Analysis of Low Cost Airlines and Customer Satisfaction Research

This report investigates the relationship between low-cost airlines and customer satisfaction, employing a descriptive research design. The study utilizes both primary and secondary data, collected through surveys administered to customers and employees of airlines in the UK and Europe, alongside information gathered from journals and online resources. The research employs a positivism approach and deductive method, with simple random sampling for participant selection. Data analysis incorporates both quantitative and qualitative techniques to ensure data integrity, while ethical considerations are addressed throughout the research process, including obtaining consent and avoiding harm to participants. The conclusion highlights the significance of the research findings and the methodologies employed in the study.

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A LOW COST AIRTLINE AND RELATION TO CUSTOMER SATISFACTION
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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Research Design..............................................................................................................................2
Research Approach..........................................................................................................................3
Research Method.............................................................................................................................3
Data Collection process...................................................................................................................4
Sampling Design..............................................................................................................................5
Sampling frame................................................................................................................................5
Sampling Technique........................................................................................................................6
Sampling size...................................................................................................................................6
Data Analysis...................................................................................................................................6
Reliability........................................................................................................................................7
Validity............................................................................................................................................7
Ethical issues...................................................................................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................8

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Chapter 3: Research Methodology
Introduction
This chapter explains about the methods taken for conducting this particular research that
aligns with the study of the low cost airline and relation to customer satisfaction. Both the
primary and secondary data had been collected for gaining knowledge about this specific
research study. Different tools had been applied for completing this research study such as –
research philosophy, research approach, research design, data collection process and sampling
design.
Research Design
Research design is the process that is applied for assessing different variables of the
research problem. There are three main kinds of research design such as –explanatory,
exploratory and descriptive (Flick 2015).
Exploratory research design facilitates to explore the circumstances in order to provide
insights about this research study (Creswell 2013). This design aids to clarify theories and
formulate issues in precise way. Explanatory research design signifies an attempt to relate with
human thoughts for understanding cause and effect of relationship. Descriptive research design
focuses on the attitude of respondents with much precision.
In this study, descriptive research design had been applied for investigating the impact of
low cost airlines on customer satisfaction. This kind of design had been applied in this study
since it facilitates to describe as well as validate the research findings. On the contrary,

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explanatory and exploratory design was not used for this research because it involves modest
samples which are not selected on probability basis.
Research Approach
Research philosophy is the approach that helps to classify principles of research by using
various aspects of study. There are four broad categories of research approach such as-
positivism, interpretivism, realism and pragmatism.
Positivism approach explains about data collection and positive facts attributed from the
empirical data (Myers, Well and Lorch 2013). This approach considers present concepts for
conducting testing of hypothesis. Interpretivism approach relates to the type of approach that
mainly depends on social science and is adopted in the study by using qualitative research.
Realism approach typically assumes various approaches to facts of developmental activities.
Pragmatism approach aids to assess theories or concepts applied in research.
In this study, positivism approach had been adopted since it follows well defined
framework and mainly depends on quantitative data (Terrell 2012). However, the data obtained
for this research helped to determine the actual effect of low cost airline on customer satisfaction.
Interpretivism approach was not used in this study as this relates to subjective approach and
might include researcher’s biasness. Even Realism approach was not implemented since it does
not depict actual facts of research study.
Research Method
Research Method is broadly categorized into two types- deductive method and inductive
method. Inductive method mainly aims to investigate new theories and shifts specific

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observations to bigger theories. On the other hand, deductive method is mainly concerned with
developing and testing of hypothesis in order to plan as well as formulate research strategy in
accurate way.
For this study, deductive method was used for this research study since it is the effective
method of testing hypothesis and thus helps to determine hypothesis by using present concepts or
theories. On the contrary, inductive method was not used for this research because this method
sometimes provides incorrect results (Panneerselvam 2014).
Data Collection process
The information obtained for revealing authenticity of the research study basically
depends on collection of accurate data. Data is usually collected by using two methods, which
includes- primary and secondary data. Primary data is generally obtained from surveys;
observations etc. whereas secondary data is mainly gathered from journals, newspapers, internets
etc. Brannen (2017) opines that primary data is more reliable as compared to secondary data as it
provides inadequate and inaccurate data
For this research study, both primary as well as secondary data had been collected in
order to attain accurate outcome of the research. The primary data was collected through survey
methods and interviews. However, the researcher had prepared a set of questionnaire relating to
this research topic and was given to the customers and employees of some airline companies
situated in UK and Europe. Both the employees as well as customers were chosen in order to
take their different views on this topic and investigate on it. Near about 50 surveys were
conducted for investigating the influence of low cost airline on the customer satisfaction.

