and access constraints. The study employs both quantitative and qualitative data collection methods, including questionnaires and interviews, to gather comprehensive insights into the subject matter.

Running head: DISSERTATION 0
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CSR ACTIVITIES BY THE BANKING INDUSTRY
PARTICIPNATS IN THE UNITED KINGDOM
STUDENT DETAILS:

DISSERTATION 1
Abstract
Many countries faced joblessness and economic fall back because of drop in real economy.
After the disaster, United Kingdom was concerned to restore the faith in banks or other
financial institutions and how they can give contribution in financial progress and social
development. This research proposes a theoretical background link of corporate social
responsibility activities through banks or financial institutions. In recent, many developments
have been taken in corporate social responsibility activities by the banks in United Kingdom.
This research report studied the corporate social responsibility, an attitude placing moral
standards in the limelight. The corporate social responsibility differentiates several layers of
the responsibilities.
This research comprises various chapters to make the research in systematic manner. The
initial chapter provides background of research, aims of research and objectives. In the next
chapter, it describes the recent development in corporate social responsibility activities by
banks in United Kingdom. It also describes influence of corporate social responsibility on
banks. In the third chapter, different attitudes, methodologies, and approaches are discussed
to complete the research aims and purpose of research systematically. In the fourth chapter,
data is examined by a researcher with the help of interview and survey by a questionnaire. In
the fourth chapter, discoveries are discussed to develop a proper understanding of the result
of research. Lastly, full discoveries are summarized and suggested to conduct further
research.

DISSERTATION 2
Contents
1 First chapter: Introduction..................................................................................................3
1.1 Research Questions.....................................................................................................3
1.2 Research objectives.....................................................................................................3
1.3 Research rationale.......................................................................................................4
1.4 Dissertation structure...................................................................................................4
Introduction:.......................................................................................................................4
Literature Review:..............................................................................................................4
Research Methodology:.....................................................................................................5
Data Analysis and Findings:..............................................................................................5
Conclusion and Recommendation:....................................................................................5
2 Literature Review...............................................................................................................5
2.1 Introduction.................................................................................................................5
2.2 Meaning and concept of corporate social responsibility.............................................6
2.3 Impacts of corporate social responsibility on the bank-..............................................7
2.4 The perceptions towards the corporate social responsibility-.....................................8
2.5 The barriers for the banks to undertake corporate social responsibility-....................9
3 Research Methodology.....................................................................................................11
3.1 Introduction...............................................................................................................11
3.2 Research Philosophy.................................................................................................12
3.3 Research Approach....................................................................................................12
3.4 Research Design........................................................................................................12
3.5 Research Strategy......................................................................................................13
3.6 Data Collection Method............................................................................................13
3.6.1 Sampling Method...............................................................................................13
3.6.2 Data Analysis Method........................................................................................14
3.6.3 Ethical Consideration.........................................................................................14
3.6.4 Conclusion..........................................................................................................14
4 Chapter 4: Result..............................................................................................................15
4.1 Survey Questionnaire recent developments in CSR activities through banking sector
in United Kingdom...............................................................................................................15
4.1.1 Demographic Factor...........................................................................................15
Table 3: Impact of corporate social responsibility activities on banks....................................16
Chart 3: Impact of corporate social responsibility activities on banks....................................17
4.2 Table 5: The barriers for the banks to undertake corporate social responsibility-....18

DISSERTATION 3
4.3 Chart 5: The barriers for the banks to undertake corporate social responsibility-....19
4.4 Interview Questionnaire related to basic human rights of refugee children..............20
5 Chapter 5: Discussion......................................................................................................23
5.1 Impacts of corporate social responsibility on banks-................................................23
5.2 The perception about the corporate social responsibility..........................................23
5.3 Recent developments in corporate social responsibility activities through the
banking sector in United Kingdom......................................................................................24
6 Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendation..................................................................25
6.1 Conclusion.................................................................................................................25
6.1.1 Impacts of the corporate social responsibility on the banks in United Kingdom. 25
6.1.2 The perceptions about corporate social responsibility....................................................25
6.1.3 The barriers for the banks to undertake the corporate social responsibility...............25
6.2 Recommendation.......................................................................................................26
References................................................................................................................................27
Appendix..................................................................................................................................28
Survey through Questionnaire..................................................................................................28
Demographical based question............................................................................................28
Impacts of corporate social responsibility on the banks that affects the future growth and
progress of the banks or the banking sector in the United Kingdom.......................................28
The perceptions about the corporate social responsibility-..................................................29
Different types of barriers for the bank to undertaking the corporate social responsibility 29
Interview Questionnaire...........................................................................................................30

DISSERTATION 4
First chapter: Introduction
In present time, the model of corporate social responsibility is spreading very quickly
everywhere and in all sectors involving banking sector. The corporate social responsibility
differs from business to business. The corporate social responsibility may make many
benefits for banking sector. The essential thing is that how to increase reputation of bank and
enhance the commercial progress. The reason is that image of banks is necessary to keep their
old clients and attract more clients. It improves the economic status of bank. In this way, the
banks can achieve the advantages with the help of good risk management, integrity of staff
and good reputation by paying the attention to the social responsibilities. All banks know that
profits are depend upon their customers. They are supposed to become the social bank which
complete the social responsibilities.
In this way, corporate social responsibility in the banks has made high demand. The banks
may sanction the educational program, social program, ethnic program and the environmental
program. They may also take the step for health incentives. The banks apply the sponsorship
steps for the helpless groups or charitable non-profit corporations. This research report states
the problem of CSR barrier, bank’s corporate social responsibility models and various
positive elements of banks.
Research Questions
For achieving research objects, following research objectives will attained:
 What is meaning and concept of CSR?
 What are impacts of corporate social responsibility on the banks?
 What are perceptions towards the CSR?
 What are the barriers for the banks to undertake CSR?
 What are recent developments in CSR in United Kingdom?
Research objectives
It is very essential to evaluate real objects of the study because research objects help to
complete the research study in proper manner (Aydogdu and Asikgil, 2011). The main object
of this research is to evaluate the recent developments in corporate social responsibility in
United Kingdom. Some objects of research are discussed as follows-
 To understand the concept of CSR.
 To determine impacts of corporate social responsibility on banks.
 To examine perceptions towards the corporate social responsibility.

