Analysis of Cerebrovascular Accidents: Risk Factors and Management

This report provides a comprehensive overview of cerebrovascular accidents (CVAs), focusing on both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. It details the risk factors associated with each type, including hypertension, cholesterol levels, and lifestyle choices. The pathophysiology of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes is explained, highlighting the mechanisms of blood flow disruption and vessel rupture. Clinical manifestations such as sudden weakness, confusion, and speech difficulties are outlined, along with diagnostic studies like CT scans, MRI, and EEG. Nursing and medical management strategies are discussed, including positioning, prevention of complications, and various interventions like thrombectomy, anticoagulants, and blood pressure management. The report references several studies to support its findings and provide a thorough understanding of CVAs.

Nursing and medical management strategies
There are some of the nursing and medical
management may include positioning, preventing
adduction, preventing enema, regain balance,
personal hygiene and full range of
emotion (Lennon and et. al., 2018).
There are some of the treatment and intervention
for haemorrhagic stroke which may include
thrombectomy, anticoagulants, statins, carotid
endarterectomy, blood pressure medicines, and
thrombolysis. This can be also managed through
vasopressors, resuscitation and blood transfusion
which can be effective in preventing and treating
acute coagulopathy of trauma (Chu and et. al.,
2018).
Diagnosis study
There is need to perform the
diagnosis which may include the
electrocephalogram (EEG) or lumbar
puncture which should be done to
confirm diagnosis of haemorrhagic
stroke (Kalani and et. al., 2020).
Here, Computed tomography (CT)
scan be widely considered as the
gold standard as the diagnosis of
haemorrhagic stroke.
There is need to perform diagnosis
for the ischemic stroke which may
include the Magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI) which are effective
and are associated with view of
arteries and veins to ensure about
the blood flow (Rafsten and et. al.,
2018).
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Javedani, P.P. and Zukowski, M., 2019. Cerebrovascular accident in a pediatric patient presenting with influenza. The Journal of Emergency Medicine, 57(1),
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Kalani, M.Y.S., Alsop, E., Meechoovet, B., Beecroft, T., Agrawal, K., Whitsett, T.G., Huentelman, M.J., Spetzler, R.F., Nakaji, P., Kim, S. and Van Keuren-Jensen, K.,
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Risk factor associated with haemorrhagic stroke
There are some of the risk factor which are associated with
haemorrhagic stroke which, may include hypertension,
excessive alcohol consumption, current smoking, drugs and
hypocholesterolaemia. This may also include the older age
which can include high blood pressure, excessive alcohol
intake and others.
Risk factor associated with Ischemic stroke
There are also some of the risk factor which are associated
with Ischemic stroke that may include increasing blood
cholesterol, increasing blood pressure, atrial fibrillation, carotid
stenosis which are casual risk factors (Keszler and et. al.,
2018). This are some of the risk factor which are identified due
to findings of the study of randomized controlled trials which
provides the outcomes that treating them can help to reduce
the risk of ischemic stroke (Zhu and et. al., 2019).
Cerebrovascular accidents (CVA) refers to the medical term which are associated with
stroke (Al-Sadawi and et. al., 2019). This happens when blood flow stops to get in part of
brain due to either rapture or blockage of blood vessels.
Types of CVA and its pathophysiology
There are two main type of CVA which includes ischemic stroke which causes due to
blockage and haemorrhagic stroke which caused due to rapture of blood vessels (Coles
and et. al., 2021).
Pathophysiology of Ischaemic stroke
Common pathway of ischaemic stroke can be due to lack of sufficient blood flow that can
perfuse cerebral tissue which causes due to narrowed or blocked arteries within brain.
Pathophysiology of Haemorrhagic stroke
Haemorrhagic stroke is form of stroke which occurs when blood vessel gets raptured within
brain or bleeds. It also interrupts the brains blood supply which can be due to bleeding
vessel that no longer carry blood to its target tissues (Merlino and et. al., 2019).
Clinical manifestations
This may include the sudden madness or
weakness of face, leg and arm. It can be
observed specially in one side of body. There is
also observation of sudden confusion, trouble in
understanding speech and speaking. It also
creates sudden trouble seeing one or both
eyes (Javedani and et. al., 2019). This may
include sudden weakness, confusion, sudden
trouble in walking, sudden dizziness, loss of
balance or coordination, trouble speaking severe
headache with unknown cause.
Concept mapping for the deteriorating patient