Development of an Effective Database System: Challenges and Solutions

This report delves into the development of effective database systems, addressing the challenges and best practices associated with their creation. It examines various database types, including hierarchical, network, relational, and object-oriented databases, highlighting the complexities of data management, scalability, security, and integration with advanced technologies. The report emphasizes the importance of the Software Development Life Cycle (SDLC) in mitigating risks and ensuring desired outcomes. It further explores the problems inherent in database system development, such as dynamic system natures, design complexities, and compatibility issues. The research discusses the theoretical framework, including the challenges faced by database developers and the impact of various techniques. The literature review covers insights from various researchers on database development approaches, scalability, security, and the application of techniques like database refactoring, agile data modeling, and testing procedures. The report concludes with a discussion on the best practices for effective database development, emphasizing refactoring and its benefits in improving development approaches and securing database systems.

Development of an appropriate and effective database
system
First A. Author, Univeristy name, Student ID
Abstract- The foremost determination of this
paper is to focus on the best practice in the
development of an appropriate and effective
database. This research article will be discussing
the challenges associated with the use of the
development of an appropriate and effective
database systems will be examined in this
research proposal. The paper will be having
numerous units and each of the unit will be
having its own significance.
Keywords- Network databases, Object
oriental databases, Software Development Life
Cycle.
I. INTRODUCTION
There are different types of process which are
required for the development of different types of
databases system such as the hierarchical
databases, network databases, relational databases,
object oriental databases, graph databases, Entity
Relationship databases and the document
databases. These databases are used in different
types of business organizations and are created
according to the needs and requirements of the
database administrators [8]. The creation or the
development of the different types of databases
have numerous complexities associated with them
such as the growing amount of the structured and
unstructured data which are circulated in the
working environment of the business organizations,
scalability issues of the organizational portal,
security of the data, decision criteria and the
integration of the different advanced technologies
with the databases. These challenges should be
mitigated in the first place so that the desired
results are obtained from these databases [17]. To
deal with these above discussed challenges, the
development procedure of the database should be
done in a very professional manner [2]. This paper
will be discussing the best practice in the
development of an appropriate and effective
database system.
The application of the software development
life cycle can be hugely important in the
development of an effective databases system as
the structured step wise can be useful in the
eliminations of the risks and the challenges
associated with the development procedure of the
databases systems [9]. The development of the
different types of database systems usually follows
the SDLC which is the Software Development Life
Cycle. The following unit of the paper will be
discussing the problems associated in the
development of an appropriate database system.
The following unit of the paper will be discussing
the problems associated with the development of an
effective database.
II. PROBLEM SPECIFICATION
There are numerous issues associated with the
development of databases systems such as the
dynamic nature of the system where the databases
is going to be incorporated, designing issues of the
databases, compatibility issues of the databases and
the other organizational assets in terms of the
complexities of data fetching and data retrieving.
Compatibility issues with the other components of
the system are a significant challenge for the
programmers of the databases [3]. The sudden
increase in the data volumes are also a source of
concern for the programmers of the databases as
any types of uncertainties in the data management
procedure may have a directive negative impact on
the efficiency and the productivity of the
organization [9]. Data Security is a very important
in the developmental phase of the databases as any
types of data alteration can have a destructive effect
on the system which is in association with the
database. The next segment of the paper is to focus
on the importance of this research paper.
III. IMPORTANCE OF THE RESEARCH
This research proposal will be highlighting best
practise in the development of an appropriate and
effective database system. This paper will be very
much useful for the readers of this document to
understand the importance which has to be given
during the development of an effective database.
The research questions will be presented in the
following unit of the paper.
IV. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The research questions which will be applicable
for this paper are as follows:
 What are the different developmental
approaches in the development of a
database?
 What are the challenges during the
development of an effective database
system?