DISSERTATION 5
 For better understanding of barriers for banks to undertake corporate social
responsibility.
 To evaluate the current developments in corporate social responsibility activities
by banks in United Kingdom (Wilson, 2014).
Research rationale
The research is advantageous for the researchers to have good understanding about meaning
and concept of corporate social responsibility. It may good for all banks to understand the
corporate social responsibility and its impacts (Aulia, Djakman and Lusia, 2018). The
research studyis also important for the banking sector to know the recent developments in the
corporate social responsibility in United Kingdom. It may be also effective for banking
sectors to understand the different barriers for the banks to undertake corporate social
responsibility (Babbie, 2016).
Limitations of research
At the time of conducting research, the researcher can face many difficulties, problems, or
issues related to the research to complete the research study. These challenges, issues, or
problems can adversely affect the investigation study. These challenges, issues, or the
problems may affect the outcomes of the research. As per this, time, money and facts access
are some significant limitations that can bound the research study of researcher to produce
valid and consistent conclusions. According to this research process, less time to make
research can adversely affect the research study in terms of gathering a sufficient amount of
information from the various resources related to the problem of research. At the similar time,
money restraint can influence the researcher to conduct a proper research in the field. The
researcher cannot be able to access the inclusive range of data resources from various
geographical places to gather research specific figures and information. It can also limit the
consistency and genuineness of the research among the major shareholders (Lee and Riffe,
2017).
Dissertation structure
The structure of dissertation is utilised to complete the research study in a procedural and
practical manner (Cohen, Manion and Morrison, 2013). The dissertation structure is as
follows-

DISSERTATION 6
Introduction:
It is a first chapter of this research study, which includes the topic of research, background
data, research goal and purposes, problems related to research, and importance of research to
make a healthy base and information base related to the problems and challenges in research.
In addition of this, this introductory chapter also specifies the understanding in detail about
the limitations of research that the researcher faces in completing the research study.
Generally, the data of this chapter is proper for the researcher to decide the way of study and
discover the problem of the research meaningfully (De Klerk, de Villiers and Van Staden,
2015).
Literature Review:
The next chapter of the research study is the literature review. This chapter of literature
review defines the difficulties of research by an implementation of various concepts, models,
and philosophies. With the help of this literature review, a researcher may be able to
comprise the evaluation of existing material about the difficulties of research and measure the
level of difficulties. It has been exposed until date. A wide range of journals and articles are
studied for the literature review as it assistances to make theoretical knowledge in respect of
subject of research. It is also helpful for a researcher to consider the knowledge gap and
improve the base for applying the primary research methods (Mirvis, 2012).
Research Methodology:
In research methodology chapter, the various methods and attitudes are discussed to conduct
the research study in a moral manner and procedural way. In addition of this, many
methodologies, policies, values, data collection method, methodology of data analysis,
methods related to sampling and research design is defined and acceptable to ensure the
trustworthiness and rationality of outcomes and consequences of research. Along with these
advantages, the research techniques are reasonable as per the research purpose and research
topic as it is important to reach the effective outcomes and conclusions (Grey, 2013).
Data Analysis and Findings:
In the chapter of data analysis and findings, the researcher examines the data in respect of
research concern. This research study enables the substantial way for a researcher in order to
separating the combined information and estimates them against each object. In this case, it
helps the researcher to establish and evaluate the data rationally by using suitable data
analysis technique. By using this, the researcher is enabled to establish the information in a
procedural way to create a valid result (Qiu, Shaukat and Tharyan, 2016).

DISSERTATION 7
Conclusion and Recommendation:
The last chapter of research is conclusion and recommendation. In this last chapter of
research, the researcher is allowed to review the complete research study as per the
discoveries of research. It also makes the connection among research objects and discoveries
to achieve at the effective and consistent result. It also simplifies the recommendation
connected with the recent development in the corporate social responsibility in United
Kingdom. In the last, this chapter is beneficial to describe the practical implication for
directing the future researcher for conducting the research.
Literature Review
Introduction
The introduction chapter is most important chapter of this research study. With the help of
this, the researcher may establish theoretical knowledge regarding issue of research in more
important ways. The introduction also helps the researcher to make study of various
secondary resources. These secondary resources include books and journals related to the
recent development in corporate social responsibility activity in banking sector. With the help
of introductory chapter, the researcher may recognise the elements, which influence the CSR
activities in banking sector. Further, the introduction chapter also makes able the researcher
to assess the impacts of the development in CSR activities in banking sector (Karim, et al
2015).
Meaning and concept of corporate social responsibility
Since 1950s, many experts, government system, foreign institutions and various firms have
stated the problem of corporate social responsibility. The term of corporate social
responsibility is difficult and not certain term. The word corporate social responsibility is not
appeared initially in book namely Social Responsibilities of the businessmen. According to
Bowen (1953), the corporate social responsibility is the duty or obligation of the businessman
to follow those policies, to create those policies or to monitor those lines of actions which are
needed in respect of objects and value of communities or groups or the societies (Visser and
Tolhurst, 2017).
On the other hand, According to Friedman (1970), the nature of CSR activity is subject to
conflict. According to the CSR concept, involving in the corporate social responsibility was a
difficulty or clashes between interest of manager and interest of shareholders. As per the
theory of stakeholders, it was stated by Michael Hopkins (2003) that the corporate social

