Kroger: Culture, Power, Politics Influence on Individual and Team

This report analyses organisational behaviour within Kroger, focusing on how culture, politics, and power dynamics influence individual and team performance. It examines different types of organisational cultures, such as power, task, person, and role cultures, and their effects on employee motivation and productivity. The report also discusses the negative impacts of organisational politics, including demotivation and decreased productivity, and suggests strategies for Kroger's management to mitigate these effects. Furthermore, it explores various forms of power, such as legitimate, reward, referent, informational, and expert power, and their implications for management decision-making. The report also assesses process and content theories of motivation and highlights the importance of understanding employee needs and desires to enhance performance. It concludes by emphasising the need for effective team development strategies to foster a positive and productive work environment.

Organisational
behaviour

Table of Content.
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK1.............................................................................................................................................1
P1 Analyse how culture, politics and power can influence individual and team behaviour
performance.................................................................................................................................1
M1 Critically analysing how culture, power and politics of the organisation may influence
individuals performance or team behaviour ...............................................................................5
TASK2 ............................................................................................................................................5
P2 Assess the process and content theory....................................................................................5
M2 Critically measure the application of theories which influence others behaviour................7
TASK3.............................................................................................................................................7
P3 Explain the effectiveness and ineffective team importance...................................................7
M3. Analysing the effective theories of team development........................................................8
TASK 4............................................................................................................................................9
P4. uses of philosophies and organisational behaviour concept..................................................9
Concept of Path Goal Theory......................................................................................................9
M4. Investigation and measurement of the concept and philosophies impact behaviour.........10
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organisational behaviour is refers to those behaviour of the organisation under which the
company conduct study of behaviour of an individual, group as well as workplace. Since, for the
organisational benefits, it is very significant to study or analyse the behaviour of the organisation
effectively by the management team as it help out the manager to grow effective strategies
within the organisation. There are various types of activities are conducted by the management
such as controlling, predicting as well as understanding the behaviour of an individual. The
analysing process of organisational behaviour assist the organisation to reduce the present
deviations within the organisation in order to enhance profitability. Therefore, different aspect of
studies are discussed such as culture of the organisation, leadership and many more. Kroger is
the organisation chosen for this project report. It is the American multinational organisation
which trade with grocery. The headquarter of the organisation is in United states. The project
report are related to culture, politics as well as power being followed within the organisation.
The project report also give brief discussion on the relevant theories and management tools.
TASK1
P1 Analyse how culture, politics and power can influence individual and team behaviour
performance
One of the most important and valuable concept of the company is organisational
behaviour and it helps the organisation by analysing the actual position of the organisation. The
study of the behavioural may assist the organisation to analyse the influencing power or culture
of the organisation. In order to analyse the organisational behavioural, the manager of the
organisation conduct effective behavioural study. There is need to maintain the effective culture
so that the employee can stay within the organisation as various type of employees are present
within the organisation. The main motive of the organisational manager is to accomplish the goal
and objectives of the organisation. Therefore, manager implement various strategies in order to
achieve the target or objectives of the organisation. It is very essential for the manager of the
organisation is to examine the needs and desires of the employees so that they can motivate their
employees so they can fulfil the organisational objectives. Kroger is biggest supermarket chain
under which the large number of employees or the customers are interconnected with the
organisation throughout the world. In order to satisfied the stakeholders of the company, it is
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very important of the organisation manager to create a positive culture within the organisation
(Waling., 2019). Some brief discussion in context of culture which is followed in Kroger are
mentioned below:
Culture
It refers to belief or traditions which is followed within the organisation. It play crucial
role towards the motivation of the employees. When the organisation maintain the culture to
promote the employees benefits then they perform their work with high efficiency as well as
their performance is improved. When there is culture where the employees get demoted from
their right and benefits of the employees then the employees feel demotivated towards the
organisation along with that their retention rate within the organisation become minimise. Since,
the organisation manager of Kroger's followed different types of culture and the related culture
brief are mentioned below:
 Power culture- some rule and regulations developed by the manager which have to
followed by each employees of the organisation without further argument. Few
employees or supervisors of the organisation have a power to make decision within the
organisation. In wicked situations, the manager of Kroger use this culture method to
make decision (Jeong and Shin., 2019).
 Task culture- the different types of team are developed within the organisation and
provided the specified task to specified team to accomplish in a specified team . It is the
most effective culture which the manager of the organisation is followed. As it helps the
organisation to enhance the productivity of the organisation.
