Design and Fabrication of a Mechanical Foot Step Power Generator

This report details the design and fabrication of a mechanical foot step power generator, focusing on converting mechanical energy into electrical energy using piezoelectric sensors. It addresses the growing need for renewable energy sources and proposes a system that harnesses kinetic energy from human and vehicle traffic. The report covers conceptual design, system development processes using the waterfall methodology, the importance of feedback control loops and human factors, and common management processes like project initiation, planning, monitoring, and closure. System optimization aspects, including reliability and sustainability, are also discussed, highlighting the potential for continuous power generation with minimal environmental impact. The project aims to provide a sustainable and reliable alternative to traditional energy sources, particularly in densely populated areas. Desklib provides students access to this and similar assignments.

Running head: DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER
GENERATOR
Design and Fabrication of Mechanical Foot Step Power Generator
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

2DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
Table of Contents
1. Introduction..................................................................................................................................3
2. Conceptual Design.......................................................................................................................3
2.1 Process of development and management of system............................................................5
2.2 Importance of feedback control loop and human factors......................................................6
2.3 Common management processes...........................................................................................7
2.4 System optimization..............................................................................................................8
3. Conclusion...................................................................................................................................9
4. References..................................................................................................................................11

3DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
1. Introduction
Most of the countries are still categorized in developing countries and source of power
has been always crucial for the development and growth of those countries. The developed
countries have managed the source of power however till the date, none of the countries are
utilizing the renewable sources of energy for the need and requirement of entire country. CIA
(Central Intelligence Agency) claimed that 66% of the world are utilizing fossil fuels for the
power generation and 8% have been utilizing nuclear energy for the power production (Nayyar,
Zaigham and Qadeer 2014). The following graph explains the coal consumption rate and the
share of the fuels in power generation:
Figure 1: Global Coal Production and Consumption
(Source: BP World Energy 2018)

4DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
Figure 2: Fuel Share in Power Generation
(Source: BP World energy 2018)
The population has been drastically increasing around the world due to the fact that death rate
has been always lower than the birth rate and thus, source of energy is a crucial factor for
fulfilling the needs and requirements of the current population (Body et al. 2014). Same
population can be the solution of the identified problem as the proposed project will be helpful in
allowing the populated countries to produce conventional source of mechanical energy that can
be alternatively converted into electrical energy.
This report will be emphasizing on the theoretical aspects of the foot step power
generator using Piezo electric sensors and storing them in batteries for further application. The
proposed project will be helpful in introducing the world with an option of conventional source
of energy that can fulfil the needs and requirements of the population.

5DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
2. Conceptual Design
It was identified that consumption and production of the renewable source of energy has
been lagging by very big factor as represented in the following graph:
Figure 3: World Energy Consumption
(Source: Dubley 2018)
The diagrammatic representation of the components and working of the proposed project can be
stated in the following diagram:

6DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
Figure 4: Conceptual Design of Foot Step Power Generator
(Source: Created by Author)

7DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
The project will be a technical management report that will be allowing the establishment
of a system that can fulfil the needs of electricity within a populated area in an efficient and
effective manner. The above mentioned conceptual design demonstrates the working and
establishment of a single footstep power generator considering the technical representation of the
electrical and electronic components necessary for the electricity production. Such single
footstep power generator can be established in a mass number among the different populated
areas for the development and execution of a system that can produce mass electricity for
meeting the requirements of the common people. These devices will be embedded underground
and while, individuals and vehicles run over the piezoelectric sensor, it will develop electricity
that will be stored in big batteries. The AC converter will be transferring the DC in AC form and
thus, transformers will be used for transferring electricity from one place to others and allowing
the local community to avail the services. The vehicles and human beings will be always
available there for allowing the system to gather the necessary mechanical energy and thus,
storing and transferring the power from one place to another.
2.1 Process of development and management of system
The waterfall methodology will be used as an approach for the development of the entire
system in manner to make sure that the project is being delivered without leaving any activity
behind. It will allow in divided the project activities into phases and delivering the strategies
accordingly (Kerzner and Kerzner 2017). The entire project will be divided into five phases for
the development and execution of the project including initiation, planning, execution,
monitoring and controlling, and closure. The team members will be selected as the responsible
stakeholders in manner to accomplish the project activities and objectives and lead the project
successfully (Turner 2014). Regular monitoring and controlling plan will be developed in

8DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
manner to manage the quality and standard of the project. The effective leadership and
management approach will be helpful in delivering the project constraints and the project in a
successful and efficient manner. A well planned communication plan for the stakeholders will be
organized on regular basis in manner to consider the different perceptions of the stakeholders
related to the on-going growth and development of the project. Consideration of the project
constraints in the prior of the research will be playing crucial role and hence, the project
development plan should be sophisticated and less complex in manner to manage the project
constraints in an effective and efficient manner.
2.2 Importance of feedback control loop and human factors
Feedback control loop will be helpful in allowing the project manager to develop and
implement the changes related to the project constraints and propose a specific changes
implementation those could alternatively lead to the implementation of the changes those can
enhance the standard and quality of the project (Larson and Clifford 2015). The human factors
will be responsible for installing the sensors and the power collectors at different places within
the populated areas. This will be helpful in collecting and storing lots of electrical energy being
converted from the sensors through utilizing the mechanical energy being wasted by the humans
while walking on the streets (Dev, Arora and Sekhar 2015). The proposed system will be for the
human and hence, their feedback will be helpful in manipulating the project in a manner that it
can be capable enough for the power management in the society. The feedback will be taken in
two phases including during the initiation phase in manner to understand the needs and
requirements of the users and what their perspective on the project are. The second phase will be
after launching in the real world that will be alternatively helpful in gathering their perspectives
on how effective and efficient the suggested project is delivering from the perspective of the end

9DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
users. The feedback will have certain recommendations, issues, and appraises and hence, these
feedbacks will be implemented in the project again for the development of successful project.
2.3 Common management processes
The project will be divided into five phases for the management of the operational
activities in manner to assure that the suggested project can be delivered within the estimated
time and of high standard. The entire project will need to be managed under proper and effective
managerial and leadership attributes. The project will be delivered based on the following
phases:
Project Initiation: This phase will be emphasizing on the selection of the best topic and
estimation of the ways through which the project can be delivered in an efficient and effective
way. This will be emphasizing on the scope and objective of the project as stated below:
Scope of the project that can be utilized as the contribution for enhancing the community
and society. The targeted consumers of the project are the local community and people who need
power supply for the accomplishing the daily operational activities. The project objective is to
propose a conventional source of energy that can fulfil the needs of the power generation in the
present world where non-renewable source of energy have been the major power source.
Project Planning: This phase will be about the development of the plan that can be
utilized for delivering the project in an efficient and effective manner. The project plan
development will be to complete the model of the project within fifteen days and demonstrate the
project to the heads considering the efficiency and effectiveness of the project development
(Nibras, Senanayakalage and Shaffer 2017). The expenses on the project will be minimum in
manner to make it applicable and favourable for implementing within the populated areas.

10DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
Monitoring and controlling: The effective communication management will be delivered
in manner to manage the smooth communication between the stakeholders assuring that the
project constraints are being managed in an efficient and effective manner. The continuous
growth and development of the project will be communicated among the stakeholders and hence,
managed in an effective manner.
Project Closure: The ultimate goal of the project will be to deliver it in an efficient and
effective manner. Proper documentation and listing of project constraints will be delivered in this
phase considering the management of the after project constraints.
2.4 System optimization
Reliability: The proposed project can be installed underground the roads, streets, and
footpaths without utilizing extra space for the components and thus, could be utilized for the
efficient electric energy production. This project can be highly reliable in the present scenario of
the system as the wind energy, solar energy, and other renewable sources cannot provide 24*7
electricity production. However, the footstep power generator can take its lead role by providing
the source of energy that can be utilized for the 24*7 power generation as the populated areas
will have always vehicles and human being walking around the roads. In the present scenario,
human beings are mostly relied on the non-renewable sources of energy and proposition of the
footstep generation can be helpful in replacing those sources and providing enough power that
can allow the public to live their better lives (Muhammad et al. 2016). If the Piezoelectric
sensors are implemented among the expected places in the cities with populated states or
counties, enough electricity can be produced that can be utilized for the living of the human
beings and managing their daily operational activities. The human beings can rely on this source
of energy as the one-time investment can be made for long-time electricity production.

11DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
Sustainability: The investment being made for the development of the project would be
costing for once only as the setup needed to be developed for the collection and storage of the
electricity and thereafter, using it for further applications. The project will eliminate the possible
causes of the pollution as the kinetic energy of the humans and vehicles will be the source of
electricity and there will be not any leftover or residue left after the production. The proposed
project will be highly efficient in the pollution management and limiting the pollution and will
be helpful in managing the better environment for the future generation (Xie and Cai 2014). It
can be used for mass production of electricity and leaving behind zero pollution. The
environment will not have to suffer due to the production of electricity using this approach.
Evaluation: The efficiency will be the major element for this project as the collected
energy must be efficiently converting the collected mechanical energy into electric energy.
Since, the collected energy will be stored in DC form and thus, battery storage will be necessary
for collecting the converted energy and storing it for long enough that it can be applicable for the
consumers. The developed electricity would be capable of using the house hold electric objects
including LEDs, Fans, and other household appliances. The system will be analysed considering
the consumption and production ratio in manner to make it applicable enough for the entire
consumption (Kamboj et al. 2017). The developed system should be efficient enough for the
management of common people needs and requirements related to the power consumption. The
research sows the following data when experimented with four piezo electric strips as
demonstrated in following graph:

12DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
Figure 5: Stored Voltage vs # of Steps
(Source: Stevens Institute of Technology 2018)
3. Conclusion
Based on the above report it can be concluded that the footstep power generator can be
possible source of energy for replacing the non-renewable source of energy and fulfilling the
basic needs and requirements of the local community without altering the quality. The above
mentioned project will allow the community to produce electricity through transferring the
mechanical and kinetic energy produced by the vehicles and individuals in the roads and convert
them into electrical energy. The produced electricity can be stored in the batteries for further
application in the real world. The above report explains the management and technical aspects
for the development of a footstep power generator and replacing the existing non-conventional
energy. The above report explained the conceptual design of the proposed project and how it
would be delivered for the production of electricity and fulfilling the needs and requirements of

13DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
the users. The development and management processes have been also explained in the above
report emphasizing the nature of the proposed project. Control loop and human factors are the
considerable factors for the successful development and deployment of the project and those
should be considered throughout the project. Common management processes and the system
optimization are the two sections emphasizing on the managerial approach for the project
execution and identification of the system efficiency in the real world application.

14DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
4. References
Arvind, A., Joy, J., Sreekalpa, S., Sujith, S. and Ramakrishnan, R., 2016. Power Generation
through Human Locomotion. Journal of Electronics and Communication Systems, 1(1).
Boby, K., Aleena Paul, K., Thomas, J.A. and Nimisha, K.K., 2014. Footstep Power Generation
Using Piezo Electric Transducers. International Journal of Engineering and Innovative
Technology (IJEIT) Volume, 3, pp.264-267.
Dev, A., Arora, P. and Sekhar, R., 2015. Human energy harvesting through a low cost footstep
power generator. Int. J. Appl. Eng. Res., 10, pp.30101-30107.
Dubley, B. (2018). [online] Bp.com. Available at:
https://www.bp.com/content/dam/bp/en/corporate/pdf/energy-economics/statistical-review/bp-
stats-review-2018-full-report.pdf [Accessed 24 Aug. 2018].
Kamboj, A., Haque, A., Kumar, A., Sharma, V.K. and Kumar, A., 2017, March. Design of
footstep power generator using piezoelectric sensors. In Innovations in Information, Embedded
and Communication Systems (ICIIECS), 2017 International Conference on (pp. 1-3). IEEE.
Kerzner, H. and Kerzner, H.R., 2017. Project management: a systems approach to planning,
scheduling, and controlling. John Wiley & Sons.
Larson, E.W. and Gray, C.F., 2015. A Guide to the Project Management Body of Knowledge:
PMBOK (®) Guide. Project Management Institute.
Modi, N., Shrivastava, P., Bhardwaj, R. and Jaiswal, U., 2016. Generation Of Electricity
Through Footstep. International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology
(IRJET), 3(05), pp.2395-0072.

15DESIGN AND FABRICATION OF MECHANICAL FOOT STEP POWER GENERATOR
Muhammad, A., Alib, A., Bibic, S. and Tuniod, N.A., 2016. 275. Foot Step Power Generation
System.
Nayyar, Z.A., Zaigham, N.A. and Qadeer, A., 2014. Assessment of present conventional and
non-conventional energy scenario of Pakistan. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 31,
pp.543-553.
Nibras, N.K., Senanayakalage, S. and Shaffer, J., 2017. Footstep Power Generation.
Stevens Institute of Technology 2018. [online] Available at:
https://web.stevens.edu/ses/me/fileadmin/me/senior_design/2008/Group11/Results.html
[Accessed 24 Aug. 2018].
Xie, L. and Cai, M., 2014. Human motion: Sustainable power for wearable electronics. IEEE
Pervasive Computing, 13(4), pp.42-49.