Report on the International Tourism System in Cuba: Issues and Impacts

This report provides an analysis of the international tourism system in Cuba. It examines sustainable tourism development, ethical considerations within the tourism industry, and the positive and negative impacts on coastal ecosystems. The report further explores policy implementations in the legal sector of Cuban tourism and its complexities, along with the impact of the travel ban under the Trump administration. The study uses articles and news reports to investigate key issues, including the need for sustainable practices, ethical decision-making, and the economic effects of political decisions on the tourism sector. The analysis highlights the challenges and opportunities facing Cuba's tourism industry, emphasizing the need for responsible management and policy adjustments to ensure long-term sustainability and growth. The report underscores the importance of addressing environmental concerns, ethical dilemmas, and the impact of external factors on the Cuban tourism sector.

Running head: INTERNATIONAL TOURISM SYSTEM-CUBA
International Tourism System-Cuba
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
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Table of Contents
Issue of Sustainable Tourism Development in Cuban Tourism.................................................2
The issue in the Ethical Considerations- Tourism Industry of Cuba.........................................3
Positive and Negative Impact in the coastal ecosystems- Cuba Tourism Department..............4
Policy Implementation in the legalised sector of Cuba Tourism and its Complexities.............5
The issue in the Cuban Tourism after the travel ban under Trump's administration.................6
References..................................................................................................................................8

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Issue of Sustainable Tourism Development in Cuban Tourism
Laitamaki, J., Hechavarría, L.T., Tada, M., Liu, S., Setyady, N., Vatcharasoontorn, N. &
Zheng, F., 2016. Sustainable tourism development frameworks and best practices:
Implications for the Cuban tourism industry. Managing Global Transitions, 14(1), p.7.
Based on the above-cited article it can be undermined that the article tried to
investigate the best possible practices that would effectively help the tourism industry of
Cuba to implement the strategies of the comprehensive sustainable development in its
tourism department. In this connection, the mentioned study is known to conduct a literature
review of the research that significantly contributes to the subject area of the study by the
help of addressing the synergy of sustainable tourism development in the concern of
providing the best practices of the same to the tourism industry of Cuba. As per the viewpoint
of Laitamaki et al. (2016, p. 7), the department of tourism is considered to be a significant
economic driver as well the producer of the aspect of employment in the region of Cuba. The
study in this connection found that the tourism department of Cuba had taken the initiative in
the context of implementing the strategies of sustainable development in the concern of its
tourism department, but the same was not appropriate and helping to the policy framework of
the sustainable development that was actually meant to be.
In this connection, the above-mentioned article out of the outcome is received from
the research findings, states that the goal of the Cuban Tourism Department should be
focused on the transportation policy which will help the same to develop efficient as well as
cost-effective sustainable level towards the destination to accessibility. The government of
Cuba should focus on prioritising the activities of cycling as well as walking as the activities
of the national tourism as the government of New Zealand have implemented in the concern
of achieving the synergy of sustainable development. The reason behind this, as stated in the

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above article is that the benefits of bicycling as well as walking, is known to environmental,
social as well as transportation-related as well.
The issue in the Ethical Considerations- Tourism Industry of Cuba
Finlay, S.R., 2018. A Philosophical Analysis of Ethical Considerations in Cuban Tourism.
Based on the above-cited article, it is analysed that the tourism department is
considered to be one of the largest business industry across the globe. As per the viewpoint of
Finlay (2018, p. 5), the tourism department in Cuba is known to cause several numbers of
cultural, environmental as well as economic issues in the society. In consideration of
analysing this statement, the author has implemented the use of three ethical models of
business in the connection of discussing the ethics and its aspects related to the tourism
industry in the region of Cuba. The three models used in the research study are named as the
business ethics, alternative tourism, as well as philosophical ethics. The author has
significantly made use of personal experience as well as the past scholarly articles based on
the tourism industry of Cuba. The study was based on the examination of the complex ethical
decision making process and dimensions of the tourism department connected to the region
of Cuba with the help of the lens study of critical tourism. The essential studies included the
theories of the power relations, the neo-colonialism, and dual economy of the Cuban region
as well as its economic policies, the neo-liberal capitalism as well as the socialism of the
Cuban region and also the nuanced effects of the racism. It was examined that all these
aspects play a vital role in the Cuban tourism department.
The findings of the study showed that the tourism industry of Cuba is going through
issues related to these ethical decision making processes. The policies implemented by them
in concern to the ethical issues in Cuban tourism is examined to be insignificant and the one
which is creating issues in the effectiveness of the concerned tourism department. With the

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help of the three models used in the study, the author critically stated that the philosophy
concerning the ethical decisions of the Cuban tourism department needs to be changed at an
alarming rate.
Positive and Negative Impact in the coastal ecosystems- Cuba Tourism
Department
Hernández, M., 2019. Managing coastal ecosystems. Retrieved from
http://en.granma.cu/cuba/2019-09-02/managing-coastal-ecosystems
Based on the above-cited news article published on the date of 2nd September 2019, it
is undermined that the Cuban Tourism Department is causing both a positive as well as
negative impact on the management sector of the coastal ecosystems. Hernandez (2019, p. 1)
has significantly stated in the article that the locations connected to the coastal ecosystems of
the Cuban tourism region are profoundly being subjected to the synergy of soil erosion. It
was also examined with the help of the article that the only positive impact of the
management of the coastal ecosystems by the tourism department of Cuba is that the same
has given special attention to the beach resort connected to the Santa Lucia and have made
experienced as well as noticeable changes in the natural features of the concerned coastal
ecosystem. This beach resort is determined to be the principal beach resort, and therefore, the
effective maintenance and management of the same have led to a vital number of tourist
attraction to the region of Cuba.
However, as examined with the help of the above-cited news article it is also observed that
the Cuban Tourism Department soon needs to check up with its management activities in the
other coastal regions where the profound level of soil erosion is taking place. The study
examines and states that these few coastal regions that are remaining untouched by the human
hands is causing and will cause more adverse effects on the environmental factors in the

