University Report: Dementia and Its Effective Interventions Analysis

This report provides a literature review on dementia and its effective interventions, focusing on the experiences of patients and the challenges faced by caregivers. The study highlights the importance of understanding the disease, its impact on patients, and the need for effective care procedures. The report explores various databases and search strategies used to gather evidence, including Cochrane, CINAHL, Scopus, and PubMed. It emphasizes the significance of caregiver support, creating a comfortable environment, and effective communication with patients. The review also discusses the ethical considerations and the need for specialized training for healthcare professionals, particularly in orthopedic centers where patients with dementia are often admitted. The study underscores the need for improved care models and resources to address the growing number of dementia cases worldwide, especially considering the increasing rates of mortality and morbidity. The report also points out strengths and drawbacks of the existing literature.

Running head: DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
Dementia and its effective interventions
Name of the student:
Name of the University:
Author Note:

1DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
Importance of the study:
Dementia is a disorder of the brain which can be sub divided into several other
narrower categories. The effect of the disease can be for a prolonged period of time and effect
the life of the others associated with the people in their life (Bass et al. 2013, p. 1377). There
is no specific causation known for the occurrence of the disease. The situation of the patients
dealing with the disorder can be significantly decreased by their own involvement in the
recovery process (Prince et al. 2013, p.63). The people need to understand the drastic
influence that it has on them and have positive attitude towards the healing process (Digby,
R, Lee, S & Williams, A, 2017, p.1152). The person has to think the situational positions and
try to remember the happenings in their life, this enormously helps in the functioning of the
person on their day to day life (Jung 2015). The people dealing with the situation have
several symptoms that are not totally specific for dementia, this makes the condition difficult
to diagnose and treat. The intellectual functioning of the patients who are affected immensely
which leads to complexions like memory loss and lack of ability to recognize people.
The study is of major importance as the people suffering from the disorder can only
be given assistance by involvement of proper care procedure (Cahill O'Shea & Pierce 2012).
The disorder is known to effect more than fifty million people across the globe. The people as
a result of the disorder loose the interest in their own life. The people need to be given proper
assistance to get back to their normal life. The phenomenon is known to effect over ten
percent of the population at one point or the other in the people’s life. The medicines that are
available are known to effect the condition of the patients only mildly (Jeon et al. 2012,
p.508). Intervention of the recovery procedure by giving the patients proper care with the
help of a health personnel is known to be effective.

2DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
Search question for the purpose of literature review:
What are the experiences of a patient going through dementia?
Generalized search process:
The first and the most important part of searching a literature is to identify the broad
topic that has to be assessed. After the assessment of the topic a search strategy has to be
designed to commemorate the needs of the assignment. The search process should be done by
modifying the key terms if needed. The database has to be chosen in such a way that it has
the topics that has to be covered. The search has to be run and the topics that match the
concerned areas should be recovered for review purpose. The topics that are recovered should
be then studied and assessed (Wortmann 2012).
Steps to be followed to design the search strategy:
Several databases were used in the search process. Cochrane was used for getting
resources of articles based on evidences. CINAHL was used for searching nursing care based
articles. Scopus was used for reviews based on peer pressure and Pub-med was used for
searching experience of the patients suffering from dementia.
Summary of the available evidences:
Dementia has been under inspection for a long time all over the world, caregiving
procedure is the only effective way in which the recovery process can be effective
(Aminzadeh, et al 2012, p. 85). There are various known interventions that help immensely in
the recovery procedure of the patients that need assistance of a care giver. The caregivers
should maintain positive equations with the patients (Brooker & Latham 2015). The
caregivers should put in effort to revive the positivity in the patients as most of the time the
patients are found to be dealing with depression. The patients should not be affected by the

3DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
environmental distractions, the caregivers should establish a quiet and distraction free
environment to make the atmosphere comfortable for the sufferers (Kales et al. 2012, p.71).
The physical attributes of the patients should also be commemorated, with the development
of the condition the physical movement of the people suffering from dementia becomes
restricted, the caregivers should be able to analyze their disabilities and communicate with
them according to their needs. Communication should be done in an effective way, the
caregivers should ask questions to the patient in the simplest way possible (Eggenberger,
Heimerl & Bennett 2013, p.345). that is, the interaction should be done by using simple
words that can be easily understood by the patients (Cerejeira, Lagarto & Mukaetova-
Ladinska 2012). The sufferers are often found to be impatient and agitated, the caregivers
should evaluate the reasons of the patient’s condition. The environmental setup should be
changed in such cases to decrease the occurrence of the anxiety related problems (Mol,
Moser & Pols 2015). Incorporation of the above mentioned features is known to improve the
condition of patients suffering from dementia effectively.
Generalized critical review:
According to the authors, a large number of people aged over 60 years old are known
to be effected from the menace of dementia (Moonga, J & Likupe, G 2016, p.1789). The
estimated number of people who are dealing with the problem is about forty-eight million
across the globe. The number of patients of dementia increases by about 4.6 million every
year. The number is estimated to drastically increase with the upcoming years. It is examined
to triple in number by the year of 2050 (Moonga, J & Likupe, G 2016, p.1789). The older
population of people worldwide is at a higher risk. The mortality and morbidity rate is
tremendously increasing due to this reason. This is a major reason for the admission of the
patients of dementia in the orthopedic wards. The old people with dementia have a much

4DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
more restricted physical attributes, this situation as a consequence leads to several injuries all
over the body and hence require the patient’s admission in the orthopedic centers.
Key terms and their definition:
Dementia: A type of mental illness that effects the memory and thinking process of a
person suffering from it. it also majorly impairs a person physically (Kelly & Innes 2013,
p.61).
Medication: the process of usage pf medicines during treating a person suffering from
any disorder, be it physical or mental.
Care: The commemoration of necessities of the patients by protecting and supervising
them.
Experience: The feeling of suffering as a consequence of any ailment.
Review of the search material under consideration:
The material that has been chosen, deals with the treatment and care giving procedure
that the patients of dementia undergo during stay at the orthopedic centers (Moonga, J &
Likupe, G 2016, p.1789). The evidences that are illustrated in the material under inspection
were highly significant with the topic that is being studied. The size of the sample was 4738
patients which is large enough to deduce an inference on the subject. The materials were
searched on web from the research materials available in the journals from 2012 to 2017. The
authors of the material, deduce a notion of the ways in which the nursing takes place in such
health care centers and evaluates the necessities of the patients that are put emphasis on and
the necessities that should be given attention to. The methodology that the authors followed,
had the inculcation of literatures that were found by extensive web search which were done

5DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
with the help of MEDLINE, CINAHL, NHS evidence and several other websites like
Dementia and Alzheimer’s society and DoH.
The search done by the authors on the available evidences deduce that the most
important issues that are to be commemorated in case of the dementia patients are the
behavioral aspects of the patients, the lack of people in the setups who have the knowledge
about dementia. The strain that the nursing patients face is another reason for the reduced
support that the patients get. The confusions that occur as result of lack of the knowledge
about the mental illness is another major concern that should be taken care of.
The evidences that were studied by the authors on the abnormal behavior that the
patients have when they suffer from the menace of dementia. The status of the patients
deteriorates tremendously as the condition becomes acute within a short period of time. The
decline in the condition creates dilemma among the patients resulting in aggressive behavior
of the sufferers. The aggression that the people dealing with dementia show, is difficult to
assist by the health personnel who are present in the orthopedic centers (Givens et al. 2012,
p.905). The orthopedic centers are generally not well equipped and adapted to tackle the
patients of most of the mental ailments, it makes the scenario even more complex, it is
generally seen that the condition of the sufferers, decline as a consequence of lack of
understanding the environment (Dalby, Sperlinger & Boddington 2012, p. 75).
The condition not only declines the health of the patients but also deteriorates the
health of the caregiver. The nurses who provide assistance in the orthopedic centers are
generally specialized in handling the cases related to fracture and other physical deformities
(Dupuis et al. 2012, p.427). The patients have minimal experience of handling the mental
illness patients. The nurses are given theoretical lessons while in the degree course but
practically acknowledging them is difficult (Kontos & Martin 2013, p. 288). The different

6DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
types of patients found in the acute wards makes the duty of the caregivers much more
complex. This increases the work load among the caregivers and has a negative impact on
their physical as well as mental condition (Gillies 2012, p.657).
The ethical confusions that the nurses face while attending the patients of dementia is
of major concern. This kind of situations arise when the dementia patients are unwilling to
get assisted by the caregivers because of several reasons related to their mental conditions
(Gräske et al. 2012, p.819). The people suffering from dementia are found to seek freedom.
Another ethical question that arises is during the administration of medicines or drugs or
during feeding the patients. The patients are generally found to resist from having food or
medicine from the caregivers, this situation forces the caregivers to feed the patients against
their will. These problems in the organization can be solved only by educating the nurses and
other care givers in the orthopedic centers worldwide to deal with the patients of varied
mental ailments. People suffering from mental disorders face physical problems more often,
so, the different sectors of the medical field including orthopedic centers, should be equipped
with the necessary equipment and the caregivers should be educated regarding the same.
The literature hence gives us an overview of the evident problems that the patients
and the caregivers deal with. The literature outlines the necessary action that would help in
developing probations for mental illness patients in orthopedic centers.
Strengths and drawbacks of the evaluated evidences:
Strengths:
The analysis done by the authors creates an ideology that is necessary to be
incorporated to improve the orthopedic set ups providing assistance to the patients of
dementia. The population size (over four thousand) that was considered for study was large
enough to deduce an inference for a population as a whole. The review puts emphasis on the

7DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
differences between the caregiving process needed for the orthopedic patients singularly and
the patients who in inclusion to the orthopedic issues are dealing with dementia.
Drawbacks:
The patients suffering from dementia were not considered in totality. The patients
who were admitted in the orthopedic care centers were only considered for study. The study
lacks the insights of the patients who have suffered in such situations and the insight of the
caregivers who are in charge of handling such mental illness patients. The study was purely
based on available data analysis, the practical scenario study was not done, it was interpreted
totally on the basis of other literatures available.
Significance of the findings and its impact:
The authors emphasized on reviewing the condition of patients suffering from
dementia. There has not been a lot of studies done on this topic and the condition requires to
be analyzed and evaluated in the most among the major mental ailments that are found to
effect people worldwide. The aim of the study was highly significant because of the above
mentioned reasons. The patient behavioral patterns were analyzed by the researchers. It was
found that the people suffering from dementia and similar disorders like Alzheimer, deal with
traumatic condition as serious as the patients tackling major physical distresses who require
medical emergency (Domaradzki, J 2015, p.931). The resultants of the research work done by
the authors raises the awareness about the need to give emphasize to the conditions of the
patients dealing with difficult mental issues like dementia (Caceres et al. 2016, p. 71) The
findings can be said to be relevant as it was done by studying a large population of over four
thousand people.
Gap in the research work:

8DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
Findings of the research work were apt, although some of the aspect were not
commemorated by the authors. The study would have given a better insight about the patients
of dementia as a whole if the patients who were not admitted and taken care of by the care
givers at home (Jutkowitz et al. 2016, p.477). There are many patients who are dealing with
the problem for a long period of time. The assistance that they are given by the nurses, should
also have been commemorated in the study process.
Conclusion:
Therefore, from the above discussion it can be inferred that the menace of mental
ailments should be given importance. The people suffering from dementia should are
neglected by people around them. The recovery in case of dementia patients is critical. There
are no known medications that can totally reduce the problems that the patients face. The
drugs that are available for treating the people with dementia, decrease the complexions that
they face but are not able enough to help people completely recover. Care giving is the only
way to help the patients of dementia in to lead a stable life. The patients who suffer injuries
as a result of reduce physical movement due to dementia need to be treated in the orthopedic
centers. the care givers in the orthopedic centers are generally not found to be experienced
enough to give the assistance that the patient seek. The literature that was considered,
highlights the importance of knowledge about dementia and other major mental illnesses
among the caregivers associated with the orthopedic centers. The study also deduces
inference of the ways by which the caregiving procedure in the orthopedic centers can be
improved. Mental health should be given significance by everyone worldwide, it can have
worse impacts than many of the physical ailments. Giving importance to critical mental
ailments is the need in present scenario, it impacts equally as the physical illnesses.
Table of critical review:

9DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS

10DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
Description Research
design
Outcomes Your
judgemen
t
Refer
ence
detail
s
Resea
rch
aims/
object
ives
Name
of
interve
ntion
Study
popul
ation
Rese
arch
desi
gn
type
Data
collect
ion
metho
ds
Findin
g/
results
conc
lusio
n
Assu
mptio
n
limita
tions
Usef
ulnes
s of
infor
mati
on
sourc
e for
the
topic
Digb
y, R,
Lee,
S &
Willi
ams
To
analyz
e the
situati
on of
patien
ts of
deme
ntia in
hospit
als
The
experi
ence
of
people
with
demen
tia and
nurses
in
hospit
al: an
integra
tive
review
Not
menti
oned
Seco
ndar
y
rese
arch
Analy
sis of
a
longit
udinal
cohort
Patient
of
demen
ted are
consid
ered as
low
priorit
y
patient
.
Nurs
es
requi
re
the
educ
ation
to
give
the
need
ed
care
to
the
patie
nt of
dem
entia
Deteri
oratio
n of
health
of the
patien
ts
Lack
of
knowl
edge
about
deme
ntia
amon
g the
caregi
vers
Cons
iders
gener
al
hospi
tals
Moon
ga, J
&
Likup
e, G
2016
To
check
the
situati
on of
patien
ts of
deme
ntia in
orthop
edic
hospit
als
A
system
atic
literatu
re
review
on
nurses
’ and
health
care
suppor
t
worker
’s
experi
ences
4738 Seco
ndar
y
rese
arch
Analy
sis of
a
longit
udinal
cohort
No
proper
assista
nce
provid
ed to
the
patient
s of
demen
tia in
the
orthop
edic
centers
Care
proc
edur
e for
the
patie
nts
in
orth
oped
ic
hosp
itals
shou
ld be
impr
oved
Deteri
oratio
n of
patien
t
condit
ion
Does
not
consi
der
the
patien
ts
cared
in
their
reside
nce
Cons
iders
a
large
popu
latio
n

11DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
of
caring
for
people
with
demen
tia on
orthop
edic
wards
Doma
radzk
i, J
2015
The
aim of
the
presen
t
paper
is to
revie
w the
literat
ure on
family
caregi
vers
of
perso
ns
with
Hunti
ngton
diseas
e.
The
impact
of
Huntin
gton
diseas
e on
family
caregi
vers: a
literatu
re
overvi
ew
Not
menti
oned
Seco
ndar
y
rese
arch
Analy
sis of
a
longit
udinal
cohort
Necess
ities of
the
patient
of
demen
ted
cannot
be
fulfille
d at
home
in
totality
Supp
ortiv
e
care
is
requi
re
for
the
patie
nts
for
prol
onge
d
perio
d of
time
Negat
ively
affect
the
health
of the
patien
ts
The
analys
is is
not
condu
cted
in
enoug
h
popul
ation
to
consi
der
the
result
suffici
ent
Cons
iders
the
patie
nts
given
care
at
their
resid
ents
Caceres
, B, A,
Frank,
M, O,
Jun, J,
Martell
y, M,
T,
Sadara
ngani,
T & De
Sales, P
C
(2016
The
aim
of
the
wor
k is
to
iden
tify
the
attri
bute
d of
the
care
give
rs of
patie
Family
caregi
vers of
patient
s with
frontot
empor
al
demen
tia: An
integra
tive
review
Exact
numb
er of
peopl
e is
not
menti
oned
Seco
ndar
y
rese
arch
Analy
sis of
a
longit
udinal
cohort
The
caregi
vers
cannot
fulfill
the
needs
withou
t
trainin
g
The
care
giver
s
assis
ting
the
patie
nts
of
dem
entia
at
hom
e
have
distr
ess
The
menta
l as
well
as
physi
cal
health
of the
caregi
vers
are
effect
ed
Consi
ders a
small
popul
ation
Put
emph
asis
on
the
healt
h of
the
careg
ivers

12DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
nts
of
dem
entia
at
hom
e

13DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
References:
Aminzadeh, F, Molnar, FJ, Dalziel, WB & Ayotte, D, 2012. A review of barriers and
enablers to diagnosis and management of persons with dementia in primary care. Canadian
Geriatrics Journal, vol. 15 no. 8, p.85.
Bass, DM, Judge, KS, Lynn Snow, A, Wilson, NL, Morgan, R, Looman, WJ, McCarthy, CA,
Maslow, K, Moye, JA, Randazzo, R & Garcia‐Maldonado, M, 2013. Caregiver outcomes of
partners in dementia care: Effect of a care coordination program for veterans with dementia
and their family members and friends. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 61
no.8, pp.1377-1386.
Brooker, D, & Latham, I, 2015. Person-centred dementia care: Making services better with
the VIPS framework. Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Caceres, B, A, Frank, M, O, Jun, J, Martelly, M, T, Sadarangani, T & De Sales, P C (2016).
‘Family caregivers of patients with frontotemporal dementia: An integrative review’,
International journal of nursing studies, vol. 55, pp. 71-84.
Cahill, S, O'Shea, E. & Pierce, M., 2012. Creating excellence in dementia care: a research
review for Ireland’s National Dementia Strategy.
Cerejeira, J, Lagarto, L, & Mukaetova-Ladinska, E.B 2012. Behavioral and psychological
symptoms of dementia. Frontiers in neurology, 3.
Dalby, P, Sperlinger, DJ & Boddington, S 2012. The lived experience of spirituality and
dementia in older people living with mild to moderate dementia. Dementia, vol.11no 1,
pp.75-94.
Digby, R, Lee, S & Williams, A, 2017, ‘The experience of people with dementia and nurses
in hospital: an integrative review’, Journal of clinical nursing, vol. 26 no. 9, pp.1152-1171.

14DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
Domaradzki, J 2015, ‘The impact of Huntington disease on family carers: a literature
overview’, Psychiatria polska, vol. 49, pp.931-944.
Dupuis, SL, Gillies, J, Carson, J, Whyte, C, Genoe, R, Loiselle, L, & Sadler, L, 2012.
Moving beyond patient and client approaches: Mobilizing ‘authentic partnerships’ in
dementia care, support and services. Dementia, vol 11 no.4, pp.427-452.
Eggenberger, E, Heimerl, K. & Bennett, MI 2013. Communication skills training in dementia
care: a systematic review of effectiveness, training content, and didactic methods in different
care settings. International Psychogeriatrics, vol 25 no. 3, pp.345-358.
Gillies, B, 2012. Continuity and loss: The carer's journey through dementia. Dementia, vol.
11 no.5, pp.657-676.
Givens, JL, Selby, K, Goldfeld, KS & Mitchell, SL, 2012. Hospital transfers of nursing home
residents with advanced dementia. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.60 no.5,
pp.905-909.
Gräske, J, Fischer, T, Kuhlmey, A, & Wolf-Ostermann, K, 2012. Quality of life in dementia
care–differences in quality of life measurements performed by residents with dementia and
by nursing staff. Aging & Mental Health, vol 16 no.7, pp.819-827.
Jeon, YH, Luscombe, G, Chenoweth, L, Stein-Parbury, J, Brodaty, H, King, M, & Haas, M,
2012. Staff outcomes from the caring for aged dementia care resident study (CADRES): a
cluster randomised trial. International journal of nursing studies, vol 49 no.5, pp.508-518.
Jung, CG, 2015. Psychology of dementia praecox. Princeton University Press.
Jutkowitz, E, Brasure, M, Fuchs, E, Shippee, T, Kane, R, Fink, HA, Butler, M, Sylvanus, T,
& Kane, RL, 2016. Care‐Delivery Interventions to Manage Agitation and Aggression in

15DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS
Dementia Nursing Home and Assisted Living Residents: A Systematic Review and Meta‐
analysis. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol. 64 no.3, pp.477-488.
Kales, HC, Kim, HM, Zivin, K, Valenstein, M, Seyfried, LS, Chiang, C, Cunningham, F,
Schneider, LS & Blow, FC, 2012. Risk of mortality among individual antipsychotics in
patients with dementia. American Journal of Psychiatry, vol 169 no.1, pp.71-79.
Kelly, F, & Innes, A, 2013. Human rights, citizenship and dementia care
nursing. International Journal of Older People Nursing, vol 8 no.1, pp.61-70.
Kontos, P, & Martin, W, 2013. Embodiment and dementia: Exploring critical narratives of
selfhood, surveillance, and dementia care. Dementia, vol.12 no.3, pp.288-302.
Mol, A, Moser, I, & Pols, J. eds, 2015. Care in practice: On tinkering in clinics, homes and
farms (Vol. 8). transcript Verlag.
Moonga, J & Likupe, G 2016, ‘A systematic literature review on nurses’ and health care
support workers’ experiences of caring for people with dementia on orthopaedic wards’,
Journal of clinical nursing, vol. 25, no. 14, pp.1789-1804.
Prince, M, Bryce, R., Albanese, E, Wimo, A, Ribeiro, W, & Ferri, CP, 2013. The global
prevalence of dementia: a systematic review and metaanalysis. Alzheimer's &
Dementia, vol.9 no.1, pp.63-75.
Wortmann, M., 2012. Dementia: a global health priority-highlights from an ADI and World
Health Organization report. Alzheimer's research & therapy, vol.4 no.5, p.40.

16DEMENTIA AND ITS EFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS