Analyzing the Current and Future of Cuba-America Tourism

This dissertation examines the complex tourism relationship between Cuba and America, focusing on the impact of the Cuban Revolution and subsequent political events on trade and tourism. The study employs an explanatory research design with an interpretivism philosophy and an inductive approach, relying on secondary research from articles and the internet, analyzed thematically. The research explores the historical context, including the lifting and reimposition of travel restrictions, and their effects on Cuba's economy and tourism sector. The dissertation aims to analyze the current situation of tourism between Cuba and America, scrutinizing its future implications. The study covers the historical relationship, the impact of the embargo, and the effects of recent policy changes by the US government, particularly concerning tourism. The research also includes recommendations for improving trade and tourism relations, providing insights into the economic and political factors shaping the relationship between the two countries.

DISSERTATION

ABSTRACT
Aim: “To analyse the current situation of tourism among Cuba and America by together
scrutinizing its future implication”
Methodology: For the present research explanatory research design will be used so that entire
dissertation can be carried out in an effective manner. Further interpretivism research philosophy
will be used for constructing the new theory. Inductive approach will be used by the researcher
in present study. In the present report information will be collected through secondary research.
Here articles and internet will be useful for gathering the information and analysis is done with
use of thematic approach.
Findings: Since the Obama president of U.S remove restriction from travel, Cuban is waiting
and making room for an American invasion which they have long yearned for tourist. However,
in month of June new president of America declared that he would reverse some key aspects if
the diplomatic phase change which includes the ban on tourism with few exception. It is about
two months ago that President Trump announced that he was closing down some of the opening
to Cuba which was started by the Obama in 2014. If people not travel to Cuba then it leads to
affect growth and economy. New policy made by Trump administration directly affect U.S.
Travel to Cuba. Embassies in Washington and Havana was reopened in 2015 and for the half
century it is remained open. However, Rule are more stricter and limited group tourism will
continue. Along with this there is ban against transactions which is done with business to
controlled the Cuban military.

Table of Contents
CHAPTER- 1...................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
1.1 Background of the study........................................................................................................1
1.2 Rationale of the study............................................................................................................2
1.3 Research aims and objectives................................................................................................2
1.4 Analysis and framework........................................................................................................3
1.5 Structure of the dissertation...................................................................................................4
CHAPTER- 2...................................................................................................................................6
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................6
2.1 Introduction............................................................................................................................6
2.2 Facts associated to Cuban Revolution...................................................................................6
2.3 A timeline of the relationship between Cuba and America...................................................9
2.4 Lift of the embargo between USA and Cuba.......................................................................10
2.5 Impact of embargo on the trade relationship of Cuba and America ...................................11
CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...........................................................................14
Introduction....................................................................................................................................20
Chapter 5: Recommendation and conclusion................................................................................27
Recommendation.......................................................................................................................28
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................30

CHAPTER- 1
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Background of the study
Tourism is referred to be one of the most vibrant sector that largely contributes in the
overall economy of the nation and thus plays a very important role in enhancing the financial
condition of a country. It is thereby important for associated bodies of the nation with a special
relevance to their governmental bodies to consider maintaining the tourism locations in the
nation as a way of promoting continual tourism in those preserved areas (Spencer, 2016).
Although, tourism is often based on the relationship among two or more nations where they are
regularly interdependent on each other due to some trade based relationship to further promote
the trend of business tourism over here. However, on considering the present research work, it is
referred to base upon the tourism relation of two places namely Cuba and America. It has
reflected a series of decisions taken place while the Cuban revolution began in the year 1898 that
drastically changed the entire relationship among US and Cuba and resulted in rivalry.
This revolution was firstly initiated by a young lawyer named Fidel Castro where it was
totally held in opposition to the forced president of Cuba that time called General Fulgencio
Batista due to several reasons that will be analysed in this study (Allison and et. Al., 2015). Also,
this study will consider evaluating the future implications of such destructive relationship among
US and Cuba. For which, it has together referred considering the factors associated with such
destructive terms among US and Cuba. It has subsequently mentioned about some leading facts
in the medieval period when the relationships indicated a soothing trade and tourism relationship
among both the countries.
