Investigating Dementia Risk Factors in the UK: A Research Project

This research project examines the risk factors associated with dementia in the United Kingdom. The project begins with an introduction outlining the research problem, aims, objectives, and research questions. A comprehensive literature review is included, analyzing existing research on dementia causes and risk factors, and considering whether these factors can be modified. The methodology section details the research approach, including the use of positivism, deductive reasoning, and a descriptive research design, along with qualitative and quantitative data collection methods. The data collection and analysis chapter covers primary data collection from healthcare professionals using random sampling. The project concludes with recommendations for reducing dementia risk factors in the UK, along with future areas of study. The report also includes a Gantt chart to illustrate the project timeline and structure.

Research Project

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter 1: introduction....................................................................................................................3
1.1 Research project description.............................................................................................3
1.2 Research Aims and Objectives.........................................................................................3
1.3 Literature review..............................................................................................................4
1.4 Research methodology.....................................................................................................4
1.5 Structure of the project.....................................................................................................5
Chapter 2: Literature Review...........................................................................................................7
2.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................7
2.2 Literature Review.............................................................................................................7
Chapter 3: Research Methodology...................................................................................................9
3.1 Methodology, Methods and Techniques....................................................................................9
3.2 Sampling..................................................................................................................................11
3.3 Data collection and Analysis method......................................................................................11
3.4 Ethical considerations and research limitations.......................................................................12
Chapter 4: Data collection and Analysis........................................................................................13
4.1 Data collection................................................................................................................13
4.2 Data Analysis and Discussion........................................................................................15
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations..............................................................................19
5.1 Conclusion and recommendations..................................................................................19
5.3 Areas for future study.....................................................................................................20
References......................................................................................................................................21

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.1 Research project description
Introduction:
There are different risk factors associated with dementia can increase the risk of
developing mental issues for individual in UK. In these risk factors some factors can be
controlled by appropriate changes in daily life routine and some cannot be changed by any
changes. The current research project is based on the risk factors associated with dementia.
Regarding this, researcher will follow systematic process that include different stages, such as
understanding the research problem, review of literature and research methodology (Keller and
Slaughter, 2015). All these stages will help in analyzing research problem and getting
appropriate information doe resolving these issues. Including this, author will include data
analysis chapter which will help in getting appropriate findings for attaining all objectives.
Rational:
Risk factors of dementia is increasing day by day due to the changes in lifestyle and
different other reasons. It is one of the major health issue and challenge for UK. It increases
probability of occurrence of dementia and other mental diseases among individuals. Government
of the UK is investing huge amount of money in reducing the negative effects of all these risk
factors (Risk Factors, 2015). But, till it is the major health issues of the whole country. Large
number of researchers have conducted investigation on risk factors of dementia but no one have
considered it for specific UK. So, researcher wants to focus on this issue in the whole
investigation (Thomson and et.al, 2015). Therefore, for resolving this issues researcher will focus
on different causes and risk factors which are associated with Dementia in UK. Along with this,
focus will also be given on determining that weather risk factors of Dementia can be changes or
not.
1.2 Research Aims and Objectives
Aim:
“To identify different causes and risk factors which are associated with Dementia and
determine different ways to reduce the risk in UK”.
Objectives:
1. To ascertain different causes and risk factors which are associated with Dementia in UK.
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2. To critically analyze that weather risk factors of Dementia can be changes or not.
3. To recommend appropriate ways to control the risk factors of dementia in UK.
Research questions:
1. What are the major causes and risk factors which are associated with Dementia in UK?
2. What are the major ways to control the risk factors of dementia in UK?
1.3 Literature review
Above discussion of the research problem has reflected that risk factors of dementia in
UK is one of the major health issue of UK. So, for conducting investigation on this contemporary
research will use a system research process and this procedure comprise literature review which
help in getting appropriate insights to understand the research problem in effective manner
(Louwersheimer and et.al, 2015). Author will collect historical articles from different websites
and journals which will be relevant from the current subject. Literature of the research will focus
on different risk factors of dementia in UK. Along with this, it will also shed lights on different
research studies which shows that weather these risk factors can be controlled by health care
professionals or not. Further, study will also include different articles relevant to the different
ways for preventing the risk of all these factors. Therefore, all these articles and research papers
will play significant role in understanding research issues in effective manner.
