Business Research: Impact of Cultural Differences in Australia

This report investigates the impact of cultural differences on international business, specifically within the Australian context. It begins by outlining the research problem, which is the need to understand and mitigate cultural differences to improve the financial performance of international businesses. The report establishes the research aim and objectives, which include exploring the concept of cultural differences and recommending strategies to address related issues. A null and alternative hypothesis are presented. The research methodology is described, including the use of a deductive philosophy and a mixed-methods approach (combining quantitative and qualitative data). The research design, including the use of surveys and literature reviews, and the data collection methods are detailed. Sampling involves probability sampling of employees from major Australian companies. The report also acknowledges research limitations, such as time and resource constraints. The report concludes by providing a comprehensive overview of the research process and its implications for international business operations.

Running Head: BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
Business Research Methods

2
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
Table of Contents
Abstract.................................................................................................................................................2
Introduction...........................................................................................................................................3
Research Problem..............................................................................................................................3
Research aim and objectives..............................................................................................................4
Research hypothesis..........................................................................................................................4
Research Methodology..........................................................................................................................4
Research Philosophy..........................................................................................................................5
Research Approach............................................................................................................................5
Research Design................................................................................................................................5
Research Strategy..............................................................................................................................6
Data Collection Method.....................................................................................................................7
Sampling............................................................................................................................................7
Research limitation............................................................................................................................8
References...........................................................................................................................................10

3
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
Abstract
The main aim of this research is to analyze the impact of cultural difference on international
business: In the context of Australia. The concept of cultural differences becomes a major
problem for the international business to improve the financial condition. The report helps to
identify the cultural dimensions to improve the financial condition of the international
business. It also discusses research methodology that can be supportive to identify the tools
and techniques for solving research dilemma. It also demonstrates the research action plan
that will help to complete the research in lime and cost with research limitation.

4
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
Introduction
This report discusses the impact of cultural difference on international business: In the
context of Australia that is a research problem. It also presents the research aim and
objectives. It demonstrates research hypothesis. It also provides a depth understanding of the
research methodology that can be effective to identify research techniques. It also
demonstrates the action plan as well as research limitation1.
Research Problem
The research topic is “to analyze the impact of cultural difference on international business:
In the context of Australia. In the current business scenario, it is necessary for an
international business to improve the cultural difference issues. It will be effective to obtain
the competitive advantages along with continuing growth of international business in the
upcoming period. For this, it can be important to an organization to focus on the cultural
issues for improving the financial condition of the business2. Due to this, an organization can
use the modern techniques to mitigate the cultural difference at the workplace to improve the
condition of the business. Mitigation of cultural differences can offer more advantages to the
employees and stakeholders to accomplish the research dilemma in the specified cost and
1 Moran, Robert T., Neil Remington Abramson, and Sarah V. Moran. Managing cultural
differences. UK: Routledge, 2014.
2 Stahl, Günter K., and Rosalie L. Tung. "Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in
international business studies: The need for the positive cross-cultural scholarship." Journal
of International Business Studies 46, no. 4 (2015): 391-414.

5
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
time3. From this, an organization can be able to increase their capabilities to accomplish the
higher profitability in the marketplace.
In the current scenario, a large number of multinational organizations have used effective
approaches to effectively manage the unexpected situation. From this, an organization is
capable enhance its performance along with internal abilities to avoid the unexpected
occurrence and increase the knowledge about competitive advantages. In future context, the
cultural differences can be a major concept that will investigate by a researcher with the help
of different region4. In addition, it can be said that many elements will force the researcher to
select this research study such as motivating research dilemma, the role of cultural
differences, and determination of cultural differences can be effective to improve the
international business in the upcoming period. Further, these factors can help to the
researcher for making the effective research in terms of the impact of cultural differences on
international business. It can also help to determine the reliable outcome5. Moreover, many
researchers have completed their research on cultural difference and international business
but there is lack of research related to the impact of cultural difference on the international
business. Hence, this research can be an important concept in this business scenario.
3 Wild, John J., Kenneth L. Wild, and Jerry CY Han. International business. USA: Pearson
Education Limited, 2014.
4 Ribbink, Dina, and Curtis M. Grimm. "The impact of cultural differences on buyer-supplier
negotiations: An experimental study." Journal of Operations Management 32, no. 3 (2014):
114-126.
5 Ahammad, Mohammad Faisal, Shlomo Yedidia Tarba, Yipeng Liu, and Keith W. Glaister.
"Knowledge transfer and cross-border acquisition performance: The impact of cultural
distance and employee retention." International Business Review 25, no. 1 (2016): 66-75.

