Database System Research and Data Modeling for HW Company - 2019

This assignment solution addresses a database systems homework, focusing on two main parts. Part A involves researching the history of database systems, identifying and discussing three pivotal developments in database history, and proper APA-style referencing. Part B requires the creation of a complete Entity-Relationship Diagram (ERD) in Crow's Foot notation for the hypothetical HW Company, a startup selling spas, based on the provided business operations description. The company sources spas from multiple manufacturers, each producing different brands, and the ERD must accurately represent these relationships. The solution demonstrates an understanding of database concepts, historical context, and data modeling techniques.

Running Head: DATABASE SYSTEM
Database System
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1DATABASE SYSTEM
A database management system is the way of communicating with computer systems
stored memory, in the earlier days Punch Cards were used for the data storage purpose. Punch
Cards were used to give the input and output and was a very fast way to retrieve data as well as
enter it. A Database system allows the user to store, retrieve and modify data. Databases have
always been considered as the very important part in the recent evolution of computer systems. A
database with a collection of similar information can be organized into one and is known as
Database management system, wherein a user can extract specific information according to the
organization of data. In the 1960’s the development of computers were speed and flexibility
increased and was becoming popular, many types of general use database systems were created.
A demand for a standardized database system was rising and hence a group was formed by
Bachman known as the Database Task Group. A new language was designed and standardized
and was known as COBOL (Common Business Oriented Language). This standard was
presented by the group in the year 1971 and was also known as CODASYL. But as the time went
by the CODASYL approach was no longer popular as a simple DBMS as easier-to-work with
database systems came to the existence. The index card was always the predecessor of DBMS.
Charles Bachman on the year 1961 introduced the first data warehouse. This led
to an idea of database systems and in 1971 published a report of idea which introduces the
concept of data integrity, database schema, atomicity or entity and hence the network database
system architecture was described. During the period of 1965-1970 database systems were
divided to two basic prototype: Network (CODASYL database system) and hierarchical/tree
(IBM application). These two types of database systems had drawbacks and hence Edgar F.
Codd and IBM worker in 1970 came up with an idea of Relational database model. The main

2DATABASE SYSTEM
functions of all the database systems was storing data. An object-relational model development
was closely related with both the implementation models.
Entity-Relationship Diagram:
The figure below illustrates the Entity Relationship Diagram for the given HW Company
in Crow ’s Foot Notation.
Figure: Entity Relationship of HW Company.
Student ID: 123456
Full Name: XYZ.