Overview of Risk Factors for Depression and Bipolar Disorder

This presentation provides an overview of the risk factors associated with major depression and bipolar affective disorder. It explores various factors, including gender, marital status, life events, early trauma, and general medical conditions, highlighting their potential impact on depression. The presentation also delves into the risk factors for bipolar disorder, such as genetic and family history, environmental factors (e.g., social rhythm disruptions), childhood adversity, and substance misuse. References to key research studies, including those by Palmier-Claus et al. (2016) and Strakowski et al. (2014), are included to support the presented information. Overall, the presentation aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the multifaceted nature of these mood disorders and their associated risk factors, emphasizing the complex interplay of various biological, psychological, and social influences.

Counseling
Name:-
Date:- 29 March 2020

Overview
 This presentation is developed on the topic of risk
factor for major depression and bipolar affective
disorder
 To prepare the presentation, primary as well
secondary resources have been reviewed and
relied.

The risk factor for major depression
 Gender:- In many of the studies it was found that
after puberty, feminist gender increases risk of
major depression.
 Marital status:- In comparison to the married or
single people (never married), the risk of major
depression found high in those who are divorced
or separated under Epidemiologic Catchment Area
and National Comorbidity Survey.

The risk factor for major depression
 Life events :An individual gets influenced by
his/her life event where sad or negative events
increase the risk level of depression.
 Early Trauma: Traumatic experience that occurs
during childhood as an a major risk factor behind
the risk of major depression.

The risk factor for major depression
 General medical: - General medical illness is one of the
important risk factors behind major depression. These
medical illnesses refer to respiratory disorders,
cardiovascular disease, and many other neurologic
conditions.
 Social class:- People having no employment or are
house makers represented a high rate of risk of
depression. It means social economic status of people
work as risk factor for major depression.

The risk factor for bipolar affective disorder
 Genetic and family factors:- These factors are a
major risk in the case of bipolar disorder. A review
of 8 families studied has been conducted in this
area where results showed that the risk of such
disorder was seven times more in the relative of
people who were already suffered from bipolar
disorder

The risk factor for bipolar affective disorder
 Environmental factors:- Social rhythm such as
disruptions such as moving, losing a job, or return
from international trips are some of the other
environmental factors that seem to be associated
with onsets of mania (Strakowski, DelBello &
Adler, 2014).

The risk factor for bipolar affective disorder
 Several studies have been done in the area where it
was found that, prior sexual abuse, emotional
abuse and emotional neglect are associated with
bipolar disorder as risk factors (Palmier-
Claus, Berry, Bucci, Mansell,& Varese, 2016).
 Substance misuse:- Misuse of substances like
opioids, sedatives, cocaine, alcohol and others
increases the risk of bipolar disorder.

The risk factor for bipolar affective disorder
The other risk factors of bipolar disorder include
period of high stress, first degree relative and
biotical reasons and disturbed brain structure are
some other risk factors for the bipolar disorder.

References
 Palmier-Claus, J. E., Berry, K., Bucci, S., Mansell, W.,
& Varese, F. (2016). Relationship between childhood
adversity and bipolar affective disorder: systematic
review and meta-analysis. The British Journal of
Psychiatry, 209(6), 454-459.
 Strakowski, S. M., DelBello, M. P., & Adler, C. M.
(Eds.). (2014). Bipolar Disorder in Youth: Presentation,
Treatment, and Neurobiology. Oxford University Press.