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Furthermore, secondary data was collected through journal articles , textbooks, online, online
resource and so on (Maxwell 2012).
Sampling Design
Sampling design relates to a sampling technique which involves few components of the
total populations in a sample. There are various types of sampling design method such as –
stratified sampling, simple random sampling, cluster sampling and so on. It is mainly used in
research for selecting subsection of few elements from the overall target population. Besides this,
it also facilitates to draw conclusions on the total population. For this research study, simple
random sampling had been selected by the researcher. Simple random sampling refers to the
samples which are selected randomly from a large population, thereby every individual are
provided equal opportunity to be chosen for the research. By selecting this sampling design, it
helped the researcher to select some customers as well as employees of few airline companies
from a large population. Thus, it became easier to complete the research study in less time.
Sampling frame
Sampling frame relates to the data set which is used to identify the sample population.
However, the researcher chooses potential respondents from the large population. In addition to
this, location is also considered as an important parameter in choosing the sample from the target
population. In this case, the total individual list could not be obtained since few individuals had
preferred to remain anonymous. As the airline enterprises were located in UK and Europe, the
sampling procedure was conducted in these locations.

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Sampling Technique
There are two types of sampling techniques such as- probability sampling and non-
probability sampling. Probability sampling includes random selection of some units from total
population where each unit has the probability to be chosen. On the other hand, non- probability
sampling relates to non random procedure of the unit selection from large population.
For this research study, probability sampling technique had been chosen in order to attain
accurate outcome in research. Moreover, simple random sampling had been selected since it had
been considered as the fair procedure of choosing customers and employees of few airline
companies from a large population.
Sampling size
Sample size usually determines act of choosing total respondents from large population.
This is usually an attribute in research study for drawing conclusion about the individuals
selected from total sample (Thompson 2013). For conducting this research study, near about 100
employees and 100 customers were selected in order to highlight reflection of total population.
Data Analysis
It is considered as important element in research for assuring data integrity and attaining
accurate outcome. In this study, both quantitative as well as qualitative data was selected in order
to analyze the research study in proper way and provide correct results.

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Reliability
The data gathered for doing the research should be checked for reliability in order to
ensure that correct outcome will be obtained at the end of research. In this case, secondary data
was collected from authentic source and websites in order to attain accurate results of research.
Validity
The validity of research and data collected should not exceed its limit. For ensuring that
data will produced at specified time. In this case, the researcher had maintained validity while
doing the research.
Ethical issues
The researcher had also maintained ethics while conducting this research study. The
consent of boith employees and customers were taken for doing this research. Even the
researcher had maintained that the employees and customers emotions were not harmed while
conducting this study.
Conclusion
As the researcher had conducted both primary as well as secondary data , it helped in
coming fo accurate outcome of this research. In fact, the survey questionnaire was prepared by
keeping in mind the employees and customers emotions was not hurt. However, ethical issues
was also maintained for commencing this study.

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References
Brannen, J. ed., 2017. Mixing methods: Qualitative and quantitative research. Routledge.
Creswell, J.W., 2013. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods
approaches. Sage publications.
Flick, U., 2015. Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research
project. Sage.
Levy, P.S. and Lemeshow, S., 2013. Sampling of populations: methods and applications. John
Wiley & Sons.
Maxwell, J.A., 2012. Qualitative research design: An interactive approach(Vol. 41). Sage
publications
Mitchell, M.L. and Jolley, J.M., 2012. Research design explained. Cengage Learning.
Myers, J.L., Well, A.D. and Lorch Jr, R.F., 2013. Research design and statistical analysis.
Routledge.
Panneerselvam, R., 2014. Research methodology. PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd..
Terrell, S.R., 2012. Mixed-methods research methodologies. The qualitative report, 17(1),
pp.254-280.
Thompson, W. ed., 2013. Sampling rare or elusive species: concepts, designs, and techniques for
estimating population parameters. Island Press.