DISSERTATION 8
responsibility was concerned with handling the internal stakeholders and external
stakeholders of an organization or firm in the communally responsible manner. Further, the
major objective of corporate social responsibility is to set high living standards for the
stakeholders whereas maintaining the productivity and success of an organization. By
accepting the corporate social responsibility-4 part definition of Carroll (1979), Frank
Tuzzolino and Barry Armandi (1981) form a corporate social responsibility’s requirement
hierarchy framework patterned after Maslow’s (1954) require hierarchy. The authors stated
how a business have physical requirements, security, honor and self-actualization wants
(Ruiz, Garcia and Revilla, 2016).
Furthermore, it was concluded by 4 dimensional model of Carroll, Alexander Dahlsrud
(2006), there are five dimensions of CSR, the stakeholder dimension, the social dimension,
the economic dimensions, the environment dimension, and the voluntariness dimension. The
environmental dimension got an importantly lower dimension in comparison of others
dimensions. The social dimension, economic dimension and stakeholder dimension got big
attention in descending order. Some essential subjects may state the corporate social
responsibility and the problems such as fair operating practices, an environment, and
problems related to customers or clients, participation of various communities and
establishment, organisational governance and the human rights. The more important thing is
to identify that how corporate social responsibility is socially made in the particular context.
The final object of corporate social responsibility is to make a dynamic, reasonable economy
on the basis of knowledge. It is required by the firm to bear in mind that all the people
involving workers, dealers, consumers, stakeholders and community (McCambridge,
Hawkins and Holden, 2014).
Impacts of corporate social responsibility on the bank-
The attitude of bank for the present problems of society regarding the culture and
environment become more identified by the clients of bank. As per the consequences, the
banks are newly inspired by objectives other than income, proceeds, and share of market
because an alternative motivation may be better for both society and the bank itself. An
organisation involving in corporate social responsibility will ultimately achieve reasonable
benefit in the place of market by reduction or abolition of fines or penalties imposed by
government. At the similar time, it can diminish its complete coverage of company to risk.
Moreover, corporate social responsibility definitely influences current value of the cash flow
of company (Radzi, et al 2018).

DISSERTATION 9
The corporate social responsibility initiatives are also probable to develop confidence of
workers, which points to higher efficiency, developed performance and less labour
difficulties. Besides those advantages, the corporate social responsibility also has a positive
impact on the banking sector that may be analysed in two important associations of corporate
social responsibility and financial performance and image of bank. In the present time, There
has been important and interest in relationship between the corporate social responsibility
initiatives and corporate financial performance. According to Margolis and Walsh, 2003, the
relationship can be divided into three groups such as positive relationship, negative
relationship and the neutral relationship. However, after an evaluation of all appropriate and
significant studies, it is clear that the most research consequences demonstrate a progressive
influence on the financial growth (Tong, 2017).
The positive relationship states that corporate social responsibility advances the value of firm.
It is found that the quality of corporate social responsibility in the banks might go a long way
for decreasing the risk connected with financial organisations, which may increase financial
performance. Consequently, a diversity of the corporate social responsibility activity is not
only involved by the bank but also the financial organisations. On the other hand, the
complete corporate social responsibility measure has a bad influence on the returns of stock,
so does corporate financial performance. By estimating each indicator of social performance,
Brammer et al. (2006) proves that the measure of employee performance has expressively
bad influence on returns of stocks. By judgement, while community measure has positive but
not little influence environment is the measure that has bad and no important impact on the
returns of stock (Golob, Verk and Podnar, 2015).
For the comparison of neutral relationship between corporate social responsibility and
corporate financial performance, it is found that there is no important connection between
price of stock and the corporate social responsibility parameters. Another reason is the issue
of measuring the CSP and pure marketing strategy. The neutral relationship suggests that
there are many factors, which prevent the experts from the secure outcomes. The more
important thing for the bank is to increase bank image because it is required by the banks to
get the aim of maximizing profit (Kang, et al 2015).
The perceptions towards the corporate social responsibility-
Internationally, the awareness of the bank manager, stakeholder, authorities, lecturers, and
clients about corporate social responsibility, Sustainable Growth and Non- Financial

DISSERTATION 10
Reporting is improving. Therefore, the contribution of financial organisations containing
banks to corporate social responsibility recently become important considering the critical
role playing in funding the economic and growing actions of the world (Swami and Bankar,
2016).
The behaviour of managers in respect of corporate social responsibility are central to the
corporate social responsibility strategy procedure of the banks. L. Zu (2009) states that a
large proportion of the Chinese managers have good knowledge of concept of corporate
social responsibility and is in the favour of corporate social responsibility. In the context of
latest economic development, the managers assigned more obligations to these three
stakeholders such as government, consumers, and workers. The reason is that the
stakeholders namely government, consumers and workers have huge influence on the image
and reputation of firm. According to Maignan and Ferrell (2003), ninety three percent of
chief executive officers in the North America and Eighty two percent of chief executive
officers in Europe viewed accountable activities for the all stakeholders as a major impact on
the social image of the company. The Chinese managers identify that the advantages of being
a good corporate citizenship attracts the best workers, reducing lawsuits and reducing the cost
of capital. The corporate social responsibility is constant with the pursuit of benefits
(Hardeck, Harden and Upton, 2018).
It is believed by corporate social responsibility professionals that the proper management of
corporate social responsibility is most important element for making the value of
shareholders. Along with this, it is realized by the authorities from banking sector that
corporate social responsibility is very significant because of the major developments of
corporate social responsibility in a current economy. It was stated with the help of perception
of business and stakeholder that businesses and shareholders see fifteen elements as
significant, but in various stages. The better environmental growth is very important element
which banking sectors concern. Furthermore, the good health is ranked as first, safety is
ranked as second, and corporate governance is ranked as third. The Humanity is at last
position among all the fifteen elements. The relatively traditional extents of corporate social
responsibility involving the environmental growth, healthcare, security, good corporate
governance, and human resources still control the concerns of the both shareholders and
industry (Stoian and Gilman, 2017).
It is believed by many respondents that the corporate social responsibility is significant
element for making shareholder value. The corporate social responsibility programs are very

