BN208 Networked Application: Data Centers - Operations and Scalability

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of data center networking, defining data centers as interconnected networks of storage, computational resources, and their operations. It details the purpose and field of data centers, the working model including the three-tier architecture, and scalability issues, highlighting the challenges posed by increasing cloud service demands. Key features such as security, availability, compliance, environmental considerations, power management, and network operation centers are discussed, along with the weaknesses related to server communication, security concerns, and infrastructure costs. The report also addresses socio-technical aspects, emphasizing energy efficiency, data security, staff training, and the importance of in-house expertise for successful data center management. Task 2 includes a presentation summarizing the key points. Desklib offers this and other solved assignments to aid students.

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Table of Contents
ntrod ctionI u ........................................................................................................................................................... 2
Task 1..................................................................................................................................................................... 2
ield and P rpo e o t e ata enterF u s f h D C .................................................................................................................2
or in model o t e ata enterW k g f h D C .....................................................................................................................2
cala ilit i e in ata enterS b y ssu s D C .........................................................................................................................3
eat re o t e ata enterF u s f h D C s..............................................................................................................................3
ea ne o t e ata enterW k ss f h D C s...........................................................................................................................5
ocio Tec nical a pectS - h s s......................................................................................................................................5
Ta Pre entationsk 2 ( s )..............................................................................................................................................6
oncl ionC us ............................................................................................................................................................ 19
e erenceR f s............................................................................................................................................................ 20

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ntrod ctionI u
T i paper intend to di c a o t t e data center and di c it di erent operation T e datah s s s uss b u h s uss s ff s. h
center i de ined a t e o e o net or tora e and comp tational re o rce ic are interconnected its f s h h us f w k, s g u s u s wh h w h
t e elp o a net or connection T e re o rce o t e data center are interconnected it eac ot er t eh h f w k . h s u s f h s w h h h by h
elp o data center net or T e ro in demand o t e clo d er ice a led to increa e t e needh f w k (DCN) [1]. h g w g f h u s v s h s s h
and e icienc o connectin a lar e n m er o er er T e data center i di ided in to t ree tier a ed on t eff y f g g u b f s v s. h s v h s b s h
tree net or topolo and it incl de t ree net or itc e T e t ree net or itc e are a re atew k gy u s h w k sw h s. h h w k sw h s gg g ,
acce and core la er T ere are a o t data center in A tralia ic incl de t e data center oss y s. h b u 236 s us wh h u s h s f
dne ri ane Mel o rne Adelaide and Pert T e e ample o amo A tralia a ed data center areSy y, B sb , b u , h. h x s f f us us b s
ini o dne lo al itc dne e t lo al itc dne a t T and omm nicationEqu x f Sy y, G b Sw h Sy y W s , G b sw h Sy y E s , NEX DC VOCUS C u s
T i report o ld di c a o t t e p rpo e or in model cala ilit i e eat re and ea ne and[2]. h s w u s uss b u h u s , w k g , s b y ssu s, f u s w k ss
ocio Tec nical a pect o t e data center t can e concl ded t at t i report o ld e e ecti e in pro idinS - h s s f h s. I b u h h s w u b ff v v g
all t e a pect o data centerh s s f s.
Task 1
ield and P rpo e o t e ata enterF u s f h D C
T e p rpo e o data center net or in i to pro ide accommodation to m ltiple data center tenanth u s f w k g s v u s
it di erent t pe o o T e er er in c a net or are t e con tit ent t at pro ide er it t ew h ff y s f j bs. h s v s su h w k h s u s h v us s w h h
er ice re e ted t em T e data center net or are compo ed o t e er er t at mana e t e o ands v qu s by h . h w k s f h s v s h g s h j b
attend t e re e t o t e client t contain itc e or connectin t e de ice and t e ro ter or t es h qu s f h . I s sw h s f g h v s h u s f h
p rpo e o or ardin t e pac et t al o contain t e controller ic are ed or mana in t e or lou s f f w g h k s. I s s h s wh h us f g g h w kf w
amon t e net or de ice and t e ate a t at er e a t e nction et een t e data center T eg h w k v s h g w ys h s v s s h ju b w h s [12]. h
ield o data center i concerned it t e arc itect re operation and t e rele ant er ice T e application aref f s w h h h u h v s v s. h s
compo ed o m ltiple n m er o o t ic r n a in le component T e ield o application o data centers f u u b f h s s wh h u s s g . h f f f
o ite ac p T e or ani ation are concerned a o t cri in to t e ac p er ice it t e elp o dataffs b ku . h g z s b u subs b g h b ku s v w h h h f
center ac p can e ta en in com ination it t e location tape and local er er on t e tape T e a ic. B ku s b k b w h h s s v s h . h b s
application o t e data center are M and P temf h s CR ER sys .
or in model o t e ata enterW k g f h D C
T e data center are centrali ed area ere e ipment or net or in and comp tin are tored andh s z wh qu f w k g u g s
t e are ed or collectin proce in torin di tri tin and pro idin acce to t e re ired data th y us f g, ss g, s g, s bu g v g ss h qu [14]. I
contain a lar e n m er o er er or t e etter operation and t i er er are tac ed in ro T datas g u b f s v s f h b h s s v s k ws. hus

