Article Analysis: Culture Confusion and Travel Motivation in Tourism

This report analyzes two articles relevant to the tourism industry: "Culture Confusion Intercultural Adaptation in Tourism" by Petri Hottola and "Developing the travel career approach to tourist motivation" by Pearce and Lee. The first article discusses the challenges of cultural shock faced by tourists and employees, referencing the dynamic model of culture confusion and highlighting issues in India and Sri Lanka. The second article examines the travel career ladder approach, exploring how tourist motivation is influenced by relaxation, relationships, security, self-esteem, and self-actualization needs. The analysis includes methodologies such as interviews, surveys, and statistical methods to evaluate the scope and growth of empirical studies within the tourism sector. The report concludes by highlighting the significance of both articles in understanding cultural impacts and motivation within the tourism industry.

Article analysis
TOURISM

Introduction
 This presentation will be
analyzing two different articles
named Culture Confusion
Intercultural Adaptation in
Tourism by Petri Hottola and
Developing the travel career
approach to tourist motivation
by Pearce and Lee.
 Both these two articles reveal
two different factors relating
to the tourism industries of the
world.

Analysis:
 Culture Confusion
Intercultural Adaptation
in Tourism
 The paper of Culture Confusion
Intercultural Adaptation in Tourism by
Petri Hottola has pointed out most
recent and critical situation faced by
the tourists as well as employees
working in the tourism industry in the
world.
 This paper relates to the cultural shock
of the visitors as well as employees
relating to the tourism industry.

Culture Confusion
Intercultural Adaptation in
Tourism This particular study has
critically mentioned about the
studies 40 years back and how
the author like Kalervo Oberg.
 The Framework had used
underlined emotional path ways
from the depression to recovery
through to different stages of
disillusionment euphoria,
adaptation, hostility and
assimilation (Hottola, 2004).

Culture Confusion Intercultural
Adaptation in Tourism
 The cultural instruction for the foreign
tourists in the travel guide books or
internet can we specifically a preparation
which guides cultural shock.
 In this paper also mention has been
made out of state cultural dimension
which connects the national culture with
the organisational culture.

Culture Confusion
Intercultural Adaptation in
Tourism
 In this paper the main cultural shock has been defined in the light of
tourism industry in India and Sri Lanka
 The journey of a tourist from their own country to the foreign ones
leads to have certain questions in mind in which the first and foremost
remains the difference of culture however it can be stated that people
visits from one place to the other not only in the attraction of
geography of that place but also the people residing there and their
lifestyle.
 It makes the employees understand about the difference of beliefs
values communication system and understanding of their tourists from
other culture.

Developing the Travel Career
Approach to Tourist Motivation
 This paper has connected with the travel career ladder approach or (TCL) for travel
motivation.
 Here the authors are trying to establish how the career approach can increase
motivation among the tourists to Visit places.
 According to this authors tourists in any region feel motivated at five different
levels that to meet their relaxation needs, relationship needs, security needs, self-
esteem needs and self-actualization or fulfilment needs (Pearce & Lee 2005).

Developing the Travel Career
Approach to Tourist Motivation
 In order to find out these data this
particular study has conducted to
Different researches that is interview
process and survey for revealing
empirical exploration.
 The main two are the interview and
another is the survey method.
 In the tourism sector the employability
has been associated with the concept of
specialisation which suggests that there
are different classes of the participants

Developing the Travel Career
Approach to Tourist Motivation
 This paper has analysed different leisure studies
 The research objectives include proper identification of the broad
range of travel motive items for the pleasure travel generally.
 It also includes measuring travel experiences, factors defining
travel motivations, relating travel motivation pattern for
travelling experience.

Developing the Travel Career
Approach to Tourist Motivation
 To evaluate the statistical methods used by these authors in this
particular study are
 Descriptive
 K means cluster analysis
 principal component analysis
 discriminant analysis
 independent T test
 cross tabulation

Conclusion
 Therefore it can be concluded that these two articles though
focuses on the same sector of tourism have acknowledged its
claim for two different section.
 The cultural impact on tourism and employment motivation in
tourism sector have been analyzed.
 The audience therefore can understand the scopes and growth of
this empirical studies.

References:
 Hottola, P. (2004). Culture confusion: Intercultural adaptation in
tourism. Annals of Tourism Research, 31(2), 447-466.
 Pearce, P. L., & Lee, U. I. (2005). Developing the travel career
approach to tourist motivation. Journal of travel research, 43(3),
226-237.