DISSERTATION 11
important. The reason is that corporate social responsibility program may bring the great
future. Many people believe that corporate social responsibility program are helpful for the
image of banks and advertisements. According to Persefoni Polychronidoua et al. (2014) that
most of people do not earn profit only for the banks but also for the society. Persefoni
Polychronidoua et al. (2014) states that many people will change the bank if their banks
eliminated the corporate social responsibility program. In this way, the corporate social
responsibility and the image by the corporate social responsibility program are very critical
for the development of banks and their existence. The image of banks make contribution in
the great way to attracting the more clients and keeping satisfaction of the old client. It will
help the banks to retain the clients (Nyuur, Ofori and Debrah, 2016).
The barriers for the banks to undertake corporate social responsibility-
The most important to identify that any company can take decision to not to undertake
corporate social responsibility programs due to many barriers. The economic barriers,
political barriers, barriers related to knowledge and the perceptional barriers. These barriers
stop Chinese SMEs from involving in corporate social responsibility are précised jointly
(Raub and Blunschi, 2014). Various barriers are as follows-
Economic barriers
It is believed that the investment in the social responsibility is the economic burden for the
bank, where banks are required to pay additional money, more time, and energy to organise
corporate social responsibility program. Generally, Small organisations can lack resources
like finance, time, or human resources to devote to corporate social responsibility. It is also
found that the corporate social responsibility may also affect bank loan badly in many ways
(Dias, Rodrigues and Craig, 2017).
Political barriers
In United Kingdom, there is lack of structure of policy and the incentives required to adjust
attitude of the leader of bank. The local government may lack knowledge about the corporate
social responsibility in the banking sector and lack of incentives to impose law in respect of
corporate social responsibility application in the banks. It is easier for them to take promotion
by the short-term economic successes than by long term environmental and the social
promises. It is required to make various roles and the duties of the government or banks or
financial institutions in the application of corporate social responsibility measures.

DISSERTATION 12
The possible barrier prevents the banks in United Kingdom from increasing their social
responsibility is the lack of supervisory requirements for social responsibility and the
environmental responsibility. The companies in United Kingdom practice and reveal more
corporate social responsibility with the help of the websites, annual reports, and separate
justifiable report due to strict laws for the sustainable issues (Jamali, Lund-Thomsen and
Jeppesen, 2017).
Barriers related to knowledge
The prospects and observations of the managers or the leaders of banks are considered
driving forces to direct presentation of bank in corporate social responsibility. The reason is
that if bank managers have clear concept, then they can embrace the corporate social
responsibility. They may apply proper policy for their banks. The concept of corporate social
responsibility and the adequate elements of the corporate social responsibility are very
limited. Many people have misunderstanding about corporate social responsibility that the
corporate social responsibility is the government or it is non-profit organisation’s
incorporation. The reason of these misconceptions is the lack of knowledge or lack of
education among the people of bank. The people are unaware of the critical consequences of
not making the corporate social responsibility and the corporate social responsibility
reporting. The corporate social responsibility program can help to enhance the corporate
social responsibility practices or policies in the banking sectors (Lenssen, Rhee and Martinez,
2017).
Recent developments in corporate social responsibility activities by banking sector in United
Kingdom
In 1980, there was recession period in United Kingdom. The allegations were made on the
government of the United Kingdom. There was at least a fustian of administrative extraction
in the prosperity. Although this rhetoric contradicted the authenticity of affected improved
common expenses, involving providing safety, it was also accompanied by the argument
between business and the governments system and within business about its own
accountability in prosperity and in new institutionalisation (Utama, 2017).
This new concept of corporate social responsibility was obvious in many independent
companies who make re assessment of the relations with society. It established new concept

DISSERTATION 13
of corporate social responsibility (Cottrell and McKenzie, 2011). This was also obvious in
their inclination to join connotations for the accountability of business, most particularly and
most long lasting, trade in the society. The relations delivered data and links for their
members; offered outlines for collective comebacks to downturn particularly joblessness at
the resident and regional levels.
Other major importance of corporate social responsibility in recession was the new systems
in which corporations operated to attain actual and more genuine replies. These comprised
local government and regional administrations, public groups and other non-governmental
organisations. However, these companies re-defined the corporate social responsibility in a
range of new official systems between public and marketplace, where own public and private
resources were joint. The main monetary aids came from governmental associations
(Gooberman, Hauptmeier and Heery, 2018).
The corporate social responsibility in the United Kingdom has become institutionalised
within corporations, among corporations, between corporations and government, and with
other governmental and societal corporate social responsibility initiatives. However, the
growth of corporate social responsibility from time of recession should not be taken for
settled (Hadjimanolis, 2017).
The industry detailed features of corporate social responsibility are significant and
governmental effects and financial regulation deliver an added dimension to the influence of
corporate social responsibility on the financial services industry. As a component of
organisational change, the corporate social responsibility performs as a conservational gap
and forces firms to realign their positions within their operating environment (Foroohar,
2011). A structural change model is established to inspect trends, which are developing
within retail banking as a result of corporate social responsibility. In the United Kingdom,
retail banking sector, the influence of corporate social responsibility is progressively apparent
in the efforts to make a good benefits out of corporate social responsibility strategies, the
rising fame of mutual financial organisations in policy of the government and cooperative
efforts between a ranges of financial institutions (Wang, et al 2016).
Research Methodology
Introduction
The research methodology chapter renders complete knowledge about the approaches,
implements, and systems to make the research study in the proper manner. This chapter is
also effective for conducting research to attain the support in respect of gathering data and