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center are al o re erred to a er er arm T e in ra tr ct re allo t e lar e n m er o er er eins s f s s v f . h f s u u ws h g u b s f s v s b g
controlled mall n m er o peopleby s u b f .
T e a ic operation i dependent on t e or in et een t e client and t e er er in a net orh b s s h w k g b w h s h s v s w k
in t e net or re o rce T e re o rce on t i net or are li el to are a mappin tem ic ius g h w k s u s. h s u s h s w k k y sh g sys wh h s
common or e er one and t e are a ed on t e tandard o net or in tec nolo ie T e map arin if v y h y b s h s s f w k g h g s. h sh g s
a ed on t e t ernet nternet protocol and di erent net or in topolo ie or t e modern net or inb s h E h , I ff w k g g s f h w k g
tem t e t e la er P addre or t e P ro tin ic are de i ned or pro idin a tran itional or ardinsys . I us s h y I ss h I u g wh h s g f v g s f w g
a ent T i a ent re ired in t e proce i called ro ter t allo t e mo in o pac et to data n t eg [4]. h s g qu h ss s u s. I ws h v g f k s . I h
ne t tep t e T P and P protocol i ed t e ro ter or pa in t e data pac et to eac ot er T e commonx s h C I s us by h u s f ss g h k h h . h
tec nolo o data center t at can e ed in t e operation i called t ernet t i tili ed or connectin t eh gy f h b us h s E h . I s u z f g h
de ice it eac ot er it t e elp o media acce control or t e MA addre T e e a ic net or inv s w h h h w h h h f ss h C ss. h s b s w k g
tec nolo a e peci ic limitation ic can e o ercome in additional protocol ome o t e e ampleh gy h v s f wh h b v by us g s. S f h x
o t i additional protocol are pen lo and A t can e aid t at t e e component are e icient inf h s s O F w VXL N [3]. I b s h h s ff
ormin t e in ra tr ct re or t e operation o t e data center it t e de elopment o t e tec nolo ie li ef g h f s u u f h f h s. W h h v f h h g s k
irt ali ation t e need o t e e component are li el to e l illed t e recentl de eloped o t arev u z h f h s s k y b fu f by h y v s f w [13].
cala ilit i e in ata enterS b y ssu s D C
T e cala ilit i de ined a t e a ilit o t e net or to con tr ct and e pand it t e elp o t eh s b y s f s h b y f h w k s u x w h h h f h
de i n ic t at can pro ide accommodation to t e ne de ice and t e increa e tra ic it o t a in ans g wh h h v h w v h s ff s w h u h v g y
impact on t e application T e cala ilit o ld not a e e ect on t e co t per port and or lo o t e datah s. h s b y sh u h v ff h s w kf w f h
center T e proce o calin i e pected to e linear in t e conte t o co t and t e per ormance. h ss f s g s x b h x f s h f [8].
T e cala ilit i t e i e t c allen e or t e data center net or connection T e increa e in t e eh s b y s h b gg s h g f h w k . h s h us
o clo d er ice a e led to t i i e t re ire t e data center to cale p t e n m er o t e node icf u s v s h v h s ssu . I qu s h s u h u b f h s wh h
are t o and in t e n m er n order to ac ie e i er cala ilit t ere i a need or t e data center net orh us s h u b . I h v h gh s b y, h s f h w k
to deli er a and idt o i cro ection T e c rrent data center arc itect re ic are a aila le iv b w h f h gh ss-s [5]. h u h u wh h v b s
t ree tier arc itect re T i arc itect re pro ide i o er cription ratio and poor cro ectionh h u . h s h u v s h gh v -subs ss s
and idt T e e o lat t ree data center net or can o er cription in ratio o and cro ectionb w h. h us f f h w k v subs f 1:1 ss s
and idt ic i er i t ace i e o lo cala ilit ic i limited to total n m er o cell T eb w h wh h s v y h gh. I f s ssu f w s b y wh h s u b f . h
recommendation or a oidin t e i e o cala ilit i e o cell a it can o er more cala ilit T ef v g h ssu f s b y s us f D s ff s b y. h
limitation o cell i t at it pro ide ad per ormance in t e condition o net or load T e i e i o nd to ef D s h v s b f h f w k . h ssu s f u b
i in t e ca e o one to man net or er iceh gh h s f y w k s v .
eat re o t e ata enterF u s f h D C s
ec ritS u y

