BEA674 Data and Business Decision Making Project: Statistical Analysis

This assignment solution for BEA674, focusing on Data and Business Decision Making, presents a comprehensive statistical analysis. Part A examines secondary data on employment trends from 1994 to 2019, calculating and interpreting mean and range, along with graphical representations like histograms and line graphs to visualize the data. The analysis provides insights into employment fluctuations and the impact of government policies. Part B shifts to primary data, analyzing sleep patterns among young Australians through a survey. The study explores the impact of sleep on academic performance, health, and concentration, using a questionnaire to gather data on variables like gender, education, and sleeping hours. Statistical tests and visualizations, including tables, pie charts, bar charts, scatter plots, and correlation calculations, are employed to analyze the collected data. The findings are presented with explanations of the results, and the study concludes with a discussion of the relationship between sleep and various factors, along with a list of references.

BEA674 Data and Business Decision Making
Semester 1, 2020
__________________________________________________
Group Assignment Cover Sheet
Student #1
Name: _____________________________________________________________________
ID: ________________________________________________________________________
Student #2
Name: _____________________________________________________________________
ID: ________________________________________________________________________
Student #3
Name: _____________________________________________________________________
ID: ________________________________________________________________________
Student #4
Name: _____________________________________________________________________
ID: ________________________________________________________________________
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PART A: Statistical Analysis Using Secondary Data
A.
(i)
The calculation of mean of employed total persons is as below
e.g. Show the calculation for numerical measure 1 here ……
Total number of observations = 300
Sum of all observations = 525260.6
Hence the mean = Sum of all observations/ total number of observations
= 525260.6/300
= 1750.869
Explain results ……..
It has been seen mean of the total number of employed people during the period of
1995 to 2019 is 1750.8659 per thousand populations. It shows the education condition
during that period.
(ii) The second numerical measure is range.
e.g. Show the calculation for numerical measure 2 here ……
Range is the difference between maximum and minimum point value.
Here
Maximum= 2039.163
Minimum= 1459.82
Hence Range = maximum – minimum
= 2039.163-1459.82
= 579.2821
Explain results ……..
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The result shows the range of employed people during the period of 1994 and2019.
It has been seen that the range of employed people during the period of 1994 to 2019 is
579.2821 per thousand.
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B.
(i)
e.g. Paste chart here.
1400 to 1600 1600 to 1800 1800 to 2000 2000 to 2200
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
Histogram on Employed total
Class
Frequency
Explain the results ……….
The above figure shows the histogram of employed people during 1994 to 2019. In
the figure X-axis represent the class and the Y- axis represent the frequency. The data
has been converted in to 4 groups. It has been seen that the highest frequency occurs
during 1800 to 2000 class.
(ii)
Paste chart/table type 2 here.
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Jan-2019
Feb-2019
Mar-2019
Apr-2019
May-2019
Jun-2019
Jul-2019
Aug-2019
Sep-2019
Oct-2019
Nov-2019
Dec-2019
1850.0
1900.0
1950.0
2000.0
2050.0
Line graph on Employed data on 2019
Month
Frequency
…
Explain the results …….
The above figure shows the line graph of employed people on 2019, monthly basis.
In the figure X-axis represent the month of 2019 and the Y-axis represent the
frequency. From the figure it has been seen that up to month of November the
employees are fluctuated and decreases. But after the month of November it is
gradually increases.
C.
…………………………………………. etc
The study analyse the total employment during the period of 1994 to 2019. The
above analysis finding the mean employee per thousand and range of employee per
thousand from the total population. Moreover the in the graphical representation
shows the histogram of total employee and line graph of employee in the last year of
the study. It is good to see that the total employed people after December 2019
gradually increases. At that time government of Australia take some important step
and policy. Which are shown in the figure (Hunter 2018). It has been seen that he 2011
Work and Careers in Australian Universities survey of staff in 19 universities provides
data from more than 3000 casual academic staff analyse the job satisfaction and the
incidence of the ‘frustrated academy (May, Peetz and Strachan 2013)
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PART B: Statistical Analysis Using Primary Data
Task 1.
The purpose of our survey is to ………………………….. ………………………………………………
………………… etc.