1.4 Research methodology
As per the specification of research, whole study will be based on different risk factors
associated with the dementia in UK. Author will follow a systematic process for conducting
investigation on the current subject. Different tools and techniques will be applied for completing
whole research. Researcher will include positivism research philosophy, deductive research
approach and descriptive research design for developing a base for whole investigation. Further,
researcher will focus on qualitative and quantitative research techniques which will contribute in
collecting appropriate information for understanding and resolving major issues of the current
investigation (Ferri and et.al, 2006).
Including this, primary and secondary data collection methods will be used by researcher
for obtaining appropriate and relevant facts and figures about the risk factors associated with
dementia. Primary data will be collected by the health care professionals of UK because these are
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appropriate person to collect data about the risk factors of dementia. For primary data collection
researcher needs to select a sample which will be nominated by the random number sampling
method. At last, author will use appropriate techniques and method for analyzing and examining
collected primary and secondary data (Keller and Slaughter, 2015). These techniques will be
thematic and statistical analysis. In which thematic analysis will help in examining qualitative
facts and statistical analysis will contribute in examining numerical or quantitative information
about the research subject. Overall, appropriate methodology of research will help in resolving
research issues by suitable solution (Larsen and et.al, 2015).
1.5 Structure of the project
Structure of the research report is as follows:
1. Chapter 1: Introduction: This chapter will help in providing brief knowledge about the
research subject and whole investigation.
2. Chapter 2: Literature Review: All the relevant literature and past research studies are
included in this chapter which will help in determining the findings of the past research
scholars on relevant subject.
3. Chapter 3: Research Methodology: It will include different tools and techniques for
conducting whole investigation in systematic manner.
4. Chapter 4: Data collection and Analysis: This chapter will comprise appropriate methods
for examining collected facts and figures. It will include all findings and results for
resolving the research problem.
5. Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendations: This research chapter will describe
appropriate conclusion of the research as well as appropriate recommendations for
reducing risk of all these risk factors of dementia (Kong and Park, 2015).
Structure of the report can be presented by the Gantt chart which shows different
activities of the research will timescale (Katz, Rosenbloom and Fashler, 2015). It helps in
monitoring and progress of the whole investigation. Gantt chart for the current research is as
follows:
Table 1: Gantt chart
Activity/Week W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8
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Developing research proposal
Formulation of aim and objectives and
research question
Review of literature
Primary and secondary data collection
Analysis of the data
Determining appropriate findings and results
Conclusion and recommendations
Draft submission
Modification as per the requirements
Final Submission of research project
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CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Introduction
Literature review is the significant section of the research study. It is all about
investigations and findings that are presented to reflect and show the critical findings of the
various authors. More broadly, literature review is considered as an analysis and evaluation of
secondary data findings which are used in light of the concept identifying different causes and
risk factors which are associated with Dementia in a streamline with various ways to minimize
the risk which are associated in UK. With the help of literature review, the efforts are made to
present the views and study made b y various authors in context to subject which has been
presented.
2.2 Literature Review
Dementia
According to Beck and et.al (2015), Dementia is defined as progressive impairment
which is related to language, memory, visual, function ability etc. It is generally characterized by
the global cognitive damage or harm (Beck, McIlfatrick, Hasson and Leavey, 2015). In similar
vein, World Health Organization has defined it as syndrome which is generated due to disease in
brain. Louwersheimer and et.al, (2015) has stated the characteristics of dementia and have
mentioned it as stated where the human being seems to have problem of memory loss, difficulty
in communicating, solving encountered issues, alternation in personality, attitude change, and
loss of emotional control (Louwersheimer and et.al, 2015). Wu and et.al, (2015) asserted the
epidemiology of phenomenon of dementia and have projected that the number of older people
who are above the age of 65 years are expected to increase from 420 million in 2000 to almost 1
billion by 2030 (Wu and et.al, 2015). It is also the fact that in UK, this will be at the greatest
number in old age group.
Causes of Dementia
The causes of dementia are generally made on slow basis that leads to damage of brain.
In the words of Ferri and et.al, (2006), dementia is inclusive of diseases which tends to
degenerate the cells of brain and finally die due to normal aging procedure. The extent of
damage or harm may also affect the mental status of human being and to his/her physical body as

well (Ferri and et.al, 2006). In similar fashion to causes of dementia, Larsen and et.al, (2015)
shared his opinion that it is caused when there is interruption in the blood supply to the human's
brain. It is caused when veins and blood vessels become harden that affect the blood flow and
dementia occurs (Larsen and et.al, 2015). In further research to the causes of dementia, it has
been reveled that it also occur when there is stroke in brain cells that may damage the vascular
and leads to increase in risk. According to Erol, Brooker and Peel (2015), dementia is caused
when there is shrink of the brain which is through the clumps of protein. These are causes due to
major reason which is responsible for affecting the flow of chemical flow and message from one
body part to another (Erol, Brooker and Peel, 2015). In the words of Jung (2015), causes of
dementia is when there develops lumps of protein in the inner part of the brain. It is a fact that
Dopamine and acetylcholine are considered as major players that regulates the functions of the
brain. Due to dementia, these are affected which damages the body functions that are such as
learning, mood change, memory and attention towards other things and stimulus (Jung, 2015).
As stated by Thomson and et.al, (2015), dementia is also caused by some of the non-progressive
aspects which are inclusive of depression, brain tumor, head injury, thyroid, misuse of alcohol. It
refers to treatment aspects which when control can help in supporting the dementia (Thomson
and et.al, 2015). It demands effective control and treatment so that unusual impairment can be
solved upon.
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Risk factors of Dementia
There are risk factors which are related with dementia. However, as stated in the words of
McKeown, Ryan, Ingleton and Clarke (2015), these may vary according to the lifestyle and
standard of living of an individual that may support the situation (McKeown, Ryan, Ingleton and
Clarke, 2015). In the same vein, Keller and Slaughter, (2015) stated that cardiovascular risk
factors which includes hypertension, heart issue etc. Smoking has also been considered as a most
highly considered risk factors (Keller and Slaughter, 2015). If a person is suffering from issue
such as Diabetes, the risk of dementia also enhances. This is a risk factor as it increases with the
avoidance of mediation and proper care (Alzheimer's and Dementia Prevention, 2015).
According to Kong and Park (2015), high cholesterol is one of the most common risk
factor related to dementia. Proper cholesterol is required for brain to operate and work. However,
if it is taken in increasing level, then it have direct impact on the Alzheimer's disease as studies
shows that high cholesterol lowers the effect of drugs or medication taken (Kong and Park,
2015). Another related risk factor in this regard is considered by taking metabolism functions of
the body. Homocysteine which is produced when there is increase of Alzheimer's disease and
other dementia problems (Dementia, 2015). According to Ferri and et.al, (2006), major risk
factor which is related as the risk factor to dementia is the genetic issue. For instance,
Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) which takes and delivers the cholesterol to the nerve cells of the brain.
The function of this gene is to repair and form new connections to the brain (Ferri and et.al,
2006). Generally, three common variants of the ApoE gene are found. Any risk to these gene
may impact the whole body.
Different ways to reduce the risk of Dementia
Dementia is a need to be managed and handled. As per the study made by various
authors, there is a strong link which exist between metabolic disorders and the signal processing
systems of human being. According to Erol, Brooker and Peel (2015), eating habits helps in
minimizing the inflammation and upgrade normal energy production. Therefore, there is need to
have proper eating and diet habits. It is inclusive of in taking of Mediterranean diet, avoiding
trans fats and saturated fats, getting plenty of omega-3 fats, stock up on fruit and vegetables,
maintaining consistent levels of insulin and blood sugar etc (Erol, Brooker and Peel, 2015).