It was however due to a respectable intervention made by the US president named Barack
Obama who attempted to drop all such type of restrictions in the year 2009. This resulted in
easing off the travellers and business persons to a great extent where the general restrictions were
totally lifted where people were totally permitted to undertake religious and educational trips to
Cuba along with several other restrictions that were lifted by him (US-Cuba relations: timeline of
a tangled history, 2016). However, the return of Donald Trump yet again resulted in drastic
changes in the uplifted embargo that in turn impacted the trade relations of Cuba and America by
specifically affecting the tourism industry of Cuba. Similar consequences along with the future
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implications of the decisions taken up by Trump in regard to this matter have been discoursed in
this investigation.
1.2 Rationale of the study
This section is to discourse upon the basis of this study where it is carried out to analyse
the current tourism relationship among Cuba and America by together scrutinizing its future
implications. For which, this section has rationalised the relative facts of this study by
ascertaining the problem statement of this study and scrutinize the fact behind it (Robinson and
Picard, 2016). In context to which, a substantial issue identified here is the destructive trade and
tourism relationship among Cuba and America that has also affected their trade relationship in a
very deterrent manner. On assimilation of these statistics, the way in which the aforesaid clause
is a problem has been determined. Herein, such negative relationship among Cuba and America
are evident to make a negative impact on the economic condition of both these nations by
directly influencing their trade related terms.
Lastly, this section is meant to address the reason for which the ascertained issue is being
specified as a problem. On referring to it, it can be said that adverse economic condition can
apparently result in exceeding the poverty level of the nations to a great extent that could result
in more atrocious consequences. This study has thereby intended to identify the future
implications of such damaging relationship among Cuba and America to resolve the same for
better outcomes in the future (Hingtgen, Kline, Fernandes and McGehee, 2015). Although, the
relationship among both these nations are still in a detrimental state due to the current president
named Donald Trump who has yet again raised the restrictions between Cuba and America
where US people are not allowed to continue visiting Cuba and their trade relationships with
them.
1.3 Research aims and objectives
It is mainly in context of the intended topic of this study on whose basis, below are the
framed aims and objectives to be attained for its fulfilment-
A prior aim of this study is “To analyse the current situation of tourism among Cuba and
America by together scrutinizing its future implication”. In order to accomplish this aim, below
are the stated objectives of this research work-
 To determine the facts associated with Cuban revolution and its association with
America.
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 To ascertain the bond between Cuba and America after a popular succession of Cuban
revolution.
 To evaluate the impact of Cuban revolution on the tourism relationship of Cuba and
America.
 To interpret the way in which the Cuban revolution affected the trade relationship
among Cuba and America.
 To recommend some effective ways in which both trade and tourism relationship
among Cuba and America can be improved for the future benefit of both the nations.
1.4 Analysis and framework
This is to discourse upon the way in which this investigation will be conducted with an
effective use of applicable tools and techniques. Herein, the researcher has undertaken several
operational measures for carrying out this investigation that involved a pivotal use of data
collection methods, techniques for analysing the results, research approach, design and
philosophy, etc. Apart from this, there together exists some other related concerns for carrying
out a substantial investigation where the researcher is often required to deal with some continual
issues that largely hinders the study (Coleman, 2013). In addition to this, there together exists
certain ethical consideration that are required to be taken attended by the surveyor while
conducting a dissertation that involves vast exploration of the subject matter. Herein, each of the
chosen method work towards the betterment of the survey and where they together play a vital
role in the achievement of its undertaken aims and objectives.
On considering the same, some leading proposals have been made for a precise
completion of this study where it will be based upon a deductive research approach supported by
the philosophy of positivism. This will in turn assist the investigator to explore the chosen
subject matter based on the scrutinization of the present tourism relationship between Cuba and
America (Saldanha and O'Brien, 2014). Beside this, the data collection method that will be
implemented in this study will reflect a significant use of secondary data collection where the
recent articles published in verified sites along with some previously carried studies will be
referred. Also, this will include another principal reference of the governmental reports issued by
both the nations. Lastly, the collected set of data will be analysed with the help of qualitative
measure of analysis that will in turn assist in carrying out a thematic scrutiny of results.