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upcoming future. The root cause behind the same is found to be the lack of awareness
amongst the tourism department as well as the irresponsiveness of the same in the
maintenance of the primary coastal regions and focusing more on the principal region to grab
the attention of tourists and gain a higher number of profit. The study critically suggested that
the tourism department should focus on eliminating the use of harmful chemicals in the
synergy of cleaning the beaches, using more suitable equipment to prevent the accumulation
of seaweed as well as not implementing the use of rigid structures in the connection of
building the tourism department.
Policy Implementation in the legalised sector of Cuba Tourism and its
Complexities
Duffy, L. & Kline, C., 2018. Complexities of tourism planning and development in Cuba.
Based on this above-cited article, it is undermined that the region of Cuba and its
tourism department had been recorded to undergo several social, economic as well as
political changes in the period of the last ten years. As per the viewpoint of Duffy and Kline
(2018), the recent President of Cuba, Sir Raul Castro had been known to bring significant
changes in the legalised sector of the tourism department of Cuba and have fostered the
additional investments related to the outside economic stagnation. These reforms, in turn,
have recorded to create a surge in the entrepreneurial activity of the tourism among the
residents of the Cuban region who are known to enter into the private sector with the aspect
of offering new products or the expansion of the traditional products of the tourism
department. Parallel to this changes in the domestic economic policies of the tourism industry
in Cuba, the increased rate of interest have brought to a significant transformation in the
tourism relationship that lied between the area of Cuba and the United States.

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This change in the policy implementation brought up a ripple effect of the
possibilities concerned to the thawed relationship to go beyond the concern of the two
countries with the inclusion of an unexpected surge in the international travel industry. The
same is recorded to look forward to the experience of tourism industry connected to Cuba
before the same is unfastened up to the synergy of the travellers of the United States. Thus, as
per examined with the help of the article the concerned issues calls up for the attention of the
Cuban travel and tourism industry to look after the island nation of Cuba and include the
synergy of tourism competitiveness and development along with the management and
policies being looked after since the past decades.
The issue in the Cuban Tourism after the travel ban under Trump's
administration
Reuters.com, 2019. Tourism to Cuba plunges after Trump's tightening of travel ban: data.
Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-tourism/tourism-to-cuba-plunges-
after-trumps-tightening-of-travel-ban-data-idUSKCN1VB22C
Based on the above-cited news article, it is examined that the number of visits in the
tourist region of Cuba has been known to decline at a high rate of 23.6% in the same year of
July 2009 (Reuters.com, 2019, p. 1). The same was determined to be at a rate of 20% in the
month of June in the same year. The reason behind the same is examined with the help of the
article is determined as the administration of the Trump in the tightening of the United States
restrictions concerning to the travel to the Caribbean island (a great source of tourism profit
to the region of Cuba). Moreover, the air travel of cruises was also examined to be banned in
the region of Cuba, and this led to the loss of interest rate of the tourists to visit the tourist
region of Cuba. In addition to this, the Trump administration has been recorded to target the
two brightest as well as the most famous spots connected to the region of Cuba and the same

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dropped the economic condition of the Cuban tourism to a lower extent. Not only this, but it
was also examined with the help of the article that Trump is on the verge to eye the elections
of the year 2020 and the same will create a harder line for the Cuban Tourism Department.
The above-cited news article also showed that the measures taken by the
administration of Trump with regards to putting a ban on the travel synergies has been
continuously hurting the economy of the Cuban region connected to its tourism sector. The
nation of Cuba in this context have been known to face the battles of the cash crunch in the
waking up of the steep decline in the tourism department of the same. The statistical data
recorded as per the Cuban government in the month of August revealed that they had had a
sharp loss estimating up to an amount of 4.3 billion in the entire financial year (Reuters.com,
2019, p. 2). This ban and decline are not just affecting the tourism department, but the same
is also being recorded to create an adverse impact on the restaurants, the taxi drivers as well
as the bed and breakfast services who served the different number of tourists and made a
profit from the same.

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References
Duffy, L. & Kline, C., 2018. Complexities of tourism planning and development in Cuba.
Finlay, S.R., 2018. A Philosophical Analysis of Ethical Considerations in Cuban Tourism.
Hernández, M., 2019. Managing coastal ecosystems. Retrieved from
http://en.granma.cu/cuba/2019-09-02/managing-coastal-ecosystems
Laitamaki, J., Hechavarría, L.T., Tada, M., Liu, S., Setyady, N., Vatcharasoontorn, N. &
Zheng, F., 2016. Sustainable tourism development frameworks and best practices:
Implications for the Cuban tourism industry. Managing Global Transitions, 14(1), p.7.
Reuters.com, 2019. Tourism to Cuba plunges after Trump's tightening of travel ban: data.
Retrieved from https://www.reuters.com/article/us-cuba-tourism/tourism-to-cuba-plunges-
after-trumps-tightening-of-travel-ban-data-idUSKCN1VB22C