DISSERTATION 14
evidences from the various members and sources to complete study (Cook and Burchell,
2018).
Research Philosophy
In the research, research philosophy produces the understanding and information of the
researcher about research problem. Similarly, proper research philosophy monitors the
researcher to know the manner of data collection and use of research procedure. There are
three types of research philosophy namely interpretivism philosophy, positivism philosophy
and realism philosophy (Hyman and Sierra, 2010). The positivism philosophy is about
accurate knowledge based on the explanations and capacities. With the help of this, the
researcher may discover the fact based on statistical information. The realism philosophy is
depended on the human beliefs and reality, which is existed in the environment. An
interpretivism philosophy helps the researchers to develop knowledge about the problem of
research by taking ideas of members (Marshall and Rossman, 2014).
Here, an interpretivist philosophy is used. This philosophy helps the researcher to give valid
result related to the recent developments in corporate social responsibility by banking sector
in United Kingdom. In this research study, positivism philosophy and realism philosophy is
not used because there is no need to use highly designed approach (Banik, Gupta and
Bhaumik, 2016).
Research Approach
It is necessary to choose research approach to validate the chosen research design. With the
help of this, researchers are also able to represent the data proper manner. Inductive and
deductive are two types of research approaches. It enable the researchers to validate the use
of specific data. Deductive approach is proper with the positivism philosophy. On the other
hand, inductive approach is appropriate with the interpretivist philosophy (Schwartz-Shea
and Yanow, 2013). In this, the deductive approach develops the theories related to the
problem of research. For this, the researchers require to collect various types of data to admit
theories or to not to admit theories. For this research, inductive approach is made over the
deductive approach. The reason is that this approach made able the researcher to attain
particular knowledge on problem (Maani Hessari and Petticrew, 2017).
In this research study, the researcher has used both exploratory research designs and
descriptive research designs. The reason is that by using the exploratory research design, the
researcher may collect data in related to the recent developments in corporate social

DISSERTATION 15
responsibility activities by the banking sector in United Kingdom. On the other hand, the use
of descriptive design supported in having the knowledge of features of the group or
community and individual. These research designs may also help the researcher in combining
the observation and opinions of the members, in respect to meet the objective and response
the problem or issue related to research study. At the similar time, the researcher has not used
the casual research design because there is no such requirement to improve the cause-and-
effect relationship between various variables (Halkos and Skouloudis, 2016).
Research Design
The research designs include; exploratory research design, descriptive research design, and
causal research designs. The exploratory research design shows the preliminary research,
where researchers get the problem of research with the help of established theories. On the
other hand, descriptive research design supports researchers to get detailed information about
the problem. At the same time, causal research develops cause and effect connection between
variables. In this research, both exploratory and descriptive research designs are used because
exploratory research design made able the researcher gather data related to the recent
developments in corporate social responsibility through banking sector in United Kingdom
(Ditlev-Simonsen, 2015).
Research Strategy
The research study is very important to examine the problem of research issue by responding
the research questions in the proper manner. From the effective research strategy, the
researchers gather the background information and examine collected data to make
conclusion (Brunk and de Boer, 2018). The researchers may use various research strategies
such as survey, literature review, questionnaire, observation, interview, and case laws. In this
research, the researcher used survey and interview because it makes easy to collect proper
amount of data related to recent development in corporate social responsibility activities by
banking sector in United Kingdom (Feng, Zhu and Lai, 2017).
With the help of the survey research strategy, the researcher enabled to gather data in fewer
cost and less time that improved the consistency of research among the main shareholders.
On the other hand, the use of the interview strategy helped the expert to meet with the
members individually and get their opinions and observation in respect of the problem of

DISSERTATION 16
research. It also helped the researcher in establishing the rationality of research (Adi and
Grigore, 2015).
Data Collection Method
There are two types of data collection resources such as primary resources and secondary
resources. The primary data is new and collected first time by the researcher. For collecting
primary data, the researchers use survey, interview, questionnaire, group discussion, action
research, and case study to gather the primary resources. On the other hand, secondary data
is gathered by other researchers to fulfil requirements (Hofman, Moon and Wu, 2017).
For this research on recent developments in CSR activities through banking sector, the
researcher used both methods. The primary data collection sources is effective to make direct
interaction with the people in order to know their views related to research issue. On the other
hand, secondary data collection method is effective to generate detailed and theoretical
knowledge in detail (Dorobantu, et al 2018).
Sampling Method
The sampling strategy refers to the choice of suitable members for the conducting the
research study to give answers of the research questionnaire for completing the research
study or research project. There are two types of sampling strategies such as probability
sampling strategy and non-probability sampling strategy. These strategies help researchers to
choose the correct statement from different people. Probability-sampling strategy sampling is
used in the form of random selection of contributors (Tempels, Verweij and Blok, 2017). In
non-probability sampling strategy, all individuals have not same chance of being chosen.
Here, both sampling strategies are used. Probability sampling strategy with random sampling
is used to choose the members for survey questionnaire. For this research study, 50
individuals including male and female are selected for the survey questionnaire. On the other
hand, non-probability sampling strategy with the suitable sampling technique is also used to
choose the people of interview on the basis of their talents, information and the experience.
For this, five person are selected to make face-to-face interaction or discussion or the
interview with them. In this, the members are came near when they were permitted to deliver
their opinions and views related to the problem of research and interview questions (Beck,
Frost and Jones, 2018).

DISSERTATION 17
Data Analysis Method
After gathering the data, it is important to analyse them. It requires data analysis method to
generate valid and consistent results regarding research problem. The researchers use
different data analysis method such as content analysis, statistical analysis, conversational
analysis, and disclosure analysis. The statistical data analysis method is used to gather data.
With the help of this, the researcher enabled to show the graphic figures of the data involving
revert, connection and snappy tabularization and understand the sense after the replies of the
members (Kaplan and Kinderman, 2017).
Here, MS-Excel and SPSS software are used to show the data in graph and tables to improve
knowledge about the answers and conclusions about the recent developments in CSR
activities by banking sector in United Kingdom (Lock and Seele, 2016).
Ethical Consideration
An ethical consideration helps researchers to accept suitable behaviour to complete the
research properly. Many problems arise at the time of conducting research study such as
plagiarism, contravention with copyright act and data splitting in regarding secondary data
collection. These problems are moderated by the researcher by giving credit to researchers in
respect of references. On the other hand, the researcher has used exact languages to
understand the collected data and to ignore the similar report. At the same time, the
researcher has taken prior appointment from the particular members for gathering primary
data in respect of research problem (Toda and Dawson, 2017).
With the help of this, the researcher allowed to gather data. The researcher is also permitted
to collect the evidences and relevant information from the members in full part. It also helped
the researcher to keep the consistency of data and evidences in the proper manner. On the
other hand, the researcher has also well-versed in respect of the strategies, rules, policies,
methods, and procedures related to the confidentiality of members’ individual information
that their personal information will not be revealed at the time of conducting the research and
after conducting the research (Lyon and Montgomery, 2015).
Conclusion
As per the above analysis, it can be said that correct research methodology allowed the
researcher to achieve the research purposes and goal. By conducting study of various research
philosophies, tactics, strategies, projects and data collection methods in respect the effect of