 How can the impact of an effective
database system have measured?
V. THEORITICAL FRAMEWORK
This unit of the paper will be discussing the
frame of this research paper. The development of
different categories of databases will be evaluated
on the basis of the challenges faced by the
programmers while developing the databases.
Table 1: Theoretical framework of the paper
Best practise in the development of database
system
Challenges
in the
production of
the databases.
Different
techniques
used in the
development
of databases.
Measure
the
effectiveness
of the
databases
Compare all the above to understand the best
practise for the development of an effective
database system.
Review the comparison to find the impact of
the best practise.
The theoretical frame work of the paper will be
discussing the topic of the paper from different
perspectives. The challenges for the developers of
the database systems will be considered, along with
that the paper will be also highlighting the impact
of the different techniques used in the development
of the different types of databases [16]. The paper
will be also evaluating the impact of the different
types of databases which are used in different
business organizations [10]. The best practise in the
development of an effective management system
can be obtained from the above discussions. Based
on the above discussions there will be conclusive
unit which will review the best practise which will
be concluded from the above three sections of the
paper [4]. This theoretical framework of the paper
will be discussing all the aspects of the
development of the effective system. The following
unit of the paper will be data collection procedure
of the paper.
VI. LITERATURE REVIEW
According to Connolly and Beg (2015), there
are numerous challenges for the developers of the
databases such as the growing complexity in the
landscape of the organization which is planning to
implement a database for string their business data.
The researcher of the paper focussed on the
scalability issues of the databases which is a very
significant aspect for finding the best practise for
the development of an effective database. The
researcher of the paper focussed on the increasing
complexity for the programmers when the
relational database grows. The researcher stated
that any kinds of scalability issues may have a
direct negative impact on the growth and
productivity of the organization [11]. The
researcher of the paper also focus on the server
issues of the database systems as any kinds of
faults or errors in the database servers can have a
destructive impact on the data which are stored in
the databases. The researcher stated that the
concept of big data analysis can be really helpful to
deal with the scalability issue of the databases. The
researcher stated that the designing phase of the
databases has to be done using the IT governance
plan. The researcher of the paper focussed on the
horizontal and the vertical scaling techniques which
are applied during the development of the
databases. The researcher of this paper has explains
all the probable reasons behind the scalability
issues of the databases [15]. The other issues
which are faced by the developers during the
development of the database is the utilization of all
the available resources and the security of the data
which are already stored in the databases. The main
benefit of this paper is that it focuses on all the
issues which are generally faced by the developers
while the development of different categories of
resources [5]. However, the paper does not discuss
the ways by which these issues can be resolved.
Thus, the paper helps in understand the
complexities of the development procedure of the
databases.
As stated by Abadi, Madden and Lindner
(2016), there are different techniques which are
used in the development procedure of the
databases. The researcher stated that there are both
advantages and disadvantages for each of the
procedures used in the development of the
databases. This paper successfully highlights ways
by which databases can be developed such as the
database refactoring procedure, agile data
modelling, data normalization process and data
encapsulation [13]. The researcher of the paper
suggested that testing procedures can be applied
after the development of the databases which will
be useful to understand the efficiency of the
developmental procedure. The researcher of the
paper focuses on the application of the database
regression testing procedures which can be used to
find out the effectiveness of the database [9]. The
researcher of the paper stated that setting up of the
realistic primary key strategy can be hugely
beneficial for the programmers so that they can
modify the existing databases. The researcher of
this paper stated that the design procedure of the
databases is very much important for the long term
application of the databases. The subjects or the
entities of the table can be managed in a
professional manner is the designing protocols are
properly followed by the researchers. The main
advantage of the paper is that it focuses on all the
practices which can be considered by the database
programmers. The most significant unit of the