 Person culture- the culture of the organisation in which the managers and the executive
member of the company may provide the recognition and respect to the employees. All
the member present within the organisation may treated superior.
 Role culture- the culture of the organisation in which each employee of the organisation
has their peculiarly role which is assign to them from the management team. Hence, it is
important for the organisation as it assist the company to achieve their goals and
objectives of the organisation.
Therefore, it is very important for Kroger that they have to maintain the effective as well
as positive environment at the workplace within the organisation. As positive environment of the
organisation helps out the organisation to grow faster or smoothly within the market place as
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well as also increase the productivity of the organisation. The positive or effective culture of the
organisation has made the employees loyal towards the organisation (Amrutha and Geetha.,
2020).
Politics
politics build negative environment within the organisation and can be made by negative
employee. Therefore, it is necessary for the management team of the organisation is to analyse
the politics in their organisation in order to protect their employees from any kind of nuisance
factor within the organisation. There are various negative impacts which the management team
face due to politics such as securing negative, decreasing productivity, strikes as well as many
other factors. The organisational politics is differentiated into four parts which are necessary to
be discussed such as rocks, weeds, wood as well high ground. Influencing of personal factor is
related to weed and make the present network among the employees are informal. These
environment develop naturally and dynamically without any kind of maintenance. The high
grounds have formal authority combination with organisation system which includes structures,
rules, procedures, policy as well as guidelines. Rocks are refers to an individual interactions as
well as authority from the formal source (Lamont., 2018).
When the activities of the organisation is related to organisational politics then the
employees of the organisation are affected in many ways which are discussed below:
 Demotivation of employees- the employee get demotivated within the organisation due to
involvement of politics and it is one of the biggest disadvantage which the management
of Kroger faced. An individuals performance within the organisation is impacted by the
politics of the organisation.
 Productivity is decreased- the various types of employees are present within the Kroger
which has a huge contribution of politics. The authoritative employees may influence
those workers which have high performance capability to low performance productivity
by malpractice.
 Ambience is spoiled- involvement of politics within the organisation may grow negative
culture at the workplace which may disturb the ambience of an organisation. The political
factor involves within the organisation may decrease the productivity as well as
efficiency of an employees in the organisation.
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Kroger management may focus to develop the effective framework within the organisation in
order to protect the organisation from the negative culture of politics. The manager of the
organisation motive is to focus on that authoritative employees which may influence the other
employees performance by involving politics and giving warning to not to create any kind of
nuisance any further (Tourigny and et.al., 2019).
Power
The abilities of an individual which assist the other person to influence their will or the
attitude of the person towards their accomplishment of organisational objectives. The upper level
of management may provide some authoritative power to few employees or manager in order to
complete the work within the organisation. The authoritative power assist the manager to take
decision regarding the different aspect of the company. This also assist the manager to take work
from their subordinates within the specified time. There are various department present within
the organisation such as finance human resource, marketing area and many more. Each
department have specified manager in order to manage their subordinates work performance or
efficiency within the organisation. All department are very important for the organisation in
order to make decision regarding the organisational benefits . Having the authoritative power to
manager helps them to manage their work within the organisation in effective manner.
 Legitimate power- this type of power refers to the power of position or the availability
of role from the manager of the organisation (Hameed and et.al., 2020).
 Reward power- this type of power is refers to power of the manager. They use their
power to provide the reward to those employees who perform their work in effective
and efficient way. The reward is provided to those employees in order to motivate them
towards the organisation. Kroger's manager develop many rewards schemes for their
employees in order to motivate them so that their working efficiency or performance
could improve.
 Referent power- this type of power is related to the manager personality. The manager
personality has attracted or motivated the employees which make the work easy for the
manager because of personality the employees present within the organisation are
attracted towards the manager.
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 Informational power- this type of power is refer to the knowledge of manager. As
knowledgeable manager solve the difficult problem too smoothly within the
organisation.
 Expert power- this type of power is related to those power which included to the
manager due to their work experience (Asrar-ul-Haq and Anwar., 2018).
Kroger's manager used this power to develop the effective strategies in order to take considerable
decision for making effective or positive environment within the organisation.
