Danone Website Credibility and Nutritional Recommendations Report

This report critically evaluates the credibility of the Danone website's nutritional information for pregnant women. The assessment identifies issues with verifiability, lack of publication dates, outdated references, and a lack of comprehensive information. A comparison between the Danone website and the Ministry of Health New Zealand's recommendations reveals significant differences in food serving suggestions. The report concludes that the Danone website is not a reliable source of information for pregnant women due to its lack of credibility and inconsistencies with established guidelines. Furthermore, the report analyzes two literature reviews, highlighting both the alignment and contradictions between the Danone website's recommendations and established scientific research on pregnancy nutrition, including micronutrient needs, and the importance of a balanced diet.

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Assessment 1
The Danone website has low credibility for several reasons. First, the Danone website on
1,000days content lacks verifiability. The content contains several statements that are not directly
cited for referencing. The statements lack in-text citation that can direct a reader interested to
verifying the information or further reading to original research. Lack of in text citation denies
acknowledgement of original researcher work (Zhao, Cappello, & Johnston, 2017). Secondly, the
time of publication or last update is not indicated. The nutrition information keeps on evolving
that make old information absolute (Rowe & Alexander, 2017). The content can therefore not be
credible on basis of time. Thirdly, the references used at the end of the content are not the latest
research. All the references are more than 5 years old with one more than 10 year old. This
shows that the literature reviewed for the content is old and there is better up-to-date literature on
the topic. Another reason for low credibility is that the content is not comprehensive. The content
on the website does not provide links for further reading or detailed guide to other sources of
pregnancy nutrition (Diviani, & Meppelink, 2017). The content on Danone nutricia on nutrition
can be said thin, outdated and statements are not acknowledged directly to authors through in-
text citations.

Assessment 2
Similarities and differences between Danone Website and Ministry of Health Website
recommendation on food Intake during pregnancy;
Danone Website Ministry of Health New Zealand Website
3 Vegetable serving 4 vegetable serving
2.5 milk and milk products serving 3 milk and milk products serving
8.5 Grains serving 6 Grain Servings
3.5 Lean meat, legumes, chicken, eggs and
seafood serving
2 Lean meat, legumes, chicken, eggs and
seafood serving per day
2 Fruits Serving 2 fruits serving
Drink 9 glasses of water At least 9 cups of fluid
Recommends 400microgram of folic acid at
least 4 weeks to pregnancy and 3 months while
pregnant.
Taking 0.8 milligram/800microgram of folic
acid tablet for 1 month before pregnancy and
12 weeks after pregnancy.
Recommends 150ug of iodine every day
throughout the pregnancy
Taking 150micrograms/0.150 milligram iodine
during pregnancy and breastfeeding.
Assessment 3
I would not recommend Danone website to a pregnant woman. The Danone website
recommendations differ with the Ministry of Health New Zealand. The number of servings per
day differs by more than one unit. For instance, Danone website recommends 6 servings for
grains while the government websites recommends 8.5 servings that has 2.5 serving variance.

This shows that using the website as a point of reference can have implication to the expectant
mother as a result of increased uptake. Secondly, the information in Danone website is not linked
to it sources. There are no direct links for further reading and in-text citations made to statements
in the content that reduce facts traceability (Rekik, Kallel, Casillas, & Alimi, 2018). Thirdly, the
Danone website doesn’t have date on information publication and last update. The information
on the website cannot be determined when it was published or last updated. This means that it
not possible to determine if the information is up –to-date. This is different from the Ministry of
Health website where the information date of publication is indicted and last updates indicated
too. The information on Ministry of Health of New Zealand is verifiable by the links provided on
the content that can be traced to original research. Therefore, I will not recommend a pregnant
woman to use Danone website as a source of information because the credibility of the
information cannot be established.
Assessment 4
1st Literature
Marangoni, Cetin, Verduci, Canzone, Giovannini, Scollo, & Poli, (2016) stated that pregnant
women require special and defined diet to meet their body and baby nutritional requirements.
The research recommended that pregnant women should take 6 servings of starchy carbohydrates
every day. The starchy carbohydrates group includes fiber rich foods and whole grains. This
group of food should also contain one serving bowl cereal, one medium potato and one slice of
bread. The second group of food recommendation is vegetables and fruits. The authors
recommend at least 5 serving a day or more. The dairy foods that include cheese, yoghurt, and
milk should be 3 serving a day. The protein group food should have at least 2 serving a day. The