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CHAPTER 3: RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
3.1 Methodology, Methods and Techniques
Introduction:
Research methodology can be defined as a process of investigation which includes
different scientific tools and techniques for completing investigation in systematic manner. It
includes philosophy, approach, design and techniques. Further, it comprises data collection and
analysis methods for attaining objectives (Stephan and et.al, 2015).
Research philosophy:
It can be defined as a paradigm which provide a belief to researcher about the data
collection methods. Along with this, it also helps in resolving and understanding research issues
in effective manner. For determining different risk factors author will use the positivism research
philosophy. This paradigm focuses on the natural phenomenon about the research subject which
play important role in understanding the research problem. Author will apply this philosophy
because it focuses on the objectivity of the study rather than the subjective concepts associated
with the research subject (Smith, 2015). Therefore, it will help in accomplishing all the research
objectives in effective manner.
Research design:
Research design can be defined as a blue print of the whole investigation which will help
in determining appropriate ways for conducting investigation in effective manner. For
determining different causes and risk factors of dementia researcher will use the descriptive
research design. It focuses on the subjectivity concepts and theories of the research subject. By
which author can understand the major research problem (Wu and et.al, 2015). Along with this,
it plays important role in collecting facts and figure using different methods such as case study,
focus group and survey methodology. Researcher wants to conduct a survey of health and social
care professionals so, study will use the descriptive research design.
Research approach:
Approach of the research will play important role in completing investigation either
specific or general manner. There are two types of research approaches; inductive and deductive
research approach. For the current investigation researcher will use the deductive research
approach because it focuses on testing developed theories and attaining objectives of whole
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investigation. Along with this, it will complete the whole investigation from specific to general
manner (McKeown, Ryan, Ingleton and Clarke, 2015). So, using the deductive approach
researcher will analyze the theory of major risk factors of dementia afterwards it will test these
factors with the aspects of United Kingdom. Along with this, researcher will use hypothesis
testing for getting appropriate solution of the all research question.
Strategy of research:
There are different techniques of the investigation by which researcher can complete the
whole investigation. For the current investigation researcher will use combined strategy of
qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitative methods will play important role in
understanding the theoretical concepts of the research subject and quantitative methods will
helps in resolving all research issues in effective manner (Erol, Brooker and Peel, 2015). So, for
understanding the theoretical and numerical counts of the current research subject author has
applied combined research strategy.
3.2 Sampling
For determining the different ways to control the risk factors of dementia researcher will
conduct primary investigation. Regarding this, researcher will select a sample from research
universe which of health care professionals of UK. For selecting sample researcher will apply the
random number sampling method. It will be used by researcher because it helps in reducing
unnecessary sampling error as well as also help in providing equal chance to all participant to
include in sample of investigation. Random number sampling method follows random number
table for selecting every single sample unit (Wu and et.al, 2015). Sample size for current
research will be 20 which because it is sufficient for presenting the entire population of the
research.
3.3 Data collection and Analysis method
Author needs to select different data collection methods for gathering information about
the causes and risk factors of dementia in UK. Author will apply both primary and secondary
data collection methods for collecting suitable data (Beck, McIlfatrick, Hasson and Leavey,
2015).
Primary data collection:
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All those methods which helps in collecting fresh and new information about research
subject are known as primary data collection methods. Researcher will use this method because
it will help in getting information about the present situation of Dementia in UK. Researcher will
use online questionnaire survey methodology for collecting primary data. Questionnaire will
include different open and close ended questions about the risk factors and causes of dementia.
Along with this, primary data will provide information about the different ways to control the
negative effects of these risk factors on patients (Jung, 2015).
Secondary data collection:
There are large number of researcher which have already conducted investigation on
similar subject of dementia and its risk factors. So, author will collect information from
secondary data collection methods also. Regarding this researcher will use the literature review
method. Researcher will collect secondary data from different sources such as historical research
studies, books, websites, articles, reports of health care survey, etc (Larsen and et.al, 2015).
secondary data collection will be applied for getting appropriate insights to understand the
research subject in effective manner.