M1 Critically analysing how culture, power and politics of the organisation may influence
individuals performance or team behaviour
It has been seen that many organisation throughout the globe decrease their productivity
or efficacy of the company when the politics, culture as well as power of the organisation is not
evaluated properly. Kroger's manager has used their power, culture at the workplace due to
which the number of employees present within the organisation are demotivated because they
use their power in negative manner. Every organisation have involvement of some politic which
influence the organisational business. In case politics increased within the organisation then
productivity or the efficiency of employees are reduced. Management of conflict are also very
important for the growth of the organisation. Therefore, manager must have knowledge of
modern solution (Shepherd and et.al., 2019).
TASK2
P2 Assess the process and content theory
Motivation is a feeling of an individual which can be influence by the organisation to
accomplish their goal or objectives of the organisation. The most important valuable aspect of
the organisation is motivation. Therefore, it is the most essential need for modern day business.
Various types of employees are present within the organisation to accomplish the work of the
organisation. Each employees have different needs or requirements which need to be considered
by the management team. Therefore, it is significant duty of the manager to analyse their
employees needs and desires and try hard to fulfil their needs or desires. So that the employees
can stay within the organisation for a long period of time. Motivation play a crucial role on the
development as well as the performance of the employees. When an employee of the
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organisation get motivation then they perform their work to the full efficiency in order to
accomplish the target of the organisation (Bergh and et.al., 2019).
As it is the most successful method to develop energy as well as to boost confidence of the
employees to do work towards the organisational benefits. Kroger's is one of the boosting
supermarket which have many branches throughout the world. Therefore, large number of
employees are working together within the organisation. It is very essential to motivate those
employees towards the work to achieve high level of profits. The manager of the organisation
has developed many strategies within the organisation in order to motivate their subordinates
towards the organisational objectives. There are two types of motivation such as intrinsic and
extrinsic motivation.
Intrinsic motivation Extrinsic motivation
This is the type of motivation which is comes
in an individuals from the inner personality.
This types of motivation is very rare.
This types of motivation is comes from an
individuals from the external source as it
requires others personality involvement for the
motivation.
Motivational theories
various type of motivational theories are present within the market place. The motivation
theories are developed by an expert in order to clear the concept and understanding of the
motivation including their importance (Aboelmaged and Hashem., 2019).
Maslow's Hierarchy theory: The most significant or valuable theory of motivation is Maslow's
theory and it is developed by Abraham maslow and he was a famous American philosopher. He
stated in the theory is that there are five hierarchy stage is required to an individuals in order to
get motivation. The theory state that the motivation is basically based on the individuals needs
and desires. The theory state that manager of the organisation have to fulfil the needs and desires
of their subordinates in order to motivate them. The small explanation over the different stages of
this model in context of Kroger are given below:
 Physiological needs- one of the very first stage of Maslow need hierarchy theory and it
trade with the basic necessity of the employees. The basic necessity may include food,
water,shelter, clothes as well as many other things. Therefore, Kroger's manager have a
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responsibility to manage the all basic necessity of their employee in order to motivate
them to focus on their performance to enhance the growth of the organisation.
 Safety and security needs- one of the second stage of Maslow need hierarchy theory and
it is related to the safety and security of the employees within the organisation. There are
many different types or risk are associated within the organisation such as accidents as
well as financial security. Therefore, the manager of Kroger has a responsibility to
provide their subordinates a considerable amount of compensation in order to manage
their safety. It is essential for the manager to provide insurances to their employees
(Aggarwal and Singh., 2018).
 Social needs- one of the third stage of the Maslow theory. This need is introduce in an
employees when they get satisfied from the above mentioned needs. An employee need
include love, friendship as well as belongingness of someone. Furthermore, the manager
of Kroger's duty to support those culture in an organisation which promotes employees
relations, belongingness as well as friendship at the workplace of an organisation.
 Esteem needs- some individuals have high esteem or self-determination demand.
Employees get motivation when they get high respect or self- esteem. The self-esteem is
developed within the individual when they have not any problem. In order to increase
motivation towards the employees, the Kroger's manager provide appraisals or
recognition to their employees each year.
M2 Critically measure the application of theories which influence others behaviour
The theories which are discussed are the most essential theories of motivation which
helps the management team to provide a motivation to their employees which enhance the
productivity as well as efficiency in the work. In order to manage the team motivation this
theories involvement is necessary within the organisation (White, Habib and Hardisty., 2019).
TASK3
P3 Explain the effectiveness and ineffective team importance
Manager of the organisation develop a bunch of people together to work as a team in
order to accomplish the task within the specified time. It is very crucial for the manager to
develop an effective team to do the specified task in effective manner. Hence, there are basically
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two types of team one is effective team and the other one is ineffective team and are discussed
below.