DISSERTATION 18
recent developments in CSR activities in United Kingdom, the researcher may enable to
collect necessary data about the recent developments in CSR activities by banks. On the other
hand, through considering ethical issues, the researcher enabled to perform this research in
decent and significant methods.
Chapter 4: Result
Survey Questionnaire recent developments in CSR activities through banking sector in
United Kingdom
Survey through questionnaire was made on 50 persons. According to this questionnaire,
various questions have been asked by the researcher regarding demographic based
fundamentals and purpose of research for attaining the aims of research.
Demographic Factor
Table 1: Gender
The questionnaire survey is made from many individuals, which has particular gender.
Demographic result for the survey by questionnaire is determined as follows:
Gender
Feminine 25
Masculine 25
Chart 1: Chart signifying gender
2525
Gender
Gender Feminine Masculine
(Source: Survey through questionnaire)

DISSERTATION 19
According to this table and chart, it can be evaluated that 25 people out of 50 people are man
and residual 25 are female. It shows that researcher offers same occasions to both to ignore
partiality from research project.
Table 1: Experience
Experience
From 0 year to 2 years 8
From 3 years to 5 years 11
From 6 years to 8 years 16
9 years and more than 9 years 15
Chart 1: Chart demonstrating experience
Experience From 0 year to 2
years From 3 years to
5 years From 6 years to
8 years 9 years and
more than 9
years
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
8
11
16 15
Experience
(Source: Survey through questionnaire)
As per this table and chart, it is found that there are many people having 6 years to 8 years of
experience. While, only eight people out of 50 having 0 years to 2 years of experience. Here,
researcher will be able to reach the objects of research in a correct way with the help of
appropriate and constant details and data from the respondents regarding the recent
developments in CSR activities by banking sector in United Kingdom.

DISSERTATION 20
Table 1: Impact of corporate social responsibility activities on banks
The table and chart is drawn as follows. It shows the answers of individuals that are linked
with primary objects of the research. Regarding this questionnaire, the researcher has taken
thoughts of respondents in respect of the recent developments in CSR activities by banking
sector in United Kingdom.
Impact of corporate social
responsibility activities on
bank
1 2 3 4 5
Reducing penalties or fine 18 12 8 6 6
Maximize overall profit 14 20 10 2 4
Good impact over current
value of cash flows 18 14 3 7 8
Chart 1: Impact of corporate social responsibility activities on banks
1 2 3 4 5
12
18
6
8
6
Impact of corporate social responsibility activities on
banks
Reducing penalties or fine
Maximize overall profit
Good impact over current value of cash flows
(Source: Survey through questionnaire)
As per above table and chart, it can be demonstrated it is found that 30 out of 50 people who
were agreed with reducing fines or penalties. On the other hand, 34 out of 50 people were

DISSERTATION 21
approved maximizing overall profits. Further, 32 out of 50 people were agreed with the good
impact over current value of cash flows. In this way, it can be concluded that there are many
good effects of CSR activities on the banks.
Table 1: Perceptions about corporate social responsibility
Perception about corporate social responsibility
Environmental growth controls the concern of both industry
and stakeholders 13
Security controls the concern of both industry and stakeholders 10
Health controls the concern of both industry and stakeholders 11
Good corporate governance controls the concern of both
industry and stakeholders 16
Chart 1: Perceptions about corporate social responsibility
1 2 3 4 5
0
5
10
15
20
25
18
14
3
7 8
impact of corporate social responsibility activities on
banks
Impact of corporate social responsibility activities on bank
Reducing penalties or fine
Maximize overall profit
Good impact over current value of cash flows
(Source: Survey through questionnaire)
In accordance with the above drawn table, it can be specified that there are 16 out of 50
people were agreed over good corporate governance, which controls the concern of both
industry and stakeholders On the other hand, only 13 out of 50 people were supported the
environmental growth, which controls the concern of both industry and stakeholders. Further,
only 11 out of 50 people were supported the health controls the concern of both industry and

DISSERTATION 22
stakeholders. Only 10 out of 50 people were supported the security, which controls the
concern of both industry and stakeholders
Table 1: The barriers for the banks to undertake corporate social responsibility-
The barriers for the banks to undertake corporate social responsibility
Economic barrier 16
Political barrier 16
Barrier related to knowledge 18
Chart 1: The barriers for the banks to undertake corporate social responsibility-
economic barrier political barrier barrier related to
knoeledge
16 16
18
Barriers for bank to undertake CSR activities
(Source: Survey through questionnaire)
Table 1: Recent developments in corporate social responsibility by banking sector in United
Kingdom
In this questionnaire, a researcher has asked the people in respect of developments in
corporate social responsibility activities in banking sector in United Kingdom. In this respect,
respondents give different responses. These responses are illustrated as follows:

DISSERTATION 23
Recent developments in corporate social
responsibility activities in banking sector in United
Kingdom
Financial regulations 16
Governmental effects 15
Generating employment 10
Removing poverty 5
Development of retail banking 4
Chart 1: Recent developments in corporate social responsibility by banking sector in United
Kingdom
1 2 3 4 5 6
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18 16 15
10
5 4
0
recent developments
(Source: Survey through questionnaire)
As per the above table and chart, it can be illustrated that there are 16 out of 50 people who
think that financial development is major development. There are 15 out of 50 people, who
think that governmental effect is major development. Only 10 out of 50 people think that
employment is the major development. Only 5 out of 50 people think that abolition of
poverty is the major development. There are only 4 out of 50 people who think that retail
banking is the major development in United Kingdom.