1.5 Structure of the dissertation
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This is to discourse upon the structure of the present dissertation which will be composed
of total five distinct chapter, as mentioned with their pertinent description of each below- Chapter 1 Introduction- It is the foremost chapter of this thesis that has provided an
overview of the entire study. By which, one can easily interpret the actual purpose of this
study. This unit involved the background of the study by together rationalising it and
defining its undertaken aims and objectives. Lastly, it has together stated about the
analytical measures adopted to carry out this investigation that has in turn reflected the
framework of this survey to easily interpret the way in which it will be carried out. Chapter 2 Literature review- This indicates another most crucial unit of this dissertation
that will largely contribute in this study. It basically involved some critical information
gathered from previously conducted study based on a similar subject matter. Likewise, it
has also presented a critical viewpoint of various authors who have either conferred
similar standpoints or have often argued upon certain points. It will lastly reflect as a
leading foundation of the study on whose basis, the outcomes of the present configured
study will be generated. Chapter 3 Research methodology- This is the third most unit of this dissertation that has
detailed the adopted tools and techniques to carry out the present undertaken research
work. Some portion of this unit has been defined in the analysis and framework section of
the opening chapter. Here, this section has involved a thorough description of the above
discussed measures to be used to carry out this research work in a guiding manner. Chapter 4 Data analysis- This will be representing the chapter in which he collected set
of information will be assessed using appropriate measures that will in turn help in
attaining the stated aims and objectives of this study. Herein, the information will be
analysed using qualities method of analysis by creating suitable themes to accomplish the
targeted goals of the research.
 Chapter 5 Conclusion- This is the endmost unit that will consider summarising the
analysed results generated from this study with a relevant set of recommendations for the
betterment of trade and tourism relationship among Cuba and America. It will thereby
consist of two vital sections namely conclusion and recommendations where both are
interlinked to one other. It is basically to frame justified recommendations based upon the
previously concluded results.
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Framework and analysis:
Framework and analysis is one of the essential step for collecting data and information
for the valid source. It is required to be done in respect to make right decision and overall
conclusion and recommendation for the aim of present study. There are various step for this
purpose which are as follows:
 Design of research: For the present research explanatory research design will be used so
that entire dissertation can be carried out in an effective manner. To gather meaningful
information this design is effective and appropriate.
 Research philosophy: In the present report interpretivism research philosophy will be
used for constructing the new theory. This research philosophy is effective in respect to
create deep understanding related to the current research
 Research approach: Inductive approach will be used by the researcher in present study.
As this approach will focus on moving from the specific information to generalisation. In
the present research the current situation of tourism among Cuba and America by
together scrutinizing its future implication is analysed. Therefore, this research design
will help in collecting specific information related to the present this topic.
 Methods of data collection: There are different methods through which information can
be collected by researcher. In the present report information will be collected through
secondary research. Here articles and internet will be useful for gathering the
information. Secondary information is effective and it provide valid outcome on the basis
of which recommendation can be provided
 Techniques of research: To analyse the data there are two types of techniques that is
qualitative and quantitative. In the present report qualitative method will be used for
collecting the information.
 Analysis of data: Qualitative technique will be used to analyse the collected data in an
systematic manner. Here thematic approach will be taken into consideration so that
collected information can be presented in systematic manner. Further it help in reflecting
all the collected information in a appropriate format.
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CHAPTER- 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
This reflects the second most important unit of this dissertation that will refer critiquing
distinct viewpoint of several authors based on the chosen subject matter of this study. It will in
turn reflect a prompt use of secondary resources to gather relevant set of data for further
accomplishing the defined aims and objectives of this investigation. For this purpose, various
themes concerning the chosen research topic have been developed to purposefully attain the
targeted goals of this study (Epstein, 2016). Also, this chapter has reflected an enlightening
scope to the entire research work where it is apparent to create a theoretical framework for the
selected area of research. The present study is carried to analyse the current situation of tourism
among Cuba and America that has become a serious concern for the entire nation due to the
embargo between them. The same concerns have been discoursed in the below referred themes
considering the evidences given by the scholars who have investigated the similar state of affair.