paper discusses the database development life cycle
which can be applied by most of the database
developers all around the world [8]. However, there
are few limitations of the use of the DDLC such as
the need of quality analysts in every step of DDLC;
this requires addition effort coming from the
management team of the organization. Thus, it can
be said that the best practise in the development of
an effective database system depends upon the
operational needs of the organization.
Figure 2: DDLC
As mentioned by Elmasri and Navathe (2017),
there are different types of business models which
are considered by the developers while designing
the different types of databases. The researcher of
this paper stated that different types of business
models are used in the development of the
databases such as the hierarchical database model,
relational model, network model, object oriented
database model, entity relationship model,
document model, entity attribute value model and
star schema [1]. The researcher of the paper also
states the importance of the three basic steps of
database design such as the concept modelling,
logical modelling and physical database design
[16]. The researcher of the paper focuses on the
relationship between the data entities, attributes,
relationships and constraints which are important to
be managed effectively so that the desired results
are obtained from the databases [7]. The main
advantage of the paper is that it focuses on all the
technical aspects of database development.
According to Coronel and Morris (2016), the
databases maintained by most of the organizations
must be properly updates in order to deal with the
security patches. The researcher stated that SQL
Query performance can be used by the developers
in order to track the performance of the databases.
The researcher focussed on other different
measures such as the multiple joins in a single
query, understand the nature of the raw data which
are bound to the database and the over use of the
multi statement table valued functions (TVF) which
can be used to identify any loop holes or weakness
in the database design [12]. The researcher of the
focused on the creation and use of indexes during
the developmental procedure of the databases.
A. Chapter Summary
Thus unit of the paper will be discussing the
best practise for the development of an effective
database. Considering all the above discussed
criteria for the development of an effective
database it can be said that the database refactoring
can be very much useful for the developers of the
databases as it will be used to improve the
approach of the developers who are planning to
implement a secured database system for a business
organization. The information semantics and the
behavioural semantics can be retaining using this
procedure [14]. The application of this process is
very much reliable in nature due to its
uninterrupted connection between the systems and
the applications [6]. The refactoring can be very
much significant to maintain data consistency in
the databases. Along with this developmental
procedure it can be said that the database
development life cycle can be used by the
programmer so that the effectiveness of the
database in maintained throughout its life cycle.
The following unit of the paper will be presenting
the empirical analysis techniques used in the paper.
Figure 2: Refactoring procedure
Figure 2: Connectivity in multi-application
environment

VIII. EMPIRICAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUE
The research philosophy which is considered in
this document is the realism which is considered as
a mixed approach of the positivism and
interpretivism.
The research design which will be followed in
this paper is the descriptive or the analytical design.
The main reason behind choosing this research
design is that it will be helping the readers of this
document to evaluate the discussions in a
professional way.
The data collection method which will be used
in this paper is from the secondary resources. Peer
reviewed scholar articles will be considered in the
literature review unit if the paper due to its
reliability. Primary data will not be used in this
paper.
The data analysis technique which will be used
in this paper is the quantitative data collection
procedure as this research paper does not include
any numerical evaluation.
The key findings of this paper will be presented
in the following unit of the paper
IX. KEY FINDINGS
As far as the findings have been confirmed, it
can be said that there are plenty of approaches
which are need to be taken by the developers of the
database systems. The key findings unit of the
paper also suggests that the designing and the
development of an effective database depends upon
the database development life cycle which has to be
maintained by the programmers as it is the best
practise for the development of an effective system
as it helps in maintaining consistency in each of the
phase of the designing. The paper also successfully
highlights the different types of complexities which
has to be pre-determined by the developers even
after selecting the best practise for the development
of an effective database. The different ways which
can be used by the programmers while designing
the database are database refactoring procedure,
agile data modelling and data normalization. The
paper also finds out the need of maintaining quality
analysts in every step of the DDLC which is a
significant limitation of every business
organization. The paper was very much useful to
understand the different types of business models
which are used in the development of the database
such as the hierarchical database model, relational
database model, network model and object oriented
database model. The paper is also very much useful
to understand the how the database can be
monitored and managed using the SQL Query
performance. The reasons behind the complexities
in the management of the databases can be also
determined from this paper such as the excessive
use of the multiple joins in a single query. The
paper finds the different ways by which the loop
holes in a database can be identified such as the
over use of the multi statement table valued
functions. The following unit of the paper will be
highlighting the conclusive units of this research
paper. The paper reaches its final unit in the next
segment of the paper.
X. CONCLUSION
The findings have suggested that there are few
aspects of database management which has to be
considered in the first place while designing an
effective database. The paper identifies the
compatibility issues of the database which has to be
managed well by the programmer so that the
desired results are obtained from the databases. The
paper discusses the different ways for the
development of a database, and among all the
different ways the data refactoring procedure can
be the best practise for the development of an
effective database as this procedure can improve
both the informational semantics and the
behavioural semantics. It can be said that this
procedure is very much useful to improve the non-
functional attributes of the software for which the
database is required. The source code
maintainability can be also improved using this
process. This is the best procedure for the
development of an effective system as this
procedure allows the programmer of the database
to make further adjustment if required.
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