DISSERTATION 24
Interview Questionnaire related to basic human rights of refugee children
Interview questionnaire has been made on 5 individual by a researcher, who is capable to
answer the question. In this questionnaire, a researcher has asked many questions which were
related with demographic features and aims of research to attain the object of research. These
questions are specified as below:
Question 1
The interview was made with a people of a different gender as below:
Gender
Man 2
Female 3
Chart 1: Gender
Masculine;
40%
Feminine; 60%
Gender
Masculine Feminine
(Source: Survey through questionnaire)
According to the above chart, it can be stated that the researcher has selected 60% of female
members. On the other hand, there are only 40% of male members, who were chosen to make
an interview.
Question 2
This question was related with the age of individual. For this, the respondents delivered their
various answers. Their answers are demonstrated as follow:
Chart 1: Age
Age
18-22 years 1

DISSERTATION 25
23-27 years 2
28-32 years 1
32 years or more 1
This chart states that there are many members who are of 23-27 age groups, which is actual
to get the reliable data and information regarding research concern.
Question 3
In this questionnaire, a researcher has asked the participants in respect of their experience.
The participants provided their several answers. These answers are as follows:
Chart 1: Experience in work:
Experience in work
2-4 years 1
4-6 years 1
6-8 years 1
8 years and more than 8 years 2
In accordance with the above-mentioned chart, it can be understood that there are about 60%
of a respondent who has 8 years and above years of experience. It is proper to get the actual
and constant data and information due to having a good understanding of the people taking
participation into the interview.
Question 4
According to questionnaire, a researcher has asked that respondents in respect of the size of
the people to gather the appropriate data and information. In this respect, respondents
provided their various answers. These answers are specified as below:
Chart 1: Size of population
Size of population
50 people -100 people 0
100 people -150 people 0
150 people -200 people 1
200 people-500 people 2
More than 500 people 2

DISSERTATION 26
The above table stated that 2 out of 5 people in the specific area work with 200-500 and more
than 500 people, which state that they have great experience to solve the problem of
corporate social responsibility activities.
Question 5
A researcher has asked the interviewers to share their opinions in respect of development in
CSR activities by banking sector. In this way; all interviewers provided their agreement with
this declaration.
Question 6
In this questionnaire, a researcher has asked with the interviewers the impact of corporate
social responsibility. Here, 5 out of 5 respondents provided their agreement with the
statement that the corporate social responsibility activities have great impact on banking
sector.
Question 8
In this question, a researcher has asked the interviewers that what are perception of the
corporate social responsibility. In this respect, all the respondents supported the perception of
the corporate social responsibility
Question 9
It is the last question of an interview. In this, the interviewers gave their numerous answers
about the recent developments in corporate social responsibility by banking sector in United
Kingdom. These answers were ranking the various developments.
Chapter 5: Discussion
Impacts of corporate social responsibility on banks-
From the examination of survey conducted by the questionnaire, it can be assessed that there
are many impacts of corporate social responsibility on the banks. These results are also
reinforced by examination of interview as it presented that corporate social responsibility
affects the banks. Both interview and survey through questionnaire are supported by the
opinion of Gatewood, Field and Barrick (2015) as it was assessed that these influences
include many significant factors. These are maximization of profit, reducing penalty or fine,
reducing the risk of company, increasing the value of firm and impacts over current value of
cash flow of the company. This examination highlights the certain factors such as population
of size, age, race, gender, geography of the country. Further, the main motto of the

DISSERTATION 27
developments in corporate social responsibility by bank is to develop the concept of
corporate social responsibility in United Kingdom (Papasolomou, 2017).
The perception about the corporate social responsibility
From the calculation of survey with the help of a questionnaire, it is projected that the experts
suggested perceptions about corporate social responsibility. It is also examined that there are
several perceptions about corporate social responsibilities, which needs to evaluate during the
time period. These specific perceptions include environmental growth, security, healthcare
and good corporate governance (Midttun, et al2015). These findings are reinforced by the
examination of interview as it was evaluated that adopting these perceptions are not so easy.
Both interview and survey by the questionnaire were supported by the opinion of as it was
discussed that suitable steps are needed to be taken for resolving the problem in adopting the
perceptions about the corporate social responsibility. These perceptions include that
environmental growth may control the concern of both stakeholders and industry and security
may control the concern of both stakeholders and industry. It also involve that health may
control the concern of both stakeholders and industry and good corporate governance may
control the concern of both stakeholders and industry (Hughen, Lulseged and Upton, 2014).
Recent developments in corporate social responsibility activities through the banking sector
in United Kingdom
From the assessment of survey through a questionnaire, it is examined that several
developments have been taken place in corporate social responsibility activities by banking
sector in the United Kingdom. These developments involve the generation of the employment
opportunities, development of retail banking in the United Kingdom, the governmental
effects, and the financial regulations. After the period of recession in the United Kingdom,
there are many opportunities came to the citizens of the United Kingdom. The people got
employment and started their own earning (Taschner and Clayton, 2015). The reason was that
the banks or the banking sectors of the United Kingdom had adopted the corporate social
responsibility activities. After the adoption of corporate social responsibility activities by the
banking sector, many financial regulations took place in the United Kingdom. They were
very helpful in achieving the growth and development. The retail banking had been started in
the United Kingdom. Many governmental effects took place in United Kingdom after the
adoption of corporate social responsibility activities. The corporate social responsibility

DISSERTATION 28
activities took many business opportunities for the citizens of the United Kingdom (Rey-
Garcia, Sanzo-Perez and Álvarez-González, 2018).