Data analysis methods:
Author will use appropriate methods and techniques for analyzing and examining
collected facts and figures on risk factors of Dementia in UK. Thematic analysis methods will be
used by researcher for analyzing qualitative information. On the other hand statistical methods
will be applied for analyzing numerical data of research survey. Both methods will help in
getting appropriate answers of all research question which will play important role in making
final conclusion of the research (Colina-Coca and et.al, 2014).
3.4 Ethical considerations and research limitations
Researcher needs to follow specific rules and regulations for conducting whole
investigation in ethical manner. There are different ethical issues which can affect the final
findings of the research (McMillan and Schumacher, 2014). As per the research ethics, at the
time of primary investigation author needs to assure about the safety and security of personal
information of all participants. For resolving this issues, researcher has assured about the use of
only those information which are necessary for attaining objectives of the investigation.
Similarly, at the time of secondary data collection researcher needs to use appropriate references
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and citations for resolving the ethical issue of plagiarism. Therefore, all these considerations
helped researcher ion completing investigation in ethical manner. Along with this, there are
different limitations which can delay the project as well as can affect the final findings of the
investigation (Li, Zhao and Chen, 2012). Lack of money and time was the major limitation of the
current study. But, author has developed appropriate plan for managing time and budget. This
strategy has helped in managing time and cost for the whole investigation. Overall, author has
followed the whole investigation in ethical manner (Kriz, Gummesson and Quazi, 2013).
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CHAPTER 4: DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS
4.1 Data collection
Researcher has used different data collection instruments for collecting data about risk
factors of dementia in UK (Gay, Mills and Airasian, 2011). For primary investigation author has
used questionnaire which is presented as follows:
Demographic information of health care professionals of UK:
Age:
Name:
Gender:
Work experience:
1. Do you believe that different factors can increase the risk of developing dementia?
 Yes
 No
2. To which extent you believe that “Some of the risk factors associated with dementia can
be managed through lifestyle changes or appropriate medical treatments”.
 Strongly Agreed
 Agreed
 Neutral
 Disagreed
 Strongly disagreed
3. What are the major causes of dementia in UK?
 Depression
 Medication side effects
 Excess use of alcohol
 Thyroid problems
 Vitamin deficiencies
4. What are the major risk factors of dementia which can’t be changed by appropriate
lifestyle and medical treatment?
 Age
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 Family History
 Down Syndrome
5. What are the major risk factors of dementia which can be changed by adopting lifestyle
and medical treatment?
 Use of alcohol and smoking
 Atherosclerosis.
 Blood pressure
 Cholesterol
 Depression
 Diabetes
 Obesity
6. What is the most important way to control the negative impacts of risks factors of
dementia?
 Social connection and intellectual activity
 Physical exercise and diet
 Mental Stimulation
 Quality sleep
 Stress management
 Medical treatment
 Avoiding excess consumption of alcohol
7. Appropriate suggestions to control the risk factors of dementia?
4.2 Data Analysis and Discussion
Analysis of the data is very important part for examining collected information about the
risk factors associated with dementia. This process will help in attaining all objectives of the
research in effective manner (Garner and Scott, 2013). Author has applied thematic analysis
method for examining qualitative information and statistical methods for examining numerical
information.
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Thematic analysis:
Qualitative data are examined by thematic analysis method because it helps in evaluating
subjective information in effective way. This method includes different themes, charts, graphs
and diagrams for examining all information. For the current investigation researcher has
introduced different themes on causes and risk factors associated with dementia (Creswell,
2013). Along with this, researcher also comprised theme on different ways to control these risk
factors in effective manner.
Theme 1: Causes of dementia in UK.
1. What are the major causes of dementia in UK? Frequency
Depression 5
Medication side effects 3
Excess use of alcohol 4
Thyroid problems 4
Vitamin deficiencies 4
For attaining aim of the research, researcher has included the above question in survey. It
has helped in determining various causes of dementia. As per the above theme different
participants have different opinion about the various causes of the dementia. 5 participants
believed that depression is the major reason behind the dementia. Similarly, 4 participants have
thought that excess use of alcohol is also one of the major reason behind the dementia in UK.