The study is based on hours of sleep among young people of Australia. Every species need
sleep, and human on an average use one third of their life asleep (Wolniczak et al. 2017). The aim of
this study is to define the impacts of sleep on human body and their academic performance. In
general everyday person need on an average of 6 hours sleep (Nuutinen et al. 2015). With the help
of questionnaire survey there is a sample of 50 observations has been collected. Moreover, this
study illustrate on due to lack of sleep will affect or not on student’s grade, health and
concentration. For human body when the time of sleep reduce at that time the human body respond
for initiate sleep. For initiate sleep the human brain increase the feeling of sleep. Decreases persons
sleep decreases the ability, heath and wealth condition in generalThere are various statistical test
and visualizations has been conducted on this study. A questionnaire with 10 questions has been
prepared to collect the data. Moreover in this questionnaire direct question and likert questions are
available.
Task 2.
*See submitted Pdf. file titled ‘Part B Survey Questionnaire’.
Task 3.
* See submitted Excel file titled ‘Part B Survey Data’.
Task 4.
Variable (a): Gender.
Reason: Gender is the most important variable in the every research. There are two variable
has been taken male and female. It is help to analyse the gender differentiation among the
subject.
Variable (b): Education
Reason: The study is based on sleeping hour of student. So education means study is the
important factor to analyse that is there is differentiation among gender and education.
Variable (c): Marital status
Reason: The variable marital is also an important factor. Because there are some students
which is married. But also they continue their study, it is good to see is a person married or
before married is there any effect on education and sleep hour.
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Variable (d): Hosteller or non-hosteller.
Reason: In general it has been seen that the people from hostel are sleep less hour as
compared to other. The reason for selecting the variable is to test that is there any
differences of sleep hour among hostellers and non-hostellers.
Variable (e): Sleeping hours at exam period and all over the session.
Reason: In general it has been seen that the sleeping between exam session and all over the
session has a big difference. The students are sleep less time during the exam session as
compared to all session. So the reason for selecting this variable is to determine is there any
differences of sleep hours between the exam session and all over the session.
Variable (f): Concentration on study
Reason: The reason for selecting the variable concentration on study is that to determine
the about the lack of sleep that affects the ability to concentrate or not.
Variable (g): Result or grade.
Reason: The reason for selecting the variable result is that to determine due to a lack of sleep
effect on the grade or marks. Some people called that who sleep less this people are study more
time and their result good. Other people called due to less sleep the student fail in the exam. So the
reason is that is there any effect or not in their grade.
Variable (h): Health
Reason: The health is the most important factor of human life. The reason for selecting the
variable health is that to determine due to a lack of sleep affect or not in physical health.
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Task 5.
(a)
Table ?: …………
… ….
. .
. .
Sleeping hour
during the exam
seeion
Mean 2.32
Standard Error 0.14
Median 2.00
Mode 2.00
Standard
Deviation 1.02
Sample Variance 1.04
Kurtosis -0.99
Skewness 0.27
Range 3
Minimum 1
Maximum 4
Sum 116
Count 50
(Explain the results as shown above)
The total number of observations in the study is 50. The summary measure has
been conducted on sleeping hour during the exam session. It has been seen that the mean
of the variable is 2.32. Similarly the median and mode is 2 and2. The standard deviation is
1.02. Since the mean value is larger than the median. Hence the skewness of the variable is
positive.
(b)
Insert a copy of your pie chart here…….
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40%
36%
24%
Pie chart on Stream
Arts
Science
Commerce
(Explain the results as shown above) …………… etc
It has been seen that the highest percentage of student belong from arts background and
the smallest percentage of the student respondent belongs from commerce background. The
percentage of students which belong from commerce background is 24%.
(c)
Insert a copy of your side-by-side bar chart here ….
4 to 5 5 to 6 6 to 7 more
than 7
0
4
8
12
16
20
Bar Chart on Sleeep hour
during all session
Time
Frequency
4 to 5 5 to 6 6 to 7 more than 7
Bar cahrt on sleep Hour
during exam session
Time
(Explain the results as shown above) …………… et
It has been that the most of the student sleep during all the session is 5 to 6 hours.
Similarly the minimum number of students sleep during all the session is 7 hours. The number of
frequency or the respondent who sleep 5 to 6 hours is 19 and the number of frequency or the
respondent who sleep more than 7 hours is 8. The number of respondent who sleep 6 to 7 hours is
lesser than 6 respondent of the 5 to 6 hours. Similarly most of the respondent favor to sleep 4 to 5
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hours during the exam time or session. The lowest number of respondent has been seen in this
class the class of more than 7 hours. The number of respondent or frequency who sleep 4 to 5
hours during the exam session is 18. Similarly the number of respondent or young people who
sleep during the exam session in the class more than 7 hours is 8. Moreover the number of
respondent in the class of 6 to 7 hours is more than 2 hours from the class of more than 7 hours.
