Depression: A Comprehensive Overview of Causes and Treatments

This report delves into the multifaceted aspects of depression, a prevalent psychological disorder. It begins by defining depression, its characteristics, and the impact of sad mood on daily life. The report outlines the prevalence of depression across various demographics, emphasizing that it is a treatable disorder. It then explores the major symptoms, including persistent depressed mood, loss of interest, and changes in sleep and appetite. Contributing factors such as social, biological, and psychological elements are also discussed. The report provides guidance on how to identify depression and outlines management strategies, including antidepressants, interpersonal therapy, and cognitive behavioral therapy. The report concludes by highlighting the importance of understanding and addressing depression through a combination of approaches, with references to key research and studies in the field. This report aims to provide a comprehensive overview of depression, offering insights into its causes, symptoms, and treatment approaches, thereby aiding in the understanding and management of this common mental health issue.

Depression
The Psychological Disorder
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Outline
O What is Depression
O The definition
O Prevalence
O Major symptoms of depression
O Contributing factors
O How to identify depression
O How to manage or deal with
depression
O Summary

What is Depression
O Depression refers to a common
symptom of critical illness.
O When sad mood interferes in one’s
daily personal and professional life
then it is known as depression
O Sad mood or sadness also causes
pain for both the person and the
people who care about them

The definition
O Depression can be seen as a common
psychological as well as mental disorder
which actually depicts with
O Continuously depressed mood
O Poor concentration
O Low energy
O Loss of pleasure or interest
O Low self-worth
O Strong feelings of guilt
O Disturbed sleep
O Disturbed appetite

Prevalence
O It may occur in
humans of all ages,
backgrounds and
genders
O It can easily be
diagnosed and
treated with primary
care
O It is one of the
leading causes of
disability all across
the world

Major symptoms of
depression
O Constant depressed mood
O Recurrent thoughts of suicide and death
O Recurrent feelings of guilt and worthlessness
O Loss of energy or fatigue
O Reduced interest in previously enjoyed activities
O Psychomotor agitation
O Loss of sexual desires
O Unintentional weight loss
O Insomnia
O Impaired ability of thinking, concentrating or
making decisions

Contributing factors
O The major contributing factor are:
O Social factors
O Biological factors
O Psychological factors
O How to identify depression
O By identifying the length of
time for which the patient is
feeling sad mood.
O Mental-status examination
O History collection

How to manage or deal with
depression
O Antidepressants is the one way to deal with
depression: it works on brain chemicals include
O Norepinephrine
O Serotonin
O Interpersonal therapy: this helps persons
understand and work upon relationships which
might cause depression
O Cognitive behavioural therapy: it assists those
people who are having negative thought
patterns
O Electroconvulsive therapy

Summary
O The study suggests that
O many factors impact on prevalence and
causes of depression
O People of the whole world needs to work
upon all of those factors altogether.
O Identifying depression is must for the cure
and treatment.

References
O Segal, Z. V., & Teasdale, J. (2018). Mindfulness-based
cognitive therapy for depression. Guilford Publications.
O Thapar, A., Collishaw, S., Pine, D. S., & Thapar, A. K.
(2012). Depression in adolescence. The
Lancet, 379(9820), 1056-1067.
O Cooney, G. M., Dwan, K., Greig, C. A., Lawlor, D. A.,
Rimer, J., Waugh, F. R., ... & Mead, G. E. (2013).
Exercise for depression. Cochrane database of
systematic reviews, (9).
O Gilbert, P. (2016). Depression: The evolution of
powerlessness. Routledge.
O Wells, A. (2011). Metacognitive therapy for anxiety
and depression. Guilford press.