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T e ec rit i an important eat re o data center net or in T e in ra tr ct re o data center areh s u y s f u f w k g. h f s u u f
ilt in t e ec re tr ct re and in t e a e one T e ec rit incl de t e m ltiple ec rit la er iometricbu h s u s u u h s f z s. h s u y u s h u s u y y , b
acce control or t e emplo ee and t e contractor ideo r eillance in data center T e data centerss f h y s h s, v su v s. h s
en re t at t e acce i pro ided to onl t e a t ori ed and appropriate people T e detail o acce aresu s h h ss s v y h u h z [6]. h s f ss
retained and lo ed and t e lo in detail are a ed in t e data a e o t e data center T e data center ogg h gg g s s v h b s f h s. h s f
t e A tralia c a ini o dne lo al itc dne e t lo al itc dne a t T andh us su h s Equ x f Sy y, G b Sw h Sy y W s , G b sw h Sy y E s , NEX DC
omm nication are i l ec red T e eo rap ical location o t e e data center are al o in t eVOCUS C u s h gh y s u . h g g h s f h s s s h
main area o dne ri ane Mel o rne Adelaide and Perts f Sy y, B sb , b u , h.
A aila ilitv b y
T e tandard data center are red ndant to po er ppl and climate control T e a aila ilit oh s s u w su y . h v b y f
re o rce and a ora le eat er condition en re t e proper or in o t e critical er ice pro ided t es u s f v b w h s su s h w k g f h s v s v by h
data center T e a aila ilit o ac p can elp a a moti atin actor in t e per ormance o peci ics [15]. h v b y f b ku h s v g f h f f s f
mi ion critical er ice and r ent data operationss s v u g s.
omplianceC
t incl de t e internal and e ternal a dit o t e client T i eat re elp t e data center toI u s h x u s f h . h s f u h s h s
demon trate compliance to t eir tandard and commitment T e e ternal a e ment ed t e datas h s s s. h x ss ss us by h
center are t o per ear T i compliance eat re elp in acce in t e acilitie o t e data centers w y . h s f u h s ss g h f s f h s [7].
n ironmental eat reE v F u s
T e data center a e tarted in t e cold ai le control tem con iderin t e en ironmentalh s h v s us g h - s sys s g h v
a pect in t e mind t e a mi o mec anical coolin and climate coolin to enerate rea ona le con i tents s h . I us s x f h g g g s b , s s
and e ecti e condition o en ironment T e data center o A tralia are implementin t i tec ni e orff v s f v . h s f us g h s h qu s f
ein taina le and e t T e net or in data center o dne and ri ane e t i tec nolo ie or t eb g sus b b s . h w k g f Sy y B sb us s h s h g s f h
e icient en ironmental conditionff v s.
Po erw
T e data center are in m ltiple po er eed rom n m er o di erent o rce T e data centerh s us g u w f s f u b f ff s u s. h s
are al o a ailin ac rom t e m ltiple n m er o die el po er enerator and P in order to a oid t es v g b k f h u u b s f s w g U S v h
it ation o po er lo T e i e o po er lo can a ect t i e data center and t e er ice pro iders u f w ss [16]. h ssu f w ss ff h s hug h s v v s
and client to a lar e e tent T t i eat re are e ecti e in a oidin t e po er lo condition in t e mi ions g x . hus h s f u ff v v g h w ss h ss
critical operation.
et or peration enterN w k O C s