Ineffective team- it refers to those team member who does not have any motive as well as
objectives to do the task. All the member present in this group are irresponsible about their
objectives. Due to this type of behaviour, there is increase in chance of conflicts and disputes
between the team member because the member involve in this group have different mindset.
Effective team- it refers to those team member who have specific goals as well as objectives
towards their life. The member present in this team are responsible and have similar kind of
mindset, so there are less chance of conflict to arise between the team member (Van Eeden and
et.al., 2018).
Tuckman theory of team development
This theory is given by Bruce tuckman in 1965. This is basically considered as a model
for team management and it explain that team are build with those people who are expert in a
particular areas. The Tuckman theory involves five key stage which are discussed below:
 Forming- it is the most early stage of the theory for team development. According to this
theory, a task or activities are assign to a particular team which are required to be
performed. The activities includes in a particular stage are gathering, planning as well as
the combination of data. In this stage, the different people from different backgrounds
are come together to performed a specific task in specific time period.
 Storming- during this stage, the formed team start sharing their thoughts, ideas as well as
task to one another in order to complete the task. The chances of conflicts or dispute
between the team member are arise because all the member in the group are expressed
their thoughts or ideas at the same time.
 Norming- due to circumstances of some rule and regulation by the manager of the
organisation, the team member are ready to agreed to do the task within the time period.
 Performing- this stage of Tuckman theory identified as great level of independence,
motivation, competence as well as knowledge.
 Adjourning- last stage of Tuckman theory of team development and in this stage the
team member are seperated after the accomplishment of task.
Team member play a crucial role within the organisation in order to complete the task of
different backgrounds within the particular time. Kroger's manager should have to follow this
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theory in order to build the effective team to complete the task in specified time for
organisational benefits (Kirschner and et.al., 2018).
M3. Analysing the effective theories of team development
The main effectiveness of theory of team development is helpful in improving the
relationship between the team member. It is also important in ensuring that the member within
the team are working together to accomplish the goal of the organisation.
TASK 4
P4. uses of philosophies and organisational behaviour concept
In context to Kroger, the manager of the organisation may use the some concept or
theories which are describe as:
 Business condition- In context to Kroger, the present scenario of the company is not
good. The company is facing some disruption in communication process within the
employees which make a huge impact on the performance of the employees within the
organisation. Therefore, in order to undertake such situations, the manager of the
organisation may use Path Goal Theory which are discussed:
Path Goal Theory may focus on the leadership style in order to fulfil organisational objectives. In
relations to Kroger, the manager motive is to enhance the motivation of the employees as well as
providing the high level of satisfaction in order to accomplish organisational objectives (Antunes
and Pinheiro., 2020).
Concept of Path Goal Theory
 Characteristics of employees- the higher level of managers improve their knowledge in
context of their employees need and requirements in order to motivate them for achieving
the organisational targets in effective time as well as in effective manner.
 Environment and task features- according to this features, the manager of Kroger's are
mainly concentrate on the areas from which the issues arise at the work place. The higher
level of manager's motive to solve the conflict which arise at the workplace within the
organisation. This concept of understanding may solve the problem and enhance the
productivity of the employees within the organisation.
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 Behaviour of leadership- during this stage, the manager of an organisation may like to
implement those leadership style from which they get huge number of manpower among
with other factors.
From the above discussed theory, the Kroger's manager is focus to implement those style or
name which are mentioned above. The motive is to focus on the organisational benefits as well
as the performance of the employees.
M4. Investigation and measurement of the concept and philosophies impact behaviour
From the above description, it has been evaluated that organisational behaviour is basic
concept which involves Path Goal Theory in order to enhance the employees performance
towards the organisational objectives. The organisational behaviour includes many components
such as task, manpower, characteristics of employees as well as leadership style (Dwivedi and
Weerawardena., 2018).
CONCLUSION
From the above discussed project report, it is concluded that the individual behaviour
have an impact on business performance. Therefore, it is very essential to analyse the basic needs
and requirements of the employees in order to enhance the performance of the employees
towards the assign task. Along with that the concept and philosophies are used by the manger to
facilitate their employees needs or requirements. It is also concluded from the above project that,
when an organisation are having the effective team member then company would be able to
function in proper ways or in effective manner.
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