(d)
Insert a copy of your scatter plot here
(Explain the results as shown above) …………… etc
The scatter plot shows the relationship between exam result and time of sleep. In
the X-axis represent the time and the Y-axis represent the result. It has been seen that
there is a positive relationship between the two variables.
(e)
Show your step-by-step calculations here
N= 50
Numerator = 97.6
Denominator = 248.4
r = 0.39
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(Explain the results) ……………………. etc..
It has been seen that the correlation coefficient is 0.39 which is positive. Thus this means
that the relationship between grade and sleep hour is positively related.
(f)
Show your step-by-step calculations here ……………………..
Let the sleep hour is 6 hours
X= 4
Mean = 2.6
Standard deviation = 1.2
Z= X- mean / standard deviation
= 1.17
P (X= 4) = P (Z=1.17) = 0.87
(Explain the results) ……………………. etc..
The probability of mean sleep hour all over the session 6 hours is 0.87.
Task 6.
Show your step-by-step calculations here ……………………..
Null hypothesis: There is no relationship between the sleep hours all over the session and
during the exam session.
Alternative hypothesis: There is a relationship between the sleep hours all over the session
and during the exam session.
Numerator= 610.34
Denominator= 204.46
Test statistic (t) = 2.98
P-value = 0.07
Alpha = 0.05
(Explain the results) ……………………. etc..
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It has been seen that the P-value is higher than the alpha at 5%. Hence the null
hypothesis is statistically significant. Thus it may be summarized that there is no
relationship between the sleep hours all over the session and during the exam session.
Hence the variable is statistically independent.
Task 7
The study is based on hours of sleep among young people of a selected locality in Australia.
Sleep can be defined as” Food for brain” (Wolniczak et al. 2017). With the help of questionnaire
survey there is a sample of 50 observations has been collected. Moreover, this study illustrate on
due to lack of sleep will affect or not on student’s grade, health and concentration. For human body
when the time of sleep reduce at that time the human body respond for initiate sleep. For initiate
sleep the human brain increase the feeling of sleep. Decreases persons sleep decreases the ability,
heath and wealth condition in general. There are various statistical test and visualizations has been
conducted on this study. A questionnaire with 10 questions has been prepared to collect the data.
Moreover in this questionnaire direct question and likert questions are available. The questionnaire
survey and data analysis gives a suitable picture of the study. The collection and processing in to a
spread is an interesting part of the study. The statistical representation of testing and graphical
presentation increase the priority of the study (Nuutinen et al. 2015). The results of the study are
common and general. The relationship and significance testing all the analysis. The graphical
representation helps to determine and visualize the study.
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List of References and Bibliography (Harvard)
……… etc
Branch, M., 2014. Malignant side effects of null-hypothesis significance testing. Theory & Psychology,
24(2), pp.256-277.
De Winter, J.C., 2013. Using the Student's t-test with extremely small sample sizes. Practical
Assessment, Research, and Evaluation, 18(1), p.10.
Hunter, B., 2018. Indigenous Australians in the contemporary labour market.
Leng, Y., Cappuccio, F.P., Wainwright, N.W., Surtees, P.G., Luben, R., Brayne, C. and Khaw, K.T., 2015.
Sleep duration and risk of fatal and nonfatal stroke: a prospective study and meta-analysis.
Neurology, 84(11), pp.1072-1079.
May, R., Peetz, D. and Strachan, G., 2013. The casual academic workforce and labour market
segmentation in Australia. Labour & Industry: a journal of the social and economic relations of work,
23(3), pp.258-275.
Nuutinen, T., Roos, E., Ray, C., Villberg, J., Välimaa, R., Rasmussen, M., Holstein, B., Godeau, E., Beck,
F., Léger, D. and Tynjälä, J., 2014. Computer use, sleep duration and health symptoms: a cross-
sectional study of 15-year olds in three countries. International journal of public health, 59(4),
pp.619-628.
Wolniczak, I., Cáceres-DelAguila, J.A., Palma-Ardiles, G., Arroyo, K.J., Solís-Visscher, R., Paredes-Yauri,
S., Mego-Aquije, K. and Bernabe-Ortiz, A., 2013. Association between Facebook dependence and
poor sleep quality: a study in a sample of undergraduate students in Peru. PloS one, 8(3).
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