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T e data center operation re ire t e eat re o t e et or operation enter in order to en reh qu s h f u s f h N w k C s su
t e etter per ormance o t e center t i ed to en re t e tandard o ec rit and a i tance to t e clienth b f f h s. I s us su h s s f s u y ss s h
re e t T e e perienced team o net or operator are a i ned to eac data center T e data center oqu s [9]. h x f w k ss g h s. h s f
A tralia are li el to a e in o e net or operation team or in tant pportus k y h v -h us w k f s su .
ea ne o t e ata enterW k ss f h D C s
T e ea ne o t e data center are t at one to one comm nication it t e er er and t e client ih w k ss f h s h u w h h s v h s
red ced T ere are peci ic ec rit related i e a t e dependenc on t e data er ice pro ider areu . h s f s u y ssu s s h y h s v v
increa in T e ot er ea ne are in ra tr ct re creation and e pendit re o co t T e c allen e t at ares g. h h w k ss f s u u x u f s . h h g s h
aced t e data center are d e to nat ral calamitie operation mode and t e climate condition Tf by h s u u s, s h s [11]. hus
it i recommended to t e et p t e data center at t e a ora le location T e c allen e are aced en t es h s u h s h f v b s. h h g s f wh h
location o t e data center are at er di tance rom t e net or t can ca e tro le to t e in o ef h s v y s f h w k hub. I us ub h -h us
e ec ti e rom t e net or in teamx u v s f h w k g .
ocio Tec nical a pectS - h s s
T e ocial a pect o t e data center net or in are e icienc in ener con mption monitorin oh s s s f h w k g ff y gy su , g f
t e data center capacit plannin and per ormance mana ement T e tec nical a pect o t e data centerh s, y g f g . h h s s f h
net or in are data ec rit real time data reportin and re o rce mana ement T e data center o ldw k g s u y, g, s u g . h s sh u
a e independent in ra tr ct re and acilitie ic are not o t o rced T e ot er a pect are maintaina ilith v f s u u f s wh h u s u . h h s s b y
and t e comp teri ed maintenance proce T e ocial a pect o t e data center are t at t e ta o ld eh u z ss. h s s s f h h h s ffs sh u b
trained and o ld e ept near to data center T e net or in team and e perti e o ld e a aila le insh u b k s [10]. h w k g x s sh u b v b
t e data center t can pro ide etter per ormance and aided ac p to t e center T e l illment o ocialh . I v b f b k u h s. h fu f f s
and tec nical a pect o t e data center are ected to cce l operation and mana ement and datah s s f h s subj su ssfu g
center t can en ance t e deli er o t e er ice to t e ario data pro ider and clo d er ice pro ider T e. I h h v y f h s v s h v us v u s v v . h
tec nical a pect are capa le o pro idin t e alit to t e er ice and net or in re irement o t eh s s b f v g h qu y h s v w k g qu s f h
clients.

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Ta Pre entationsk 2 ( s )

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oncl ionC us
t can e concl ded t at t i paper i e icient in pro idin t e report on t e data center net or in tI b u h h s s ff v g h h w k g. I
de ine t e data center a t e o e o net or tora e and comp tational re o rce ic aref s h s h h us f w k, s g u s u s wh h
interconnected it t e elp o a net or connection T e re o rce o t e data center are interconnectedw h h h f w k . h s u s f h s
it eac ot er t e elp o data center net or T e report pro ide t e detail a o t t e p rpo ew h h h by h h f w k (DCN). h v s h s b u h u s
and ield o data center and t e or in model o t e data center t pro ide t e t ree tier in ic dataf f h w k g f h . I v s h h s wh h
center net or in in ra tr ct re id di ided t i e ecti e ile e plainin t e cala ilit i e in data centers w k g f s u u v . I s ff v wh x g h s b y ssu
and it de ine cala ilit a t e a ilit o t e net or to con tr ct and e pand it t e elp o t e de i n icf s s b y s h b y f h w k s u x w h h h f h s g wh h
t at can pro ide accommodation to t e ne de ice and t e increa e tra ic it o t a in an impact on t eh v h w v h s ff s w h u h v g y h
application t al o pro ide a n t ell de cription o t e eat re and t e ea ne o t e data center ins. I s v s u sh s f h f u s h w k ss f h
net or in T e eat re o data center de cri ed in t i paper are a aila ilit po er en ironmental a pectw k g. h f u s f s b h s v b y, w , v s s,
compliance and ec rit T e paper end it pro idin t e ocio tec nical a pect o t e data centers u y. h s w h v g h s - h s s f h s.
T ere ore it can e mmari ed t at t i paper appropriatel ill trate t e concept o data center and ith f b su z h h s y us s h s f s
a pects s.