Along with this thyroid is also one of the major reason of dementia. On the other hand, different
sample units have believed that vitamin differences and side effects of medication is also
considered as causes of dementia in UK. According to the findings depression is most important
cause of dementia.
Theme 2: Risk factors of dementia which can’t be changed by appropriate lifestyle and
medical treatment.
2. What are the major risk factors of dementia which can’t be changed
by appropriate lifestyle and medical treatment? Frequency
Age 7
Family History 6
Down Syndrome 7
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Determining the risk factors associated with dementia is the major aim of the current
research study, so, author has included the above question in questionnaire survey. Findings and
data has reflected that there are different risk factors which cannot change by changing lifestyle
and different medical treatment. These factors have negative impact on mental health of
individuals. As per the survey, most of the participants have believed that Age, family history
and Down syndrome are the major risk factors which cannot change. In which age is voted by 7
health professionals. In contrast, 6 participants have believed that family history is also one of
the major risk factor which cannot be reduced by the lifestyle and medical treatment. On the
other hand, 7 participants have thought that Down syndrome is also a crucial risk factor which
can be resolve by improving lifestyle and taking medical treatment. All these factors are
considered as major risk factors which are associated with dementia.
Theme 3: Risk factors of dementia which can be changed by adopting lifestyle and medical
treatment.
3. What are the major risk factors of dementia which can be changed by
adopting lifestyle and medical treatment? Frequency
Use of alcohol and smoking 2
Atherosclerosis. 3
Blood pressure 4
Cholesterol 2
Depression 3
Diabetes 4
Obesity 2
As per the findings of literature review, there are different risk factors which can be
changed by adopting new lifestyle and appropriate medical treatment. All these risk factors have
got equal frequency. So, Use of alcohol and smoking, Atherosclerosis, Blood pressure,
Cholesterol, Depression, Diabetes and Obesity are the major risk factor associated with
dementia. As per the findings of the data analysis, negative effects of all these factors can easily
remove by adopting suitable lifestyle and medical treatment.
Theme 4: Important way to control the negative impacts of risks factors of dementia.
4. What is the most important way to control the negative impacts of
risks factors of dementia? Frequency
Social connection and intellectual activity 3
Physical exercise and diet 4
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Mental Stimulation 3
Quality sleep 2
Stress management 2
Medical treatment 3
Avoiding excess consumption of alcohol 3
According to the research objective, author wants to determine the different ways to
control all the risk factors of dementia. So, author has included the above question in
questionnaire. According to the 4 health care professionals, physical diet and exercise is
appropriate method for resolving the negative impacts of different risk factors. After analyzing
the above theme, author has found that social connection and intellectual activity, Mental
Stimulation, Medical treatment and avoiding excess consumption of alcohol are important ways
for reducing the negative impacts of all risk factors of dementia. These factor has got the positive
response from 3 health care professionals. Quality sleep and Stress management are also
included in the appropriate ways and these methods have voted by the two participants.
Therefore, researcher has disclosed different ways for to control the negative impacts of risks
factors associated with the dementia in UK.
Statistical analysis:
As per the above discussion researcher has applied statistical methods, hypothesis testing
for examining numerical data of the questionnaire survey. It helps in making conclusion about
the assumption of the researcher. For the current study researcher has applied chi square testing
for making comparison between observed and expected frequency of researcher. Along with this,
it is also beneficial for attaining objectives of the research (Wu and et.al, 2015). Hypothesis for
the chi square testing is described as under:
Hypothesis 1:
Null hypothesis: H0 = Risk factors associated with dementia cannot be managed through lifestyle
changes or appropriate medical treatments.
Alternative hypothesis: Ha = Risk factors associated with dementia can be managed through
lifestyle changes or appropriate medical treatments.