protein food includes poultry, fish, meat, and eggs. Fats and oils should be limited to 2 portions a
day. Oils and fats are required in small quantities. The journal warns that food with high sugar
and fats should be avoided (Marangoni et al., 2016).
The journal on nutrition for pregnancy both contradicts and supports the Danone website. The
journal supports the website information on supplementary diet for pregnant women. Marangoni
et al., (2016) states that pregnant women require 400 microgram of folic acid and 150 microgram
of iodine per day that is similar to recommendations outlined on the Danone website. The journal
also supports the Danone website nutritional information on plenty of water intake of 9 glasses
each day. The other supportive information from the journal to Danone website is the amount of
vegetables and fruits requirements. The journal supports 5 serving per day of fruits and
vegetables. Lastly, the journal supports Danone website warning to high sugars and fats intake to
women while pregnant.
On the other side, the journal contradicts the Danone website on the amount of food served per
day. First, the journal contracts on the amount of grain serve. The journal recommends 6 servings
while the Danone website recommends 8.5 serving. This shows a difference of 2 serving per day
between journal recommendations and Danone website. Secondly, the journal recommends 2
serving on protein which is different from the Danone website recommendations of 3.5. The
journal also contradicts the website recommendations on daily products serving. The journal
recommends 3 serving per day while the website recommends 2 serving. Lastly, the journal
contradicts the Danone website as it recommends fats and oil of 2 portions per day. This is
different to Danone website that completely warns against pregnant women taking oils and fats
("Nutrition while Pregnant | Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Australia", 2018). In addition,
the journal recommends 800micrograms of folic acid as a supplement one month before

pregnancy and twelve weeks during pregnancy. This is different to Danone website that
recommends only 400microgram of folic acid during the same time.
2nd Literature Review
Darnton-Hill, & Mkparu, (2015), in a research on micronutrient in pregnancy found that
pregnant women require specific micronutrient for healthy children. The authors recommends
healthy dietary pattern that includes vegetables, seafood, whole grains, fruits, and dairy products
in order to meet important micronutrient requirements during pregnancy. The authors found that
healthy dietary pattern for pregnant women has to include food that is rich in vitamins, fiber and
minerals and are essential to fetal growth. The authors also found that women have to gain
weight to support the life of the baby. Darnton-Hill, & Mkparu, (2015), concluded that pregnant
women require 300-500 extra calories to maintain energy requirement by the body.
Darnton-Hill, & Mkparu, (2015), both supports and contradicts the Danone website information.
First, the journal supports the outlined healthy diet. The journal states supports that vegetables,
dairy products, fruits, grains, proteins are important part of a healthy dietary during pregnancy as
outlined on the Danone website. The journal supports that pregnant women should have 3
serving of daily products as contained on the Danone website recommendations for expecting
mothers. Thirdly, the journal supports the Danone website on warning consumption of food with
high level of fats and sodium. The journal also warns on consumption of packaged or processed
food as noted in the Danone website. Lastly, the journal supports the Danone argument on
caffeine consumption. Caffeine consumption has negative effects to expectant mother and
therefore should not be taken in excess.

On the other side, the Darnton-Hill, & Mkparu, (2015), journal has several statements that
contradict with Danone website nutritional information for pregnant women. First, the journal
contradicts the amount to be served to expecting mother in several accounts. The journal
recommends 6 serving of whole grains while the Danone recommends 8.5 serving. The journal
recommends that pregnant women be get 3 serving for daily food while on the other side Danone
recommends for 2.5 serving per day. The journal also differs on the amount of protein to be
served per day. The journal recommends 3 serving while Danone website recommends 2 serving
per day. Secondly, the journal outlines the need to maintain low weight gain. This is contrary to
Danone website that does not offer advisory on expected weight gain and how to control it
during pregnancy.

References
Diviani, N., & Meppelink, C. S. (2017). The impact of recommendations and warnings on the
quality evaluation of health websites: An online experiment. Computers in Human
Behavior, 71, 122-129.
Darnton-Hill, I., & Mkparu, U. C. (2015). Micronutrients in pregnancy in low-and middle-
income countries. Nutrients, 7(3), 1744-1768.
Marangoni, F., Cetin, I., Verduci, E., Canzone, G., Giovannini, M., Scollo, P., & Poli, A. (2016).
Maternal diet and nutrient requirements in pregnancy and breastfeeding. An Italian
consensus document. Nutrients, 8(10), 629.
Nutrition while Pregnant | Danone Nutricia Early Life Nutrition, Australia. (2018).
Danonenutricia.co.nz. Retrieved 20 March 2018, from
https://www.danonenutricia.co.nz/first-1,000-days/pregnancy/
Rekik, R., Kallel, I., Casillas, J., & Alimi, A. M. (2018). Assessing web sites quality: A
systematic literature review by text and association rules mining. International Journal
of Information Management, 38(1), 201-216.
Rowe, S. B., & Alexander, N. (2017). Food and nutrition science communications: behind the
curtain. Nutrition Today, 52(3), 151-154.
Zhao, D., Cappello, A., & Johnston, L. (2017). Functions of uni-and multi-citations: implications
for weighted citation analysis. Journal of Data and Information Science, 2(1), 51-69.