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e erenceR f s
[1] ari Md ai l ao o ta a a ael te e i andro am enedetti ran ille Ma im Podle n MdB , F zu , R uf B u b , R f Es v s, L s Z b G v , x s y,
olam a ani i an and Mo amed aten ani " ata center net or irt ali ation AG R bb , Q Zh g, h F Zh , D w k v u z :
r e "su v y,
omm nication r e T torial
IEEE C u s Su v ys & u s no15, . 2, 2013: 909-928.
[2] lia o ic mitr Pa cal o r and amee lla an " data center ener e icientK z v h, Dz y, s B uv y, S U h Kh , DENS: gy- ff
net or a are c ed lin "w k- w s h u g,
l ter comp tin
C us u g no16, . 1, 2013: 65-75.
[3] en an iaodon an i i and iaor i an " oint po er optimi ation o data centerZh g, Ku gyu, X g W g, L L , X u W g, J w z f
net or and er er it correlation anal i " nw k s v s w h ys s, I
M Proceedin
INFOCO , 2014
gs IEEE pp, . 2598-2606.
IEEE, 2014.
[4] Perell ordi al atore padaro er io icciardi a ide are lio pin Pen e a e a atió, J , S v S , S g R , D v C g , Shu g g, R z N j b ,
eor e er a et al "All optical pac et circ it itc in a ed data center net or or en ancedG g Z v s , - k / u sw h g-b s w k f h
cala ilit latenc and t ro p t "s b y, y, h ugh u ,
et or
IEEE N w k no27, . 6, 2013: 14-22.
[5] Port an ialin i incent i a een r arma and Ar ind ri nam rts, D RK, J L , V L u, N v K Sh , v K sh u hy, " e i ninD s g g
i tri ted tem in Appro imate nc ron in ata enter et or " nD s bu Sys s Us g x Sy h y D C N w ks, I
NSDI pp, . 43-57, 2015.
[6] Porter eor e ic ard tron at an arrin ton Ale orencic Pan en n Ta ana o in, G g , R h S g, N h F g , x F h, g Ch -Su , j R s g,
e aia ainman eor e Papen and Amin a datY sh hu F , G g , V h ,
nte ratin micro econd circ it itc in into
I g g s
u sw h g
t e data center
h ol no A M. V . 43, . 4. C , 2013.
[7] i on in on i i epen in and ie an en "M clo d o t are de ined m lti ite dataL u, Zh gj , Y g L , L Su, D g J , L gu g Z g, 2 u : S f w f u -s
center net or control rame or or m lti tenant " nw k f w k f u - , I
A M MM omp ter omm nication
C SIGCO C u C u
e ie
R v w ol no pp A M, v . 43, . 4, . 517-518. C , 2013.
[8] en Min ai in on an en and ictor M e n " na lin tec nolo ie or t re data centerCh , , H J , Y gg g W , V C L u g, E b g h g s f fu u
net or in a primer "w k g: ,
eee et or
I N w k no27, . 4, 2013: 8-15.
[9] ao an in in r en ataramani and re ramaniam "A comparati e anal i o dataY , F , J gx Wu, Gu u V k , Su sh Sub , v ys s f
center net or arc itect re " nw k h u s, I
omm nication
nternational on erence on
C u s (ICC), 2014 IEEE I
C f pp, .
3106-3111. IEEE, 2014.
[10] ilal a i Marc Man ano amee an e i alle e in i and Al ert oma a " n t eB , K sh f, z , S U. Kh , Eus b C , K q L , b Y. Z y , O h
c aracteri ation o t e tr ct ral ro tne o data center net or "h z f h s u u bus ss f w ks,
Tran action on lo d
IEEE s s C u
omp tin
C u g no1, . 1, 2013: 1-1.
[11] en en en on an i Pen an inmin en and n ei ao " olla orati e net orCh , Zh , W yu D g, H g L , g Zh g, X g Ch , Ju w C , C b v w k
ec rit in m lti tenant data center or clo d comp tin "s u y u - f u u g,
T in a cience and Tec nolo
s ghu S
h gy no19, . 1,
2014: 82-94.

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[12]de o a o to odri o te ano ecci Mi el lia Mitre ampi ta and enri e MacielS uz C u , R g , S f S , gu E s C s , Luís H qu
o mal i o ta " elia ilit and r i a ilit anal i o data center net or topolo ie "K s sk C s , R b y su v v b y ys s f w k g s,
o rnal o
J u f
et or and tem Mana ement
N w k Sys s g no24, . 2, 2016: 346-392.
[13] e ane o eil a a Amin Tootoonc ian and a ar an ali " n cala ilit o o t are de inedY g h, S h H ss s, h , Y sh G j , O s b y f s f w - f
net or in "w k g,
omm nication Ma a ine
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