2.2 Facts associated to Cuban Revolution
Cuban revolution as per its entitlement itself indicates a rebellious act done by a young
barrister named Fidel Castro who took this initiative to oppose the Batista government. This was
basically in disapproval of a conquered presidency taken up by the General Fulgencio Batista.
This took place in the year 1953 where in July 26th, the first attach was done by Castro as stated
by Cushion (2016). Although, he was soon arrested for this occurrence and was also sent for an
imprisonment of 15 subsequent years. This attack was basically done in opposition to the armed
camps in Santiago that was soon defeated by the militants. Providentially, he was soon free in the
year 1955 by Batista in display of utmost power that gave rise to yet another attack done by
Castro in the year 1956 on 2nd December. However, he was yet again defeated by the military
force of Batista where this led to the flee of Castro to Sierra Maestra. Soon after this incident,
there occurred yet another attack by Castro that was basically his 3rd attack done with the support
of the defiant Cubans. This lastly led Batista to escape the nation.
Dubinsky (2017) with a distinct consent to it have hereby argued about the above
specified timeline of Cuban revolution that do not indicated such smooth transition and thus
made Castro and other rebellion Cubans to fight against it. This in turn led to a battle among the
Cubans and the dominancy of the forced President. Their efforts ultimately led to the upraise of
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Cuba in the year 1959 after the escape of the forced President. In whose accordance, it is an
intense matter that took place on 26th of July, 1953, i.e., 62 years ago when the young lawyer and
an aspirant individual of Cuba combined a rebellious force with some structured strategies to
Cuban ruler Fulgencio Batista. He has been accused to be a corrupt individual with long series of
oppression and for whose dismissal, Castro being an activist and a reformist mostly appealed his
party. However, he did not seem to be successful in his part and have thereby took the initiative
of planning unruly outbreaks against the president.
Sweeney (2016) with a supportive outlook towards the above conferred statement have
specified it to be the result of unsuccessful legal norms that forced Castro to take this step. With
effect to it, Castro hereby led 160 rebel armed forces to block the Moncada military camps in
Santiago de Cuba. However, he hereby failed to explode a popular revolt where it alternatively
led to the decease of the protestors and together led to the arrest of Castro where he was then
penalised for 15 years of imprisonment. Although, they were set free in the year 1955 for being
associated with a strong political party in Cuba where Castro and his brother named Raul both
were released under the clause of exemption. After which, both of them escaped to Mexico with
several other Cuban refugees and thereby organised the movement of 26th July by referring to
begin the campaign that will ultimately led to the banish of Batista from Cuba.
Within a year, Castro along with his team of total 82 men boarded the Granma ship from
Mexico that was constructed to accommodate maximum 25 people o then landed on the eastern
coast of Cuba on 2nd of December in the year 1956. Herein, 12 out of those 82 were seized and
slayed. But, Castro and his brother successfully survived both these events along with another
protester named Camilo Cienfuegos who later represented the top leaders of this movement.
González (2016) reasoned it to be the start of guerrilla war pack where Castro managed to
accumulate the revolutionary helpers by pushing it across Cuba. They have resultantly won a
series of triumphs over the armed militaries of Batista when Barista intentionally took such
ruthless measures to control the city. However, Castro’s brother Raul and one of their
accompanied protestor named Guevara killed the followers of Batista who were administrated on
the mountains.