6
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
Research aim and objectives
The main aim of this research is to identify the impact of cultural difference on international
business: In the context of Australia. The research objectives are discussed as below:
 To explore the meaning and concept of cultural difference.
 To identify the issues faced by international business due to cultural differences.
 To recommend the strategies to overcome the issues of international business in the
context of cultural differences in Australia.
Research hypothesis
Null Hypothesis: There is no relationship between the cultural differences and international
business.
Alternative Hypothesis: There is a positive relationship between cultural differences and
international business.
Research Methodology
The research methodology can play a significant role to identify the tools and techniques to
collect the data about research issue. There are different kinds of techniques that will involve
by the researcher in research methodologies such as research philosophy, research approach,
research design, data collection method, data analysis, and ethical consideration6.
Research Philosophy
The researcher will use the deductive philosophy to collect the data about research dilemma.
The deductive approach can be used to test the hypothesis afterward accept and reject the
outcome. A research will not imply the inductive philosophy because the research topic is
objective in nature. Positivism philosophy can be considered by the researcher for this
6 Bauer, Florian, and Kurt Matzler. "Antecedents of M&A success: The role of strategic
complementarity, cultural fit, and degree and speed of integration." Strategic management
journal 35, no. 2 (2014): 269-291.

7
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
research study7. From this, a researcher will create hypothesis through numerous approaches
and then the researcher will accept and reject a developed hypothesis on behalf of data
evaluation.
Research Approach
The research approach can enable the researcher to obtain the positive result from research
The research approach is also crucial in the research methodology because of illustrating the
cause to choose the specified research procedure. There are two kinds of research methods
that will be considered in the research such as inductive approach and deductive approach8. A
research will execute the deductive approach to perform the research activity and accomplish
the research objectives appropriately. A researcher will not imply the inductive approach in
this research because the research is objective in nature. The inductive approach is used to
develop a theoretical framework about research dilemma, therefore, it can be said that the
inductive approach cannot be appropriate for this research9. The deductive approach will help
to hypothesis development. It will also help to evaluate the hypothesis to accept and reject the
hypothesis to get the reliable result and solve the research issue. As per the hypothesis, a
7 Brannen, Mary Yoko, Rebecca Piekkari, and Susanne Tietze. "The multifaceted role of
language in international business: Unpacking the forms, functions, and features of a critical
challenge to MNC theory and performance." (2014): 495-507.
8 Ferraro, Gary P., and Elizabeth K. Briody. The cultural dimension of global business. USA:
Taylor & Francis, 2017.
9 The contractor, Farok J., Somnath Lahiri, B. Elango, and Sumit K. Kundu. "Institutional,
cultural and industry related determinants of ownership choices in emerging market FDI
acquisitions." International Business Review 23, no. 5 (2014): 931-941.

8
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
researcher will enable to prove and reject the research procedure in the context of the
research topic.
Research Design
A researcher design can be significant to the researcher due to identifying the whole research
structure. Through research design, a researcher will capable to get appropriate methods
along with creating the depth knowledge about research issue for collect the feasible data.
Further, it supports to the researcher to make a suitable plan for getting the accurate data
about research dilemma. A researcher will sue mixed data collection method.
The mixed data collection method considered two kinds of data such as quantitative and
qualitative research method. The mixed research method supports the researcher to eliminate
the disadvantages of both research method and take advantages of qualitative and quantitative
research method. Further, the quantitative research method will use to present the numerical
data through statistical techniques. In oppose to this, qualitative research permits the
researcher to collect conceptual understanding regarding the research dilemma. The mixed
research method can help the researcher to get the feasible result appropriately. It will also
help to the researcher to develop the robust relationship about research issues. For this
research study, a researcher will keep the objectivity and tried to use the reliable techniques
for performing the research issues.
Research Strategy
The research strategies can play an imperative role in the research because it supports to
determine data collection techniques to obtain an appropriate result. A researcher will imply
the research strategy to mitigate the research dilemma. These strategies could survey through
questionnaire and literature review. The researcher will use questionnaire and literature
review to identify the impact of cultural differences on international business10.
10 Mackey, Alison, and Susan M. Gass. Second language research: Methodology and design.
UK: Routledge, 2015.

9
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
From the application of these strategies, researchers will able to evaluate past collected
information that can be related to the research dilemma. Moreover, a researcher will imply
the survey through questionnaire due to determine the research problem in the research
boundaries. It is addressed that survey through questionnaire can support to obtain the views
and opinion of respondents regarding research issues. In this research study, the researcher
will use the literature review to develop the conceptual understanding of the research subject
to solve the research issue. Due to this, the researcher will exercise many sources of
secondary data collection method such as reference books, journal, company website,
magazines, and online and offline sources. The researcher will use this method to collect
reliable data about research issue11. The literature review section help to create theoretical
framework about problems to determine the impact of cultural issues on international
business. Moreover, such techniques can help to improve the reliability of research outcome.
Data Collection Method
Data collection method will play an imperative role in collecting the data because data
collection method allows the researcher for effectively gather information and complete the
research objectives. There are two types of data collection method such as primary and
secondary data collection method. The researcher will use primary data collection method to
collect new information12. The researcher will cover different types of sources like
questionnaire, interview, observation, and focus group. In 6+++oppose to this, the secondary
data collection method will also collect by many sources such as online and office sources,
11 Taylor, Steven J., Robert Bogdan, and Marjorie DeVault. Introduction to qualitative
research methods: A guidebook and resource. USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
12 Brinkmann, Svend. "Interview." In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, pp. 1008-1010.
Springer New York, 2014.