Some of the risk factors
associated with
dementia can be
managed through
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lifestyle changes or
appropriate medical
treatments
S. No. Responses No. of responses % of Responses
1 Strongly Agree 9 45.0%
2 Agree 8 40.0%
3 Neutral 2 10.0%
4 Disagree 1 5.0%
5 Strongly Disagree 0 0.0%
Total
responses 20 1.00
Observed (O) Expected
(E) O-E (O-E)2 (O-E)2/E
9 4 5.00 25.00 6.25
8 4 4.00 16.00 4.00
2 4 -2.00 4.00 1.00
1 4 -3.00 9.00 2.25
0 4 -4.00 16.00 4.00
20 20 17.50
Researcher has assumed that level of significance is 5% and degree of freedom is (5-
1=4). So, at this stage, tabulated value of chi square is 9.48 (Stephan and et.al, 2015). Calculated
value of chi square is 17.50. Comparison of both values have reflected that calculated value is
higher than the tabulated value. So, researcher needs to reject the null hypothesis and accept the
alternative one. As per the alternative hypothesis some risk factors associated with dementia can
be managed through lifestyle changes or appropriate medical treatments. As per the thematic
analysis and statistical analysis there are different factors which can be changed by managing
lifestyle and taking appropriate medical treatment (Smith, 2015).
Therefore, findings of the data analysis have reflected that researcher has successfully
attained all the objectives and get appropriate answers of all research questions. All the findings
helped researcher in making final conclusion for the current investigation.
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CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS
5.1 Conclusion and recommendations
Determining different causes and risk factor associated with dementia is the major aim of
the current investigation. Findings of the data analysis have reflected that researcher has
determined different causes and risk factors of dementia in UK using thematic analysis and
statistical analysis.
Ascertaining different causes and risk factors which are associated with Dementia in UK
is the major objective of the investigation. Findings of the data analysis have concluded that
Depression, Medication side effects, Excess use of alcohol, Thyroid problems and Vitamin
deficiencies are the major reasons of dementia. Along with this, findings have also reflected that
there are different risk factors which can develop the risk of dementia in individuals of UK. But,
some factors can be changed by changing lifestyle and medical treatment. These types of risk
factors include Use of alcohol and smoking, Atherosclerosis, Blood pressure, Cholesterol,
Depression, Diabetes and Obesity. But, on the other hand, risk of some factors cannot be reduced
by treatment and lifestyle such as Age, Family History and Down syndrome, etc. Overall,
researcher has achieved different objectives in effective manner.
Along with this, determining appropriate ways to control the risk factors of dementia in
UK is another objective of the current investigation. Thematic analysis has concluded that using
different ways such as social connection and intellectual activities individual cam improve
communication with others which divert their minds in different things and help in reducing the
negative impacts of different risk factors of dementia. Along with this, different health care
professional suggest that physical exercise and appropriate diet is also another way to control,
risk factors. Some patients can reduce the mental issues by taking quality sleep and managing
stress in effective manner. Along with this, findings have also concluded that medical treatment
and avoiding excess consumption of alcohol is also one of the important way to control the
negative impacts of risk factors of dementia.
Overall findings of the current study have provided appropriate conclusion for the whole
study which have helped in identifying different causes and risk factors which are associated
with Dementia and determine different ways to reduce the risk in UK.
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5.3 Areas for future study
Completion of the current study have created huge scope of the investigation in dementia.
Using the findings of the current investigation future researcher can conduct the similar research
study on other country such as India, China, Nepal and United States. Along with this, in coming
future investigation can be conducted on causes and risk factors of the other mental and physical
health issues of individuals. Overall, findings of the current study has created ways for
completing in-depth study on dementia and its risk factors which can affect the life of individuals
of UK. In future researcher can conduct study on determining different care which are required
for reducing negative impacts of different risk factors of dementia.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Beck, E.R., McIlfatrick, S., Hasson, F. and Leavey, G., 2015. Health care professionals’
perspectives of advance care planning for people with dementia living in long-term care
settings: A narrative review of the literature. Dementia. p.147
Colina-Coca, C. and et.al, 2014. Effects of hypercholesterolemic diet enriched with onion as
functional ingredient on fatty acid metabolism in Wistar rats. Food Research
International. 64. pp.546-552.
Creswell, J. W., 2013. Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods
approaches. Sage publications.
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