Herein, they successfully managed to make use of some informants in favour of Castro to
provide him generous information about the whereabouts in the camp. As per the conferred
statement of Clayton and et.al. (2017), these were the people who intentionally surrendered them
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to Batista’s force where they lastly assisted Castro to successfully led the event of 26th July that
was lastly succeeded and let to a final expulsion of Batista at the end. However, it also resulted in
destructing the relationship between Cuba and America by seriously effecting their trade and
tourism relationship. The entire campaign indicated a major role of the guerrilla fighters
appointed by Batista where despite of being less than 200 in numbers, they were constantly
forcing the Cuban army to withdraw. This involved total 35000 militaries appointed in Cuban
army who were continually being forced to leave the battle with an unsuccessful consequent at
the end. It is by the end of the year 1958, in March, the relationship among US and Cuba
changed to a great extent where it hereby showed a significant contribution of Batista’s insistent
downfall where his forces were entirely defeated by Castro’s militants.
Meneghel and et.al. (2016) hereby disclosed yet another incident of the same year where
on 14th of March, the appointed President of US named Dwight D. Eisenhower hereby intended
to enforce weapon restriction on the island. This proposal rapidly succeeded and America started
shifting away from Batista and stopped supporting him. This in turn made a significant impact on
Cuban air force where Cuba was now not able to get parts for restoration. After a series of such
unfavourable incidents against Batista, he hereby referred to make a final attempt for retrieving
all his lost powers over the hills. Herein, Batista planned an operation and named it Verano and
directed a crowd of 12, 000 offensive battalions to fight with Castro. This operation yet again led
to historic fights in whose response, Castro also took a rebellion turn by launching his own
attacking team of fighters.
The battalions were divided into pillars of leader fighters where the teams were majorly
divided in three parts to be led by Castro, Cienfuegos and Guevara as stated by Weaver and et.al.
(2016). All of these three team of battalions succeeded in defeating Batista where he finally fled
from Cuba on 1st of January, 1959 illustrated as Dominican Republic. It was confirmed when the
very next day, a militant commander-in-chief restricted his troops to fight in Santiago de Cuba
where this assured the victory of Cubans revolutionists where they succeeded in the movement
of 26th July. After which, a victory march was held in Havana as the capital city of Cuba by the
rebel supporters and ended with the arrival of Fidel Castro dated on 8th of Jan 1959.
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2.3 A timeline of the relationship between Cuba and America
According to the Clark and et.al. (2016) during January 1,1959 Fidel Castro came into
the rule by defeating Fulgencio Batista by creating the bitter relations among them and then
resulted in clashes. Later on, during 1959 the Cuba became volunteered and likewise the
properties of Cuba were purchased by the US and steadily there were certain constraints occurred
in business undertakings. Likewise, Cuba gaunt towards the Soviet Union to repay the amount.
Renwick and et.al. (2016) has hereby referred that in the year 1960, the president asked CIA to
guide the soldiers of Cuba to defeat the Castro and because of this act during 19th October 1960
few exports towards the Cuba was restricted by the US nation. Not only this, the relations
between Cuba and US came to an end and which resulted in the closure of embassy existing at
Havana.
In the April 17, 1961 John F Kennedy, the president given the training to almost 1500
refugees by the CIA in order to deploy and throw the Castro from Cuba. This aggression resulted
into a complete failure which had made the Castro utilised his victory and tries to control and
made relations with Soviet Union. In the year 1962 since 14-28 October the crisis of the missiles
of Cuba was ongoing and was finally come to an end. It was basically due to the secret
agreement for the removal of US missiles in Turkey in exchange with the de-forming of Cuba
was accepted by Nikita Krushcdev which was proposed by Kennedy.
For about 6 months the missiles were stopped but the American's never forgiven them
because of their behaviour as they trusted them and allowed them stay near the mainland of
America. At the time of 8th February 1963, Kennedy forcefully stopped the US citizens to travel
to Cuba and even stopped them for making any transactions in terms of money with that country
which resulted in ruining the country completed for the next 50 years. According to Moreno
(2016), the president Jimmy Carter omitted the restrictions towards the Cuba and lately in the
year 1977 Cuba started taking interest in the parts of Washington, DC. Furthermore, Johnson
(2016) have hereby enlightened yet another fact where in the year 1982, the president Reagen
started the travel and business transactions within the Cuba and enhances its monetary
negotiations. During the year 1996, an act was formed by the US congress for enhancing the
restraint against Cuba. This law is collectively convicted by the foreign governments and
charitable groups.
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