Introduction to Research: Data Analysis and Experiment Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of a research study focused on data collection, implementation, and analysis. The study begins with data collection from various sources, including universities, malls, and organizations, using surveys to gather information on topics like internet censorship. The collected data undergoes preprocessing to handle missing or invalid entries, followed by feature selection to reduce data dimensionality. The research employs a hybrid methodology, combining quantitative and qualitative data through questionnaires. The experiment design includes demographic information and survey questions related to internet access, censorship awareness, and user satisfaction. The implementation phase involves data storage, software utilization, and statistical analysis of the survey results. The report presents the findings, including results estimation and a summary of the data analysis, with the goal of providing insights into user perceptions of internet censorship and suggesting potential policy implications. The study uses a statistical approach to evaluate the research findings.

Assignment 1
INTRODUCTION TO RESEARCH

Assignment 2
Contents
1. Collection of data.....................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Sources of Data..................................................................................................................................3
1.2 Data Collection..................................................................................................................................3
1.3 Storage of Data..................................................................................................................................5
2. Implementation and Design....................................................................................................................6
2.1 pre-processing of data.......................................................................................................................6
2.2 Feature selection or reduction in the dimension...............................................................................7
2.3 Experiment designing........................................................................................................................7
Design Steps in detail...........................................................................................................................8
Results of Experiment..........................................................................................................................8
2.4 Implementation...............................................................................................................................10
Use of Software and other Tools.......................................................................................................10
3 Result Analyses.......................................................................................................................................15
3.1 Results Estimation...........................................................................................................................15
3.2 Results Summary.............................................................................................................................15
4. Outline of Experiment and Result Analysis............................................................................................15
References.................................................................................................................................................17

Assignment 3
1. Collection of data
Data collection is referred to as the scheme or a process to permit the research and the gathering
of the data; this process has a basic principle of data gathering, to extort and acquire the data
from the information and understand it into it into the evidence, so as to guide judgment making
in relation to the main topic under conversation and to pass on the information to all other
individuals who require such information. They also gather the data according to the information
as provided (Friedl, et. al., 2010).
1.1 Sources of Data
Before conduction of this study, a research has to be carried out about all the problems, design of
the experiments and the sources from where the data has to be collected in order to carry the
study further and to reach a conclusion. Individuals with every group are selected as information
related to different topics is available over the internet and thus used by every age group. In this
research professional, students and common people are included (Weise et. al., 2010).
 Malls or Parks
 Universities and Schools
 Organizations
1.2 Data Collection
The table presented below shows the sources of the data and the place from where the data had
been collected and the type of data collected its pattern and the charges applied on conducting
the following research.
Data Source
Name
Source
Organization
(universities,
malls and
organization)
Data
Description
Data File
Format
Charge Fee Target Data
Source
Data 1 Public How many
users Have
access to
txt Free Yes

Assignment 4
internet?
Data 2 Public How many
users are
aware of the
concept of
Internet
censorship?
txt Free Yes
Data 3 Public How many
users think
that Internet
Censorship is
required?
txt Free Yes
Data 4 Public How many
users think
that the
censorship on
the internet
plays an
important role
in
maintaining
the data and
information
safety over
the internet?
txt Free Yes
Data 5 Public How many
users think
that The
increase in
the
digitalization
txt Free Yes

Assignment 5
over the
internet has
given rose to
the issues in
the internet
censorship?
Data 6 Public How many
users are
satisfied with
the policies
and laws of
governments
of Australia,
China and
South Africa
in order to
maintain the
internet
censorship?
txt Free Yes
1.3 Storage of Data
After completion of previous table the next process is to insert the collected data in to the table
shown below. This table shows the data which are in raw format as I obtained from the
respondents. In this table an overview is provided of the number of the data and the source file so
that it will be helpful in future. This will help in the future for retrieval of the information.
Data Source
Name
Date of
Collection
Saved file
Location
Saved File
Name
Saved File
Format
No. of Data
records
Survey from
schools and
1/6/2016 //raw data/ Survey.txt txt 50

Assignment 6
Universities
Survey from
Organization
s
1/9/2016 //raw data/ Survey.txt txt 10
Survey from
Malls or
Parks
1/1/2017 //raw data/ Survey.txt txt 40
2. Implementation and Design
The further task is implementation in design in the research. This task is divided into various sub
parts like pre processing of data, experiment designing, feature selection and finally
implementation.
2.1 pre-processing of data
Data pre-processing stage is considered as quite important because all the individuals do not
actively make participation in the process of research i.e. answering of questionnaires and also
all the individuals do not fill the questionnaires fully. So, it becomes quite important to make an
understanding of the raw data in order to make a filtration and to avoid the data which can be
void. This will help in proper arrangement of data and thus recording of the data which can be
considered proper in to a new file.

Assignment 7
2.2 Feature selection or reduction in the dimension
After the stage of pre-processing of data, the next stage is to make a selection of various features
from the new data obtained through pre processing and thus make a reduction in the vague data
by making a proper observation. The table presented below is showing the reduction in the
dimension of the data and thus this will help in making various analysis and evaluations
regarding the research process.
Date Data
Sour
ce
Nam
e
Purpose of
Preprocessi
ng
Method
of Pre
Processi
ng
Origin
al
Data
Recor
ds
Origin
al
Featur
es
Result
Featur
es
Result
s Data
Recor
ds
New Data
File Name
2/1/20
17
Data
1
Evaluation
of missing
data
Data
filtering
250 116 10 10 Final_survey
.txt
2/1/20
17
Data
2
Avoid void
data
Reductio
n in Data
80 45 - - Final_survey
.txt
2/1/20
17
Data
3
Selection of
feature
Integrati
on of
Data
90 38 - - Final_survey
.txt

Assignment 8
2/1/20
17
Data
4
Filtration of
data
Reductio
n of Data
85 42 - - Final_survey
.txt
2/1/20
17
Data
5
Evaluation
of missing
data
Integrati
on of
data
55 33 - - Final_survey
.txt
2/1/20
17
Data
6
Avoid void
data
Reductio
n of Data
40 22 8 4 Final_survey
.txt
2.3 Experiment designing
Research approach is a way that ropes the investigator to oversimplify the data and make specific
finish at the end of the do research. There are two types of research approaches such as inductive
and deductive approach. In this, inductive approach is a building theory approach that helps the
researcher to generate the theories based on then data which is collected. The inductive approach
also helps the researchers in making conclusions in a meaningful way at the end for the
evaluation. This approach is time consuming as it requires proper planning (Williams, 2011). On
the other side, Deductive approach works in a more general way and thus the researcher can
easily develop an understanding about the test and the survey in order to draw the conclusions.
Design Steps in detail
Experiments and research are always depending upon the methodologies carried. The
methodology which is selected in this particular assignment is Hybrid methodology. Hybrid
Methodology has both quantitative and qualitative data and thus helps in attaining better results
from the experiment. Firstly the data has been collected and then evaluation has been made on
the basis of the questionnaires. There are 6 questions in the questionnaire and these questions
will provide the result of research. Before conducting of research there are some features which
are like age, sex, background of occupation etc (Francis et. al., 2010).
These features will help in making an idea of the choices of individual and their behavior and
thus feature selection can easily be done. Statistical method has been used in order to make the
record of the evaluation of research.
Results of Experiment
The steps of preparing of questionnaire are depicted in the figure below-

Assignment 9
Information on Demographics
Sex Female
Male
Age 18-24
25-35
36-48
48-55
Education High school
College Diploma
Under Graduation
Masters
Background Student
Homemaker
Businessman
Employee
Survey Questions

Assignment 10
These are the demographic factors and main questions of the questionnaires in order to make an
evaluation-
Question1 How many users Have access to internet?
Question2 How many users are aware of the concept of Internet censorship?
Question3 How many users think that Internet Censorship is required?
Question4 How many users think that the censorship on the internet plays an
important role in maintaining the data and information safety over the
internet?
Question5 How many users think that The increase in the digitalization over the
internet has given rose to the issues in the internet censorship?
Question6 How many users are satisfied with the policies and laws of governments of
Australia, China and South Africa in order to maintain the internet
censorship?
2.4 Implementation
Use of Software and other Tools
The next stage is the stage of implementation. After making a design for the research the next
step is to implementation of research (Wu, X. et. al., 2014). This requires maintaining each and
every record in order to make an evaluation and thus use of data in a proper way.
Demographic information records - Total respondents = 100
Features Responses
Sex
Male
Female
55
45
Age
18-24
25-35
36-48
20
40
25

Assignment 11
Over 48 15
Education
High school
Diploma
Under Graduation
Masters
15
25
40
20
Background
Student
Homemaker
Businessman
Employee
40
20
15
25
55%
45%
Sex
Male
Female

Assignment 12
20%
40%
25%
15%
Age
18-24
25-35
36-48
Over 48
15%
25%
40%
Education
High school
Diploma
Under Graduation
Masters