DISSERTATION 29
Chapter 6: Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
Impacts of the corporate social responsibility on the banks in United Kingdom
From the above clarification, it can be decided that there are many impacts of the corporate
social responsibility on the bank. The corporate social responsibility may affect the growth or
development of the banks in United Kingdom. The higher level of institutional corporate
social responsibility is connected with the lower levels of interest rate. These impacts stated
the interest rate and loan. The research study states that the corporate social responsibility is
esteemed by the stakeholders for the risks mitigating. The corporate social responsibility
activities help the banks to reduce the cost (Brammer and Pavelin, 2016).
The perceptions about corporate social responsibility
As per the above interpretation, it could be concluded that the efforts to apply and develop
the corporate ethics and social responsibility are linked with increased job behaviour (Maon,
Swaen and Lindgreen, 2017). However, the nature and scope of this relation is subject to the
examination. As per this research study, it is found that corporate social responsibility has
great impact on the clients of the banks. By adopting the corporate social responsibility, the
banks may solve the problems of their clients. Corporate social responsibility helps in
maximizing the profit and reducing the company risk. It also creates the value of shareholders
(Selmier, Newenham-Kahindi and Oh, 2015).
The barriers for the banks to undertake the corporate social responsibility
As per the above discussion, it is concluded that there are many barriers in undertaking the
corporate social responsibility in bank. These barriers cover economic obstacles, political
obstacles, and barriers related to knowledge. It is not easy for the banks to organise the
corporate social responsibility program because it will take time and money. On the other
hand, it is very difficult for small banks to apply and improve the corporate social
responsibility (Del, et al 2017). They have no resources or the less resources to apply and
develop the corporate social responsibility. Further, barrier of knowledge is also a big factor

DISSERTATION 30
to be considered. Most of people think that the corporate social responsibility is the
government (Galea, 2017).
They have no knowledge about the corporate social responsibility and impact of corporate
social responsibility. It is a biggest barrier in the undertaking of corporate social
responsibility in banking sector. It is also found by the above discussion that the barriers
create the problem in the application and development of the corporate social responsibility
badly (Santos, Rodrigues and Branco, 2016).
1.1 Recommendation
From the above discoveries, it can be recommended that the corporate social responsibility
should be the accountability of the banks. The banks are required to adopt the corporate
social responsibility because the corporate social responsibility is the strategic method for
achieving the economic objects.
It can be suggested that the banks should be highly focused on the charity. The banks are
required to give the donations to others. The banks are required to make the arrangements for
the vocational training. The banks should necessary steps to provide the knowledge. They
should focus on the credit counselling for the rural development by the corporate social
responsibility activities.
It can be recommended that there should be arrangements to encourage the better living
conditions of the customers of the banks. The banks are required to make focus on the
customer welfare corporate social responsibility activities. The 31% individuals agreed with
these statements. It is strongly believed by the people that the bank should help the poor
people. The bank must give the financial help to the customers of the banks. It is also
required by the bank to abolish the poverty by taking the necessary steps. The banks are also
required to start the healthcare facilities for the customers of the banks.
As per the consequence of data analysis, it is showed that Clients has a positive attitude for
the corporate social responsibility. Many customers have given believe that the corporate
social responsibility is a social responsibility instrument. It plays an important role in solving
the problem or the issues of society. The clients also believe that Bank must focus on the
some specific areas such as healthcare, female empowerment, rural expansion, poverty
abolition, and the welfare of the clients. Many customers are neutral and not agreed on the
social responsibility of the banks for the welfare of the clients. The clients of the banks are
very strongly agreed that banks should be more focused on the poverty eradication. The main
reason is that when deficiency, scarcity or poverty will be decrease than country will also

DISSERTATION 31
advanced rapidly. It is also shown that corporate social responsibility done by the banks
improve a positive influence on the perception of client of the bank. It is suggested that
corporate social responsibility should be meeting the general population. It should be based
on the principles of disbursing back to the society.

DISSERTATION 32
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DISSERTATION 38
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DISSERTATION 39
Appendix
Survey through Questionnaire
1 Demographical based question
Please spell out your Gender?
 Male [ ]
 Female [ ]
How many years of Experience do you have?
 0 to 2 years [ ]
 3 to 5 years [ ]
 6 to 8 years [ ]
 9 years and above [ ]
Impacts of corporate social responsibility on the banks that affects the future growth and
progress of the banks or the banking sector in the United Kingdom.
Please give your belief on the impacts of the corporate social responsibility on the banks that
affects the future growth and progress of the banks or the banking sector in the United
Kingdom.
(1-Strongly Agree
2-Agree
3-Neutral
4-Disagree
5-Strongly Disagree)
Impacts of the corporate social
responsibility activities on the bank
1 2 3 4 5
Maximizing the overall profit
Reducing the risks of the company
Good impact on the current value of the
cash flow of the company.

DISSERTATION 40
1 The perceptions about the corporate social responsibility-
Do you agree that the perception about corporate social responsibility helps the bank in
solving the problem of the customers?
 Strongly Agree [ ]
 Agree [ ]
 Neutral [ ]
 Disagree [ ]
 Strongly Disagree [ ]
What are the perceptions about corporate social responsibility to ensure the future growth and
the development of banks?
 The security controls the concern of both industry and stakeholder [ ]
 Environmental growth controls the concern of both industry and stakeholder [ ]
 The health controls the concern of both industry and stakeholder [ ]
 The good corporate governance controls the concern of both industry and stakeholder
[ ]
2 Different types of barriers for the bank to undertaking the corporate social
responsibility
In your opinion, the barriers for the bank to undertaking the corporate social responsibility
are biggest challenge?
 Strongly Agree [ ]
 Agree [ ]
 Neutral [ ]
 Disagree [ ]
 Strongly Disagree [ ]
Are these barriers are strongly required to be removed?
 Yes [ ]
 No [ ]
In your opinion, the various developments in the corporate social responsibility activities
have taken place in?
 Strongly Agree [ ]
 Agree [ ]
 Neutral [ ]
 Disagree [ ]
 Strongly Disagree [ ]

DISSERTATION 41
Please provide your beliefs on different developments in the corporate social responsibility
activities by banking sector in United Kingdom.
(1-Strongly Agree,
2-Agree,
3-Neutral,
4-Disagree,
5-Strongly Disagree)
Interview Questionnaire
1. What do you think about the meaning and concept of the corporate social responsibility?
2. How the corporate social responsibility influence the banks or banking sector in United
Kingdom?
3. What are the perceptions about the corporate social responsibility?
4. What are the barriers for the banks in United Kingdom in undertaking the corporate
social responsibility activities?
5. What are the various basic developments in the corporate social responsibility
activities by the banking sectors in the United Kingdom?