10
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
books, case study, journals, and company web to collect the outcome about a research
problem. Moreover, the secondary data collection method also includes the literature review
to obtain the reliable outcome within specified time and cost.
Sampling
The sampling is also an imperative to select the sample from a population to get accurate data
about a research problem. The probability and non-probability sampling methods are
included int eh sampling method to get the accurate data about research dilemma. For this
research, the researcher will use the probability sampling method to offer a similar chance to
participants to reaction about survey through a questionnaire. The non-probability sampling
method will not use by the researcher to collect the data about research dilemma. This
research is subjective in nature, therefore, probability sampling method will be sue by
researchers to conduct research13.
Due to this, 50 workforces of Woolworths Limited, Commonwealth Bank of Australia, and
BHP Billiton will select by the researcher to collect the data about research questions.
Research plan for completing the project
Activities of research Time
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Selection of research topic
Make research aims and objectives
Selection of data collection method
Questionnaire development
Sample size selection
13 Vaioleti, Timote M. "Talanoa research methodology: A developing position on Pacific
research." Waikato Journal of Education 12, no. 1 (2016).

11
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
Data evaluation
Report writing
Final submission
As per the above table, it can be interpreted that selection of data collection method can take
more time form the whole research activity
Research limitation
The research limitation can also be significant to the researcher to complete the research
appropriately. In the research limitation, there are many factors that will consider by the
researcher to conduct the research. For this, the specified cost will negatively influence the
research outcome. The time structure can influence to collect the data and get the reliable
result. Further, the researcher will face issues at the time of lack of resources14. A researcher
will directly communicate with respondents to obtain the reliable outcome by using
questionnaire method, e-mail, and emails. Moreover, it will allow the researcher to develop a
favorable relationship with respondents to maintain the confidential data of participants due
to avoiding ethical issues in research.
14 Flick, Uwe. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research
project. USA: Sage, 2015.

12
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
References
Ahammad, Mohammad Faisal, Shlomo Yedidia Tarba, Yipeng Liu, and Keith W. Glaister.
"Knowledge transfer and cross-border acquisition performance: The impact of cultural
distance and employee retention." International Business Review 25, no. 1 (2016): 66-75.
Bauer, Florian, and Kurt Matzler. "Antecedents of M&A success: The role of strategic
complementarity, cultural fit, and degree and speed of integration." Strategic management
journal 35, no. 2 (2014): 269-291.
Brannen, Mary Yoko, Rebecca Piekkari, and Susanne Tietze. "The multifaceted role of
language in international business: Unpacking the forms, functions, and features of a critical
challenge to MNC theory and performance." (2014): 495-507.
Brinkmann, Svend. "Interview." In Encyclopedia of Critical Psychology, pp. 1008-1010.
Springer New York, 2014.
Ferraro, Gary P., and Elizabeth K. Briody. The cultural dimension of global business. USA:
Taylor & Francis, 2017.
Flick, Uwe. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research
project. USA: Sage, 2015.
Mackey, Alison, and Susan M. Gass. Second language research: Methodology and design.
UK: Routledge, 2015.
Moran, Robert T., Neil Remington Abramson, and Sarah V. Moran. Managing cultural
differences. UK: Routledge, 2014.
Ribbink, Dina, and Curtis M. Grimm. "The impact of cultural differences on buyer-supplier
negotiations: An experimental study." Journal of Operations Management 32, no. 3 (2014):
114-126.

13
BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODS
Stahl, Günter K., and Rosalie L. Tung. "Towards a more balanced treatment of culture in
international business studies: The need for the positive cross-cultural scholarship." Journal
of International Business Studies 46, no. 4 (2015): 391-414.
Taylor, Steven J., Robert Bogdan, and Marjorie DeVault. Introduction to qualitative research
methods: A guidebook and resource. USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2015.
The contractor, Farok J., Somnath Lahiri, B. Elango, and Sumit K. Kundu. "Institutional,
cultural and industry related determinants of ownership choices in emerging market FDI
acquisitions." International Business Review 23, no. 5 (2014): 931-941.
Vaioleti, Timote M. "Talanoa research methodology: A developing position on Pacific
research." Waikato Journal of Education 12, no. 1 (2016).
Wild, John J., Kenneth L. Wild, and Jerry CY Han. International business. USA: Pearson
Education Limited, 2014.